scholarly journals TaERF73 is associated with root depth, thousand‐grain weight and plant height in wheat over a range of environmental conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Du ◽  
Chaonan Li ◽  
Xinguo Mao ◽  
Jingyi Wang ◽  
Long Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Root Depth ◽  
Thousand Grain Weight

scholarly journals Functional mutation allele mining of plant architecture and yield-related agronomic traits and characterization of their effects in wheat

BMC Genetics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huijun Guo ◽  
Hongchun Xiong ◽  
Yongdun Xie ◽  
Linshu Zhao ◽  
Jiayu Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Leaf Angle ◽  
Cytokinin Oxidase ◽  
Thousand Grain Weight ◽  
Wheat Mutant

Abstract Background Wheat mutant resources with phenotypic variation have been developed in recent years. These mutants might carry favorable mutation alleles, which have the potential to be utilized in the breeding process. Plant architecture and yield-related features are important agronomic traits for wheat breeders and mining favorable alleles of these traits will improve wheat characteristics. Results Here we used 190 wheat phenotypic mutants as material and by analyzing their SNP variation and phenotypic data, mutation alleles for plant architecture and yield-related traits were identified, and the genetic effects of these alleles were evaluated. In total, 32 mutation alleles, including three pleiotropic alleles, significantly associated with agronomic traits were identified from the 190 wheat mutant lines. The SNPs were distributed on 12 chromosomes and were associated with plant height (PH), tiller number, flag leaf angle (FLA), thousand grain weight (TGW), and other yield-related traits. Further phenotypic analysis of multiple lines carrying the same mutant allele was performed to determine the effect of the allele on the traits of interest. PH-associated SNPs on chromosomes 2BL, 3BS, 3DL, and 5DL might show additive effects, reducing PH by 10.0 cm to 31.3 cm compared with wild type, which means that these alleles may be favorable for wheat improvement. Only unfavorable mutation alleles that reduced TGW and tiller number were identified. A region on chromosome 5DL with mutation alleles for PH and TGW contained several long ncRNAs, and their sequences shared more than 90% identity with cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase genes. Some of the mutation alleles we mined were colocalized with previously reported QTLs or genes while others were novel; these novel alleles could also result in phenotypic variation. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that favorable mutation alleles are present in mutant resources, and the region between 409.5 to 419.8 Mb on chromosome 5DL affects wheat plant height and thousand grain weight.

Effects of Urea Spray on Wheat in Iraq

1981 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagdish Seth ◽  
K. I. Mosluh
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Thousand Grain Weight ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Plant Plant

SUMMARYAn experiment on wheat (variety Mexipak) was undertaken for two years at the Experimental Farm to study the effects of soil and foliar application of urea. The results indicated appreciable increases in grain yields due to foliar sprays of urea during both years of the experiment; the spray helped to increase yield-contributing factors such as thousand-grain weight, weight of grains per plant, plant height and dry weight.

Assessment of Variability of Foxtail Millet [Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.] Genotypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
Manoj Kandel ◽  
Suk Gurung ◽  
Narayan Dhami ◽  
Jiban Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Thousand Grain Weight ◽  
Leaf Blast ◽  
Days To Maturity

Analysis of genetic diversity and variability is an initial step for crop development in a plant breeding program. Thirty foxtail millet genotypes were evaluated for their ten agro-morphological traits viz. grain yield, days to heading, days to maturity, plant height, leaf length, leaf width, number of nodes per tiller, panicle length, thousand-grain weight, and leaf blast during April to August season of 2018 at Kabre, Dolakha, Nepal. Clustering was done based on variability observed among the genotypes for all the ten traits by the average linkage method. The genotypes were grouped into six clusters. The shortest inter cluster distance between Cluster I and Cluster II was 17.63 and the longest was between Cluster IV and Cluster VI with 47.55. Cluster I had the maximum leaf blast score with the minimum leaf length. The Cluster II had the maximum grain yield and days to 50% heading and the number of nodes per tiller. The Cluster III was characterized by the maximum leaf length and leaf blast value. The genotypes grouped into the Cluster IV were characterized by the lowest value of days to 50% heading and 80% days to maturity and those of Cluster V had the maximum thousand-grain weight. The genotypes categorized into Cluster VI had the maximum plant height, leaf length, and panicle length. Cluster II and Cluster V were good because of their agro-morphological traits. The presence of a high level of diversity among the genotypes indicated their suitability for selection in crop breeding programs. Correlation analysis of genotypes having the maximum panicle length leaf area and higher plant height and shorter maturity period are pre-requisite for improvement in grain yield.

scholarly journals Functional Analysis of the “Green Revolution” Gene Photoperiod-1 and Its Selection Trends During Bread Wheat Breeding

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongzhen Wu ◽  
Jiahui Liu ◽  
Guimei Hu ◽  
Huixian Xue ◽  
Huiyuan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Association Analysis ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Thousand Grain Weight ◽  
Genome Wide

Flowering is central to the transformation of plants from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. The circadian clock system enables plants to sense the changes in the external environment and to modify the growth and development process at an appropriate time. Photoperiod-1 (Ppd-1), which is controlled by the output signal of the circadian clock, has played an important role in the wheat “Green Revolution.” In the current study, we systematically studied the relationship between Ppd-1 haplotypes and both wheat yield- and quality-related traits, using genome-wide association analysis and transgenic strategies, and found that highly appropriate haplotypes had been selected in the wheat breeding programs. Genome-wide association analysis showed that Ppd-1 is associated with significant differences in yield-related traits in wheat, including spike length (SL), heading date (HD), plant height (PH), and thousand-grain weight (TGW). Ppd-1-Hapl-A1 showed increased SL by 4.72–5.93%, whereas Ppd-1-Hapl-B1 and Ppd-1-Hapl-D1 displayed earlier HD by 0.58–0.75 and 1.24–2.93%, respectively, decreased PH by 5.64–13.08 and 13.62–27.30%, respectively, and increased TGW by 4.89–10.94 and 11.12–21.45%, respectively. Furthermore, the constitutive expression of the Ppd-D1 gene in rice significantly delayed heading date and resulted in reduced plant height, thousand-grain weight, grain width (GW), and total protein content. With reference to 40years of data from Chinese wheat breeding, it was found that the appropriate haplotypes Ppd-1-Hapl-A1, Ppd-1-Hapl-B1, and Ppd-1-Hapl-D1 had all been subjected to directional selection, and that their distribution frequencies had increased from 26.09, 60.00, and 52.00% in landraces to 42.55, 93.62, and 96.23% in wheat cultivars developed in the 2010s. A Ppd-B1 methylation molecular marker was also developed to assist molecular wheat breeding. This research is of significance for fully exploring the function of the Ppd-1 gene and its genetic resource diversity, to effectively use the most appropriate haplotypes and to improve crop yield and sustainability.

scholarly journals Combining ability analysis for yield and yield contributing traits in maize (Zea mays L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-259
Author(s):  
HZ Raihan ◽  
S Sultana ◽  
M Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Thousand Grain Weight ◽  
Additive Gene Action ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

An experiment on combining ability was carried out with 21 crosses produced from 7×7 diallel cross without reciprocal for grain yield and yield contributing characters in maize. Analysis of variance for combining ability showed that mean square (MS) due to GCA & SCA were highly significant for all characters except GCA in plant height, cob length and 1000 grain weight and SCA in maturity and row/cob indicated that all but mentioned traits were governed by both additive and non-additive gene action. Variances due to GCA were higher for all characters except thousand grain weight revealed that the predominance of additive gene action for all characters except thousand grain weight. Parent CML 487 and Ki 21 were the best general combiner for yield and most of the yield contributing characters. Parent BMZ 57 & BMZ 15 were the best general combiner for dwarf & earliness in plant. Among all the crosses CML 473 × Ki 21, CML 487 × Ki 21 and CML 429 × BIL 182 exhibited significant positive SCA effect for grain yield. The cross CML 429 × BIL 182 may be considered as the best cross with recorded significant mean value and desired SCA for traits like 1000 grain weight, yield (t/ha), days to 50% pollen shedding, days to 50% silking, plant height, ear height and days to maturity. The promising single crosses with significant and positive SCA could be used for variety development after verifying them across locations. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 44(2): 253-259, June 2019

scholarly journals Study on Genotypic Response and Correlation Analysis of the Yield and Yield Attributing Traits of Different Barley (Hordeum Vulgare) Genotypes

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-536
Author(s):  
Deepak Vitrakoti ◽  
Sheetal Aryal ◽  
Santosh Rasaily ◽  
Bishnu Raj Ojha ◽  
Raju Kharel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Spike Length ◽  
Thousand Grain Weight ◽  
Days To Flowering ◽  
Days To Heading ◽  
Peduncle Length

Barley, being a tremendous opportunities crop, we are far back regarding study, research and utilization. An experiment was conducted 2014-2015 to evaluate the barley genotypes for their yield attributing traits and correlation and causation. Eleven yield contributing traits viz., days to booting, heading and flowering; peduncle length, spike length, plant height, flag leaf area, flag leaf-1 area, thousand grain weight, biological weight and yield per hectare were recorded. High significant variation among genotypes was found for traits under study. Genotypes SBYT3-13#1115 (1960 kg), 14-SB-NAK-MR#17 (1760 kg) and AM POP#26 (1660 kg) were found to be superior for their per se performance based on grain yield per hectare, yield attributing and other quantitative traits. Thousand grains weight (0.333) had positively highest significant correlation with grain yield per hectare followed by spike length (0.310). Grain yield per hectare showed negative highly significant correlation with days to flowering (-0.796) followed by days to heading (-0.761) and days to booting (-0.663). Peduncle length (0.229), plant height (0.226), biological weight (0.181) and flag leaf area (0.032) were positively correlated with grain yield per hectare while flag leaf-1 area(-0.029) was negatively correlated. Thus, selection for genotypes with higher thousand grain weight and spike length accommodating earlier days to flowering, heading and booting is a prerequisite for attaining improvement in grain yield per hectare.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(4): 529-536

scholarly journals Pleiotropic function of SQUAMOSA PROMOTER-BINDING PROTEIN-BOX gene TaSPL14 on plant architecture of wheat

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Cao ◽  
Kaiye Liu ◽  
Wanjun Song ◽  
Jianing Zhang ◽  
Yingyin Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Spike Length ◽  
Thousand Grain Weight ◽  
Spikelet Number ◽  
Ethylene Response ◽  
Spike Development ◽  
Squamosa Promoter Binding Protein

Abstract Background SQUAMOSA PROMOTER-BINDING PROTEIN-BOX gene OsSPL14 from rice is evaluated as the major gene for ideal plant architecture consisting of few unproductive tillers, more grains per spike and high lodging resistance stems. However, the function of its orthologous gene TaSPL14 in wheat is still unknown. Results Here, we reported the similarity and variation between TaSPL14 and OsSPL14. Similar to OsSPL14, TaSPL14 knock-out mutants exhibited decreased plant height, spike length, spikelet number, thousand-grain weight. Different from OsSPL14, TaSPL14 had no effect on tiller number. Transcriptome analysis genes related to ethylene response were significantly decreased in young spikes of TaSPL14 knockout mutants, compared with wild type. TaSPL14 directly binds to the promoters of the ethylene response gene TaEIL1 (EIN3-LIKE 1), TaRAP2.11 (ETHYLENE-RESPNSIVE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 2.11) and TaERF1 (ETHYLENE-RESPNSIVE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 1) and activities their expression, suggesting that TaSPL14 might regulate wheat spike development through ethylene response pathway. Conclusions TaSPL14 had similar function with OsSPL14 in regulating plant height, spike length, spikelet number and thousand-grain weight of wheat, and had different function in tiller development. TaSPL14 might regulate spike development through TaEIL1, TaRAP2.11 and TaERF1, not TaDEP1.The elucidation of TaSPL14 will contribute to exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying plant architecture of wheat.

scholarly journals DAYA HASIL GALUR-GALUR PADI SAWAH GENERASI LANJUT PADA KONDISI TERCEKAM KEKERINGAN

Agrin ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Estria F. Pramudyawardani ◽  
Rina H. Wening ◽  
Untung Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Thousand Grain Weight ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Essential Requirement ◽  
Land Treatment

Kekeringan pada lahan sawah merupakan masalah yang kerap kali menjadi ancaman pada budidaya padi.Penggunaan varietas yang tepat dapat mengurangi resiko kehilangan hasil yang terlalu besar. Penelitian inibertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaan hasil 220 galur padi sawah generasi lanjut di lahan kering dibandingkandengan lahan optimal. Percobaan dilaksanakan pada musim kemarau di kebun percobaan BB Padi Sukamandi,menggunakan rancangan augmented 5 blok dengan 4 varietas pembanding (INPARI 10, INPARI 13, SituBagendit, dan Limboto). Perlakuan lahan optimal sesuai dengan cara budidaya yang disarankan, sedangkan lahankering hanya diairi hingga 4 minggu setelah tanam. Luas plot yang digunakan 1 m x 5 m per galur. Pengamatandilakukan terhadap umur berbunga 10% dan 50% (hss), tinggi tanaman (cm), jumlah anakan dan malai per rumpun,bobot seribu butir (gram), dan hasil per plot (kg) dikonversikan menjadi t/ha GKG. Pengamatan terhadap kondisiair tanah, kelengasan tanah, serta skoring gejala kekeringan ditambahkan untuk lahan kering. Sebanyak 23 galurmemperoleh hasil lebih baik dari Situ Bagendit (2,32 t/ha GKG) di lahan optimal dan 17 galur lebih baik dariLimboto (1,05 t/ha GKG) di lahan kering. Galur BP15704b-14 dan A 62-1 (BP10764f-10-2) teridentifikasi tumbuhbaik di kedua lahan. Tujuh galur dengan produktivitas setara Limboto mempunyai mekanisme ketahanan terhadapkekeringan. Kondisi kekeringan menurunkan tinggi tanaman, bobot seribu butir, dan hasil.Kata kunci: daya hasil, galur padi, lahan kering, kekeringanABSTRACTDrought often pose a threat to rice cultivation because water is an essential requirement in rice growth.Drought tolerant varieties are expected to mitigate the risks of drought stress. This study aims to determine theperformance of 220 advance lines in the dry land as compared with the optimum land. Experiment conducted atSukamandi esperimental station during dry season. Experiment was arranged in augmented 5 blocks with 4 checkvarieties (INPARI 10, INPARI 13, Bagendit, and Limboto). The optimum land treatment irrigated based on therecommended cultivation, while the dry land treatment irrigated until 4 weeks after planting only. The plot areawas 1 m x 5 m per lines. Observations was done for: days to 10% and 50% flowering (DAS), plant height (cm),number of tillers and panicles per hill, thousand grain weight (g), and yield per plot (kg) converted to t/ha. Additionobservations on dry land treatment was done for groundwater, soil moisture, and scoring drought symptom. Theresult showed 23 lines had higher yield than Situ Bagendit (2.32 t/ha) in optimum land, while 17 lines had higheryield than Limboto (1.05 t/ha) in dry land. BP15704b-14 and A 62-1 (BP10764f-10-2) was identified had stableyield on both treatment. Seven lines which similar with Limboto productivity was estimated to have resistancemechanisms for drought stress. Drought stress decline plant height, grain weight, and yield.Key words: potential yield, dry land, drought

scholarly journals Canola yield under different irrigation frequencies and nitrogen levels in the Brazilian Cerrado

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Carniato Sanches ◽  
Eder Pereira Gomes ◽  
Edéria Pereira Gomes Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Thousand Grain Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Affected Plant

ABSTRACT In the Brazilian Cerrado, canola is grown in the off-season. During this period, rainfall is insufficient to ensure the maximum crop yield, and irrigation is needed. Canola has a high demand for nitrogen; thus, the application of this nutrient is essential for obtaining a good crop yield. Therefore, a study was conducted at the Federal University of Grande Dourados in 2012 and 2013 using a randomized block split-plot design with four repetition treatments in the plot that consisted of three irrigation frequencies (no irrigation, weekly irrigation and irrigation three times per week). Subplots received different doses of nitrogen: 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha- 1 in 2012 and 0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 kg ha-1 in 2013. In both periods, the irrigation frequencies significantly affected plant height, dry weight, grain yield, thousand grain weight and oil content. The nitrogen levels significantly affected dry weight, thousand grain weight and oil content in 2012, as well as plant height, number of pods, dry weight, grain yield and oil yield in 2013. The highest yields were obtained when irrigation was performed three times per week, corresponding to 3,001.84 kg ha-1 in 2012 and 2,516.7 kg ha-1 in 2013.

Genetic variability and character association of quantitative traits in jhum rice genotypes

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Akter ◽  
M Khalequzzaman ◽  
MZ Islam ◽  
MAA Mamun ◽  
MAZ Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Thousand Grain Weight ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Positive Direct

Thirty jhum rice genotypes of hilly origin were studied for genetic variability, correlation and path analysis under medium high land of Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications for the period of March to July (Aus season), 2016. Analysis of variance revealed significant difference among the genotypes for all the characters studied. The PCV values were greater than GCV, revealing little influence of environment in character expression. High values of heritability along with high genetic advance were observed for filled grain and plant height. Such outcomes suggested predominance of additive gene action in gene expression for these characters. Grain yield showed positive association with number of effective tiller and thousand grain weight at genotypic in conjunction with phenotypic level. Most of the traits had significant genetic variability besides, plant height and panicle length exhibited positive direct effect together with positive correlation with yield. Thousand grain weight possessed negative direct effect but highest positive significant correlation with yield.SAARC J. Agri., 16(1): 193-203 (2018)

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