scholarly journals Genome‐wide evolutionary response of European oaks during the Anthropocene

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dounia Saleh ◽  
Jun Chen ◽  
Jean‐Charles Leplé ◽  
Thibault Leroy ◽  
Laura Truffaut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Wide ◽  
Evolutionary Response

scholarly journals Genome-wide evolutionary response to a heat wave in Drosophila

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 20130228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Rodríguez-Trelles ◽  
Rosa Tarrío ◽  
Mauro Santos
Keyword(s):  
Heat Wave ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Temperature Anomaly ◽  
Genetic Constitution ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Darwinian Fitness ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Evolutionary Response ◽  
Genetic Anomaly

Extreme climatic events can substantially affect organismal performance and Darwinian fitness. In April 2011, a strong heat wave struck extensive geographical areas of the world, including Western Europe. At that time, we happened to resume and extend a long-term time series of seasonal genetic data in the widespread fly Drosophila subobscura , which provided a unique opportunity to quantify the intensity of the genetic perturbation caused by the heat wave. We show that the spring 2011 genetic constitution of the populations transiently shifted to summer-like frequencies, and that the magnitude of the genetic anomaly quantitatively matched the temperature anomaly. The results provide compelling evidence that direct effects of rising temperature are driving adaptive evolutionary shifts, and also suggest a strong genetic resilience in this species.

scholarly journals A genomic approach to understanding Heliothis and Helicoverpa resistance to chemical and biological insecticides

1998 ◽  
Vol 353 (1376) ◽  
pp. 1713-1722 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Heckel ◽  
L. J. Gahan ◽  
J. C. Daly ◽  
S. Trowell
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Positional Cloning ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Evolutionary Response ◽  
Genomic Approach ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Comparative Study

Genomics is the comparative study of the structure and function of entire genomes. Although the complete sequencing of the genome of any insect pest is far in the future, a genomic approach can be useful in the study of mechanisms of insecticide resistance. We describe this strategy for Heliothis and Helicoverpa , two of the most destructive genera of pest moths (Lepidoptera) worldwide. Genome–wide linkage mapping provides the location of major and minor resistance genes. Positional cloning identifies novel resistance genes, even when the mechanisms are poorly understood, as with resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxins. Anchor loci provide the reference points for comparing the genomes and the genetic architecture of resistance mechanisms among related species. Collectively, these tools enable the description of the evolutionary response of related, but independent, genomes to the common selective pressure of insecticides in the environment. They also provide information that is useful for targeted management of specific resistance genes, and may even speed the search for families of novel insecticidal targets in Lepidoptera.

scholarly journals Increased brain size in mammals is associated with size variations in gene families with cell signalling, chemotaxis and immune-related functions

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1775) ◽  
pp. 20132428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atahualpa Castillo-Morales ◽  
Jimena Monzón-Sandoval ◽  
Araxi O. Urrutia ◽  
Humberto Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
Brain Size ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Cell Signalling ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Evolutionary Response ◽  
Highly Correlated

Genomic determinants underlying increased encephalization across mammalian lineages are unknown. Whole genome comparisons have revealed large and frequent changes in the size of gene families, and it has been proposed that these variations could play a major role in shaping morphological and physiological differences among species. Using a genome-wide comparative approach, we examined changes in gene family size (GFS) and degree of encephalization in 39 fully sequenced mammalian species and found a significant over-representation of GFS variations in line with increased encephalization in mammals. We found that this relationship is not accounted for by known correlates of brain size such as maximum lifespan or body size and is not explained by phylogenetic relatedness. Genes involved in chemotaxis, immune regulation and cell signalling-related functions are significantly over-represented among those gene families most highly correlated with encephalization. Genes within these families are prominently expressed in the human brain, particularly the cortex, and organized in co-expression modules that display distinct temporal patterns of expression in the developing cortex. Our results suggest that changes in GFS associated with encephalization represent an evolutionary response to the specific functional requirements underlying increased brain size in mammals.

scholarly journals Genome-wide evolutionary response of European oaks since the Little Ice Age

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dounia Saleh ◽  
Jun Chen ◽  
Jean-Charles Leple ◽  
Thibault Leroy ◽  
Laura Truffaut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Events ◽  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Allelic Frequency ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Evolutionary Response ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Frequency Changes ◽  
Linked Selection

The pace of tree microevolution during Anthropocene warming is largely unknown. We used a retrospective approach to monitor genomic changes in oak trees since the Little Ice Age (LIA). Allelic frequency changes were assessed from whole-genome pooled sequences for four age-structured cohorts of sessile oak (Quercus petraea) dating back to 1680, in each of three different oak forests in France. The genetic covariances of allelic frequency changes increased between successive time periods, highlighting genome-wide effects of linked selection. We found imprints of convergent linked selection in the three forests during the late LIA, and a shift of selection during more recent time periods. The changes in allelic covariances within and between forests mirrored the documented changes in the occurrence of extreme events (droughts and frosts) over the last three hundred years. The genomic regions with the highest covariances were enriched in genes involved in plant responses to pathogens and abiotic stresses (temperature and drought). These responses are consistent with the reported sequence of frost (or drought) and disease damage ultimately leading to the oak dieback after extreme events. Our results therefore provide evidence of selection operating on long-lived species during recent climatic changes.

Genome-wide screen in yeast to identify modulators of mutant SOD1 toxicity

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Ubmann ◽  
B Göricke ◽  
L Fichtner ◽  
I Panou ◽  
G.H Braus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mutant Sod1 ◽  
Genome Wide

Genome wide association study on memory in schizophrenia patients and unaffected probands

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
B Konte ◽  
I Giegling ◽  
AM Hartmann ◽  
H Konnerth ◽  
P Muglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Association Study ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Genome Wide
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