Fuel model development for the Greek East-Mediterranean forest litter layer

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 597-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miltiadis Boboulos ◽  
Michael R.I. Purvis ◽  
Stanimir Ivanov Penchev
Keyword(s):  
Model Development ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Mediterranean Forest ◽  
Litter Layer ◽  
East Mediterranean ◽  
Fuel Model ◽  
Greek East

scholarly journals Hydraulic characteristics of varying slope gradients, rainfall intensities and litter cover on vegetated slopes

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 506-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiamei Sun ◽  
Dengxing Fan ◽  
Xinxiao Yu ◽  
Hanzhi Li
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Resistance Coefficient ◽  
Litter Layer ◽  
Slope Gradient ◽  
Power Functions ◽  
Yield Rate ◽  
Litter Cover

Abstract Litter produced by forests performs crucial functions in rainfall interception and soil conservation, particularly in the condition that larger raindrops formed by canopy accelerate soil erosion. To explore how forest litter exerts runoff hydrological characteristics and sediment yield processes, experiments on forest covered (Vitexnegundo var. heterophylla) slopes were conducted under various combinations of rainfall intensities and slope gradients. The results showed that litter reduced runoff yield rate by 9–31% and reduced sediment yield rate by 65–90%, with mean runoff and sediment reductions of 18% and 76% for all treatments. On forest covered slopes, Reynolds number and runoff power generally increased with the increase in both rainfall intensity and slope gradient. Litter layer reduced Reynolds number and runoff power with 8–29% and 56–80%, respectively. Darcy–Weisbach resistance coefficient decreased by increasing rainfall intensity and slope gradient. Litter layer increased Darcy–Weisbach resistance coefficient by three to nine times. Relationships between sediment yield rate and Reynolds number, runoff power, Darcy–Weisbach resistance coefficient were described by exponential, linear, power functions, respectively. The critical runoff power values for slopes with and without litter were 0.0027 and 0.0010 m/s, respectively. Reynolds number was the best hydrodynamic parameter for dynamic erosion characterizing.

Towards Surrogate Reaction Model Development

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Slavinskaya ◽  
A. Zizin ◽  
U. Riedel
Keyword(s):  
Ignition Delay ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Formation Enthalpy ◽  
Reaction Model ◽  
Optimization Criterion ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Combustion Enthalpy ◽  
Fuel Model ◽  
Kinetics Of

The present paper describes the proposed strategy of fuel model design based on identification of chemical and physical criteria for the selection of initial formula of the reference fuel. The first 8 criteria established and studied in previous papers so far are combustion enthalpy, formation enthalpy, molecular weight, C/H-ratio, sooting tendency index, critical point, two-phase diagram, and distillation curve. With these criteria established, the following candidate formula of the kerosene surrogate blend is defined and optimized to adequately mimic the properties of the real fuel: 10% n-propylcyclohexane, 13% iso-octane, 20% n-dodecane, 23% 1-methylnaphthalene, and 32% n-hexadecane. In this work, the ignition delay time has been studied as the next optimization criterion. To keep the model size small, the core reaction mechanism — the skeletal kinetics of n-heptane and iso-octane combustion including aromatics formation, developed earlier — is extended by n-propylcyclohexane, 1-methylnaphthalene, n-dodecane, and n-hexadecane sub-models. The lumped mechanisms for larger n-alkanes are constructed in a similar way to that for n-decane. The n-propylcyclohexane oxidation sub-model is derived from a skeletal mechanism for the low and high temperature cyclohexane oxidation. Reactions for 1-methylnaphthlene oxidation are included in the sub-mechanism for the formation of aromatics up to 5 ringed molecules. The mechanism includes 189 species and 1125 reactions. The proposed sub-models and overall mechanism are validated against experimental data obtained in shock tubes and in jet stirred reactor.s The simulations of ignition delay data for all hydrocarbons and their mixtures, i.e. for kerosene, are in good agreement with the measured data.

Estimating east Mediterranean forest parameters using Landsat ETM

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1561-1574 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Alrababah ◽  
M. N. Alhamad ◽  
A. L. Bataineh ◽  
M. M. Bataineh ◽  
A. F. Suwaileh
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Forest ◽  
East Mediterranean

scholarly journals Influence of sewage sludge composts with straw or ash on oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida) from pine forest litter in laboratory conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Andrzej Klimek ◽  
Bogusław Chachaj ◽  
Leszek Kosakowski
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Pine Forest ◽  
Oribatid Mites ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Sewage Sludge ◽  
Litter Layer ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
The Mean

Influence of sewage sludge composts with straw or ash on oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida) from pine forest litter in laboratory conditionsIn a substrate obtained from municipal sewage sludge composts, the C:N ratio was decreased during the 12-month experiment. The amount of forest litter (layer 1 or 2 cm thick), used for fauna introduction, did not influence significantly the mean abundance of oribatid mites in sewage sludge compost. Oribatid mites tolerated compost alone or with straw, but were negatively influenced by addition of wood-ash. Abundance of oribatid mites in compost alone was increased from the 3rdmonth, and its maximum occurred in the 10thmonth. Abundance of oribatid mites in compost with straw was clearly increased since the 10th-12thmonth of the experiment. Generally the abundance of oribatid mites was mainly affected byRamusella mihelcici, which was most abundant in compost alone and with straw (maximum abundance was above 100 000 individuals · m-2). However, species diversity of the mites was very low at the end of the experiment.

Effects of forest litter layer on regeneration of Populus cathayana natural population in Xiaowutai Mountains in China

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-116
Author(s):  
Xiao-Feng LI ◽  
Xiao XU ◽  
Bi-Xia WANG ◽  
You-You HUANG ◽  
Zhi-Feng WANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Population ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Litter Layer ◽  
Populus Cathayana

Influence of forest age on nutrient availability and storage in coniferous soils of the Oregon Coast Range

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Entry ◽  
William H. Emmingham
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Coast Range ◽  
Litter Layer ◽  
Forest Age ◽  
Nutrient Storage ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Oregon Coast Range ◽  
Old Growth Forest ◽  
Young Growth

A substantial fraction of the organic matter and plant essential nutrients in forest ecosystems are contained in the soil. The role of soils in nutrient storage and availability is an essential component of ecosystem function and stability. The top 10 cm of soil contains the highest concentration of nutrients. To determine the influence of forest age on nutrient storage and availability in riparian soils, we compared concentrations, storage, and extractability of plant nutrients in the litter layer and top 10 cm of mineral soil in old-, second-, and young-growth riparian forests. The analysis of variance for nutrient concentration, nutrient storage, or nutrients extracted in both the litter layer and top 10 cm of mineral soil showed no significant differences among sites or seasons for any nutrient; only differences among forest ages will be discussed. Concentrations of N, P, Mg, Mn, and Cu in forest litter did not differ by forest age, but concentrations of K, Ca, and B were significantly higher in old-growth forest litter than in the litter of second-or young-growth forests. In mineral soil, the concentrations of all nutrients were statistically equal for all forest ages. Old-growth forests stored significantly (P ≤ 0.05) greater amounts of all nutrients measured in the litter layer, and greater amounts of N, P, and K in the mineral soil, than were stored in second- or young-growth forests. Greater amounts of P, B, and Zn were extracted from old-growth forest litter than from either second- or young-growth forest litter, and greater amounts of P, K, Mn, B, and Zn were extracted from old-growth mineral soil than from second- or young-growth mineral soil. The amount of each nutrient stored in the litter layer of the different-aged forests correlated curvilinearly with the amount of C in the litter layer of these forests; r2 ranged from 0.60 to 0.83. Also, the amount of N, K, and Ca stored in the mineral soil correlated curvilinearly with the amount of C in the soil; r2 ranged from 0.50 to 0.76.

scholarly journals Immediate Changes in Organic Matter and Plant Available Nutrients of Haplic Luvisol Soils Following Different Experimental Burning Intensities in Damak Forest, Hungary

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 453
Author(s):  
Jack M. Bridges ◽  
George P. Petropoulos ◽  
Nicola Clerici
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Fuel Load ◽  
Fire Intensity ◽  
Litter Layer ◽  
Prevention Policy ◽  
Calcium Magnesium

One of the major pedological changes produced by wildfires is the drastic modification of forest soil systems properties. To our knowledge, large research gaps are currently present concerning the effect of such fires on forest Haplic Luvisols soils in Central Europe. In this study, the effects of experimental fires on soil organic matter and chemical properties at different burning intensities in a Central European forest were examined. The study was conducted at Damak Forest, in Hungary, ecosystem dominated by deciduous broadleaf trees, including the rare Hungarian oak Quercus frainetto Ten. The experimental fires were carried out in nine different plots on Haplic Luvisol soils transferred from Damak Forest to the burning site. Three types of fuel load were collected from the forest: litter layer, understorey and overstorey. Groups of three plots were burned at low (litter layer), medium intensity (litter and understorey) and high intensity (litter, understorey and overstorey). Pre-fire and post-fire soil samples were taken from each plot, analysed in the laboratory and statistically compared. Key plant nutrients of organic matter, carbon, potassium, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus were analysed from each sample. No significant differences in soil organic matter and carbon between pre- and post-fire samples were observed, but high intensity fires did increase soil pH significantly. Calcium, magnesium and phosphorus availability increased significantly at all fire intensity levels. Soil potassium levels significantly decreased (ca. 50%) for all intensity treatments, in contrast to most literature. Potassium is a key nutrient for ion transport in plants, and any loss of this nutrient from the soil could have significant effects on local agricultural production. Overall, our findings provide evidence that support the maintaining of the current Hungarian fire prevention policy.

Effects of rainfall intensity and slope on interception and precipitation partitioning by forest litter layer

CATENA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 711-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Du ◽  
Jianzhi Niu ◽  
Zhaoliang Gao ◽  
Xiongwen Chen ◽  
Linus Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Litter Layer
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