Durability of fire retardant treated wood products at humid and exterior conditions review of literature

AbstractThis review compiles various literature studies on the environmental impacts associated with the processes of thermal modification of wood. In wood preservation field, the wood modification by heat is considered as an ecofriendly process due to the absence of any additional chemicals. However, it is challenging to find proper scientific and industrial data that support this aspect. There are still very few complete studies on the life cycle assessment (LCA) and even less studies on the environmental impacts related to wood heat treatment processes whether on a laboratory or on an industrial scales. This comprehensive review on environmental impact assessment emphasizes environmental categories such as dwindling of natural resources, cumulative energy intake, gaseous, solid and liquid emissions occurred by the thermal-treated wood industry. All literature-based data were collected for every single step of the process of wood thermal modification like resources, treatment process, transport and distribution, uses and end of life of treated wood products.

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A Chemical Stain for Identifying Arsenic‐Treated Wood Products

Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology ◽

10.1080/02773810701700836 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 27 (3-4) ◽

pp. 201-217 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Amy L. Omae ◽

Helena M. Solo‐Gabriele ◽

Timothy G. Townsend

Keyword(s):

Treated Wood ◽

Wood Products

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OPTIMIZATION OF INORGANIC COMPONENTS OF FIRE PROTECTIVE VARNISH FOR WOOD

Bulletin of Odessa State Academy of Civil Engennering and Architecture ◽

10.31650/2415-377x-2021-82-123-132 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 123-132

Author(s):

Yu. Tsapko ◽

◽

А. Tsapko ◽

O. Bondarenko ◽

V. Lomaha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Fire Retardant ◽

Protective Layer ◽

Combustion Products ◽

Wood Products ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Protective Film ◽

Insulating Layer ◽

Combustible Gases ◽

Material Studies

Abstract. The processes of creation of fire-retardant varnish for wood consisting of a mixture of inorganic and polymeric substances are investigated in the work. It is established that the optimization of the inorganic component leads to a directional ratio of mineral acids and urea capable of effective fire protection of the material. Studies have shown that at the initial temperature of gaseous combustion products T = 68 °C, when exposed to the radiation panel, the untreated sample ignited after 146 s, the flame spread over the entire surface, instead, the sample fire-protected varnish did not ignite, the maximum temperature was 105 °C. In this case, as evidenced by the results of heat resistance, there is a change in the structure of the protective film of the coating. The thickness of the protective layer increases due to the decomposition of the composition, which leads to inhibition of oxidation in the gas and condensed phase, change the direction of decomposition towards the formation of non-combustible gases and combustible coke residue, reduce material combustion and increase flammability index. The coating under the influence of high temperature promotes the formation of a heat-insulating layer of coke, which prevents burning and the passage of high temperature to the material, which is confirmed by the absence of the process of ignition of fire-retardant wood. Features of braking of process of ignition and distribution of a flame of the wood processed by a varnish which consist in several aspects are established. This is the formation of a heat-insulating layer of coke, which prevents burning and the passage of high temperatures to the material, which is confirmed by the absence of the process of ignition of fire-retardant reeds. This indicates the possibility of targeted control of high temperature transfer processes to organic material through the use of special coatings for wood products.

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Determination of the time of ignition of plant raw under the high temperature of the radiation panel

Ukrainian Journal of Forest and Wood Science ◽

10.31548/forest2020.03.008 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

Author(s):

V. V. Lomaha ◽

O. Yu. Tsapko ◽

Yu. V. Tsapko ◽

O. P. Bondarenko

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Fire Protection ◽

Effective Means ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Fire Retardant ◽

Protective Layer ◽

Thermal Action ◽

Environmental Safety ◽

Wood Products ◽

Operational Parameters

Reducing the fire prevention of timber is not only an economic task, but also has a social and environmental focus. From economic, technological and environmental perspective, an important problem in ensuring the viability and safe operation of construction sites is the development of fire-retardant coatings for wooden structures. The construction is increasingly looking for new highly effective means of fire protection of wood and wood products which should not only ensure the standardized fire resistance of wood, but also to maintain its operational parameters to solve environmental safety and durability. Studies of the effect of the radiation panel on the ignition of the wood sample have set the parameters of the flame ignition, which makes it possible to influence this process. It is proved that they consist in the formation of a layer of organic material on the surface, which provides heating to a critical temperature, when the intensive decomposition of the material begins with the release of the required amount of combustible gases and their ignition. This makes it possible to determine the effect of fire protection and the properties of protective compositions on the process of slowing down the rate of burning of wood. Experimental studies have confirmed that the untreated sample of wood, under the thermal action of the radiation panel has taken up, the flames spread over the entire surface, which led to its combustion. The application of a fire retardant varnish under the influence of temperature leads to a layer of foam coke and inhibition of heat transfer of high-temperature flame to the material and its ignition. Thanks to this, it became possible to determine the conditions for changing the parameters of combustion and braking during fire protection of wood, by forming a barrier for thermal conductivity. Thus, there is reason to argue for the possibility of directional control of the processes of fire protection of wood by the use of fireproof coatings that can form a protective layer on the surface of the material, which slows down the rate of burning of wood.

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Enhancement of Wood Biological Resistance and Fire Retardant Properties after Laccase Assisted Enzymatic Grafting

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12081102 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 1102

Author(s):

Cristian Bolaño ◽

Sabrina Palanti ◽

Luigi Benni ◽

Diego Moldes

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Flame Retardant ◽

Toxic Substance ◽

Treated Wood ◽

Fire Retardant ◽

Wood Preservative ◽

Decay Resistance ◽

Kraft Lignin ◽

Fire Retardant Properties ◽

Wood Surfaces

Several treatments of wood, based on laccase assisted grafting, were evaluated in this paper. Firstly, the efficacy of lignosulfonate and kraft lignin from Eucalyptus spp. as a wood preservative was assessed. Both ligno products were anchored to wood surfaces via laccase treatment in order to avoid leaching. Moreover, some of these wood preservative treatments were completed with the addition of silver nanoparticles. For comparison, a commercial product was also analyzed in terms of its fungal decay resistance during surface application, in accordance to use class 3, CEN EN 335. Secondly, the anchoring of a flame retardant based on tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA) was attempted, to limit the dispersion of this toxic substance from treated wood. In both cases, kraft lignin and lignosulfonate showed an improvement in wood durability, even after leaching. However, the addition of silver nanoparticles did not improve the efficacy. On the other hand, the efficacy of TBBPA as a flame retardant was not improved by grafting it with laccase treatment or by adding O2, a co-factor of laccase.

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In Polymerization of Environment Friendly Melamine-Urea-Glyoxal Resin in Rubber Wood for Improved Physical and Mechanical Properties

International Journal of Polymer Science ◽

10.1155/2021/8510571 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Lijuan Ping ◽

Yubo Chai ◽

Fangwen Zhang ◽

Bailing Sun ◽

Junliang Liu

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Wood Sample ◽

Treated Wood ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Weight Percent Gain ◽

Wood Products ◽

Environment Friendly ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Rubber Wood ◽

Structural Applications

In the study, we report that a safe and simple way for upgrading inferior rubber wood through the combined modification of environment-friendly MUG resin was synthesized from glyoxal, melamine, urea, and other additives. MUG-treated wood samples were prepared with six different MUG resin concentrations (5, 15, 25, 35, 45, and 55 wt %) into the wood matrix and then heated and polymerized to form a solid and hydrophobic MUG resin in the wood scaffold, and the physico-mechanical properties were evaluated. As the MUG resin concentration increased, the weight percent gain and density increased, water uptake and leachability decreased, and the antiswelling efficiency increased at first and then decreased. MUG-treated wood sample can be prepared when the MUG resin concentration was set as 25%, and the physical properties of treated wood was optimum. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis showed that the MUG resin is widely distributed in the cell lumens and cell walls. With enhanced physico-mechanical properties, MUG-treated wood sample can be well used as a promising alternative to existing engineered wood products for structural applications.

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