scholarly journals The Paleolithic in the Nihewan Basin, China: Evolutionary history of an Early to Late Pleistocene record in Eastern Asia

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi‐Xia Yang ◽  
Cheng‐Long Deng ◽  
Ri‐Xiang Zhu ◽  
Michael D. Petraglia
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
Nihewan Basin ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Evolutionary history of the Pectoral Sparrow Arremon taciturnus : evidence for diversification during the Late Pleistocene

Ibis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 162 (4) ◽  
pp. 1198-1210
Author(s):  
Carina Carneiro de Melo Moura ◽  
Alexandre M. Fernandes ◽  
Alexandre Aleixo ◽  
Helder Farias Pereira de Araújo ◽  
Erich de Freitas Mariano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Long evolutionary history of an emerging fungal pathogen of diverse tree species in eastern Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Kozhar ◽  
Mee-Sook Kim ◽  
Jorge Ibarra Caballero ◽  
Ned Klopfenstein ◽  
Phil Cannon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Supervised Machine Learning ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Recent Emergence ◽  
History Of

Emerging plant pathogens have been increasing exponentially over the last century. To address this issue, it is critical to determine whether these pathogens are native to ecosystems or have been recently introduced. Understanding the ecological and evolutionary processes fostering emergence can help to manage their spread and predict epidemics/epiphytotics. Using restriction site-associated DNA sequencing data, we studied genetic relationships, pathways of spread, and evolutionary history of Phellinus noxius, an emerging root-rotting fungus of unknown origin, in eastern Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands. We analyzed patterns of genetic variation using Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood phylogeny, populations splits and mixtures measuring correlations in allele frequencies and genetic drift, and finally applied coalescent based theory using Approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) with supervised machine learning. Population structure analyses revealed five genetic groups with signatures of complex recent and ancient migration histories. The most probable scenario of ancient pathogen spread is movement from ghost population to Malaysia and the Pacific Islands, with subsequent spread to Taiwan and Australia. Furthermore, ABC analyses indicate that P. noxius spread occurred thousands of generations ago, contradicting previous assumptions that this pathogen was recently introduced to multiple geographic regions. Our results suggest that recent emergence of P. noxius in eastern Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands is likely driven by anthropogenic and natural disturbances, such as deforestation, land-use change, severe weather events, and/or introduction of exotic plants. This study provides a novel example of applying genome-wide allele frequency data to unravel dynamics of pathogen emergence under changing ecosystem conditions.

scholarly journals The use of paleoclimatic simulations to refine the environmental and chronological context of archaeological/paleontological sites

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Léa Terray ◽  
Masa Kageyama ◽  
Emmanuelle Stoetzel ◽  
Eslem Ben Arous ◽  
Raphaël Cornette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Faunal Assemblages ◽  
Climatic Variations ◽  
Strong Potential ◽  
Isotopic Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dating Method

Abstract. To reconstruct the paleoenvironmental and chronological context of archaeological/paleontological sites is a key step to understand the evolutionary history of past organisms. Commonly used method to infer paleoenvironments rely on varied proxies such as faunal assemblages and isotopes. However, those proxies often show some inconsistencies. Regarding estimated ages of stratigraphic layers, they can vary depending on the dating method used. In this paper, we tested the potential of paleoclimate simulations to address this issue and contribute to the description of the environmental and chronological context of archaeological/paleontological sites. We produced a set of paleoclimate simulations corresponding to the stratigraphy of a Late-Pleistocene Holocene site, El Harhoura 2 (Morocco), and compared the climatic sequence described by these simulations to environmental inferences made from isotopes and faunal assemblages. Our results showed that in the studied site combined US-ESR ages were much more congruent with paleoenvironmental inferences than OSL ages. In addition, climatic variations were found to be more consistent with isotopic studies than faunal assemblages, allowing us to discuss unresolved discrepancies to date. This study illustrates the strong potential of our approach to refine the paleoenvironmental and chronological context of archaeological and paleontological sites.

Ancient DNA Clarifies the Evolutionary History of American Late Pleistocene Equids

2008 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 533-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludovic Orlando ◽  
Dean Male ◽  
Maria Teresa Alberdi ◽  
Jose Luis Prado ◽  
Alfredo Prieto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Ancient Dna ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Ancient DNA of northern China Hystricidae sub-fossils reveals the evolutionary history of old world porcupines in the Late Pleistocene

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilian Sheng ◽  
Jiaming Hu ◽  
Haowen Tong ◽  
Bastien Llamas ◽  
Junxia Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Ancient Dna ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Old World ◽  
History Of

Water vole Microtus richardsoni (Mammalia, Rodentia) from the Late Pleistocene of Alberta

1982 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 628-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Rocky Mountains ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Water Vole ◽  
History Of

A Late Pleistocene specimen of the water vole has been recovered from a cave in the Rocky Mountains of southwestern Alberta. Pleistocene records for this species are rare and this specimen is probably the oldest known. The evolutionary history of Microtus richardsoni, although yet uncertain, is tentatively discussed. Information is gained concerning the paleoenvironment of southwestern Alberta during late(?) mid-Wisconsinan time.

scholarly journals Ancient mitochondrial genomes from Chinese cave hyenas provide insights into the evolutionary history of the genus Crocuta

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1943) ◽  
pp. 20202934
Author(s):  
Jiaming Hu ◽  
Michael V. Westbury ◽  
Junxia Yuan ◽  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
Shungang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomes ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Spotted Hyenas ◽  
History Of ◽  
Close Relatives

Cave hyenas (genus Crocuta ) are extinct bone-cracking carnivores from the family Hyaenidae and are generally split into two taxa that correspond to a European/Eurasian and an (East) Asian lineage. They are close relatives of the extant African spotted hyenas, the only extant member of the genus Crocuta . Cave hyenas inhabited a wide range across Eurasia during the Pleistocene, but became extinct at the end of the Late Pleistocene. Using genetic and genomic datasets, previous studies have proposed different scenarios about the evolutionary history of Crocuta. However, causes of the extinction of cave hyenas are widely speculative and samples from China are severely understudied. In this study, we assembled near-complete mitochondrial genomes from two cave hyenas from northeastern China dating to 20 240 and 20 253 calBP, representing the youngest directly dated fossils of Crocuta in Asia. Phylogenetic analyses suggest a monophyletic clade of these two samples within a deeply diverging mitochondrial haplogroup of Crocuta . Bayesian analyses suggest that the split of this Asian cave hyena mitochondrial lineage from their European and African relatives occurred approximately 1.85 Ma (95% CI 1.62–2.09 Ma), which is broadly concordant with the earliest Eurasian Crocuta fossil dating to approximately 2 Ma. Comparisons of mean genetic distance indicate that cave hyenas harboured higher genetic diversity than extant spotted hyenas, brown hyenas and aardwolves, but this is probably at least partially due to the fact that their mitochondrial lineages do not represent a monophyletic group, although this is also true for extant spotted hyenas. Moreover, the joint female effective population size of Crocuta (both cave hyenas and extant spotted hyenas) has sustained two declines during the Late Pleistocene. Combining this mitochondrial phylogeny, previous nuclear findings and fossil records, we discuss the possible relationship of fossil Crocuta in China and the extinction of cave hyenas.

Systematics, Mycogeography, and Evolutionary History of Tylopilus subg. Roseoscarbra in Australia Elucidated by comparison with Asian and American Species

1993 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
CB Wolfe ◽  
NL Bougher
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Pleistocene Glaciations ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
History Of

The discovery of specimens of Tylopilus subg. Roseoscarbra in Australia prompted a comparative study of similar specimens from China, Japan, Costa Rica, and Eastern North America. The subgenus apparently originated in Laurasia. Populations of the subgenus migrated southwards from eastern Asia with their ectomycorrhizal hosts during Miocene/Pleistocene glaciations and subsequently adapted to different hosts in north-eastern Australia. The divergence in Australia is recognised in the new species: T. subchromapes, T. palumanus, T. queenslandianus, and T. propriorichromapes. Northern hemisphere populations disjuncted by the formation of the Atlantic Ocean are now recognised as new species in China — T. chlorinosmus, T. chromoreticulatus, and T. pinophilus — and in Japan, T. hongoi. During Pleistocene glaciation North American populations may have diverged in North and Central America that are recognised in Central America as T. cartagoensis and in North America as T. chromapes.

scholarly journals Rediscovering Lutra lutra from Grotta Romanelli (southern Italy) in the framework of the puzzling evolutionary history of Eurasian otter

PalZ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beniamino Mecozzi ◽  
Alessio Iannucci ◽  
Fabio Bona ◽  
Ilaria Mazzini ◽  
Pierluigi Pieruccini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Lutra Lutra ◽  
Multidisciplinary Research ◽  
Historical Collections ◽  
Eurasian Otter ◽  
History Of ◽  
Early Late ◽  
Late Middle Pleistocene

AbstractA river otter hemimandible has been rediscovered during the revision of the historical collections of G.A. Blanc from Grotta Romanelli, complementing the ongoing multidisciplinary research fieldwork on the site. The specimen, recovered from the level G (“terre rosse”; early Late Pleistocene or late Middle Pleistocene), is here assigned to Lutra lutra. Indeed, morphological and morphometric comparisons with other Quaternary Lutrinae fossils from Europe allow to exclude an attribution to the relatively widespread and older Lutra simplicidens, characterized by distinctive carnassial proportions. Differences with Cyrnaonyx antiqua, which possessed a more robust, shellfish-feeding dentition, support the view of a successful niche repartition between the two species during the late Middle to Late Pleistocene of Europe. The occurrence of Lutra lutra from the “terre rosse” of Grotta Romanelli suggests deep modifications of the landscapes due to the ecological adaptation of the taxon, and indicates that the Eurasian otter spread into Europe at the Middle–Late Pleistocene transition.

The wolf from Grotta Romanelli (Apulia, Italy) and its implications in the evolutionary history of Canis lupus in the Late Pleistocene of Southern Italy

2014 ◽  
Vol 328-329 ◽  
pp. 179-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaele Sardella ◽  
Davide Bertè ◽  
Dawid Adam Iurino ◽  
Marco Cherin ◽  
Antonio Tagliacozzo
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
History Of
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