Rain attenuation of millimetre wave above 10 GHz for terrestrial links in tropical regions

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. e3450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibraheem Shayea ◽  
Tharek Abd. Rahman ◽  
Marwan Hadri Azmi ◽  
Arsany Arsad
Keyword(s):  
Rain Attenuation ◽  
Millimetre Wave ◽  
Tropical Regions

scholarly journals Rain attenuation statistics over 5G millimetre wave links in Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Ghanim ◽  
Manhal Alhilali ◽  
Jafri Din ◽  
Hong Yin Lam
Keyword(s):  
Path Length ◽  
Rain Rate ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Wireless Systems ◽  
Rain Attenuation ◽  
Wave Band ◽  
Short Path Length ◽  
Millimetre Wave ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Major Disadvantage

<p>Millimetre wave band is a solid contender to be utilized for the future 5G wireless systems deployment. Rain-induced attenuation is a major disadvantage at these frequencies. This paper presents statistics of rain-induced attenuation and rainfall data for two years of horizontally polarized links propagating at 38 GHz and 26 GHz over a terrestrial path link of 301 meters. From the analysed datasets, a rain rate around 116 mm/h exceeded at 0.01% of the time of an average year, while the links recorded 16 and 9.5 dB at the same percentage of time for 38 and 26 GHz respectively. The study aims to identify the prediction model that deliver most reasonable predictions for 5G links operating in Malaysian tropical climate. ITU-R P.530-17, Mello’s, and Ghiani’s models were all examined. Using ITU-R model, relative error margins of around 3.8%, 30% and 49.7% alongside 22.3, 9.5, 33% were obtained in 0.1%, 0.01% and 0.001% of the time for 26 and 38 GHz respectively.  Curiously, ITU-R model demonstrates better predictions to measured rain attenuation with lower error probability. This study highlights the need for new prediction models for short path-length 5G links and helps to improve the design of terrestrial links operating at millimetre wave frequencies in tropical regions.</p>

scholarly journals Analysis of rain fade slope for terrestrial links

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 896
Author(s):  
Jalel Chebil ◽  
Al-Hareth Zyoud ◽  
Mohamed Hadi Habaebi ◽  
Islam Md. Rafiqul ◽  
Hassan Dao
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Rain Attenuation ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Tropical Regions

<p><span>Rainfall can cause severe degradation to the operation of microwave links working with frequencies above 10 GHz. Many studies have investigated this problem, and one of the factors that attract the attention of researcher is rain fade slope which is the rate of change of rain attenuation.</span><span> The focus of this study is on rain fade slope for terrestrial links and it is </span><span>based on measurement conducted in Malaysia</span><span>.</span><span> This paper investigates the characteristics of the measured rain fade slope distribution </span><span>for various attenuation levels</span><span>. Then, </span><span>the ITU-R model for rain fade slope is compared with the corresponding statistics obtained from the measured data. Significant discrepancies have been observed since the ITU-R prediction model does not fit the measured fade slope distribution for many attenuation levels. It is recommended to modify the expression of the standard deviation in the ITU-R model when implemented in tropical regions.</span></p>

Rain Rate and Rain Attenuation Over Millimeter Waves in Tropical Regions Based on Real Measurements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waheeb Tashan ◽  
Ibraheem Shayea ◽  
Sultan Aldirmaz-Colak ◽  
Tharek Abdul Rahman ◽  
Ayman A. El-Saleh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Millimeter Waves ◽  
Rain Rate ◽  
Rain Attenuation ◽  
Tropical Regions

Investigation of HAPs Propagation Channel for Wireless Access in a Tropical Region at Ka-Band

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1204
Author(s):  
Felix Obite ◽  
Jafri Din ◽  
Kamaludin Mohammad Yusof ◽  
Basliza M. Noor
Keyword(s):  
Fading Channels ◽  
Channel Model ◽  
Rain Attenuation ◽  
Wireless Access ◽  
Rician Fading ◽  
Communication Link ◽  
Propagation Channel ◽  
Ka Band ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Budget Analysis

<p>In the last few years, High Altitude Platforms (HAPs) have attracted considerable effort due to their ability to exploit the advantages of satellite and terrestrial-based systems. Rain attenuation is the most dominant atmospheric impairment, especially at such frequency band. This paper addresses the modelling of rain attenuation and describes a propagation channel model for HAPs at Ka-band to provide efficient and robust wireless access for tropical regions. The attenuation due to rain is modeled based on three years measured data for Johor Bahru to estimate the actual effect of rain on signals at Ka band. The radio propagation channel is usually characterized as a random multipath channel. Specifically, a statistical derivation of probability distribution function for Rayleigh and Rician fading channels are presented. The model consists of multiple path scattering effects, time dispersion, and Doppler shifts acting on the HAPs communication link. Simulation results represent the fading signal level variations. Results show perfect agreement between simulation and theoretical, thereby conforming to the multipath structures. The information obtained will be useful to system engineers for HAPs link budget analysis in order to obtain the required fade margin for optimal system performance in tropical regions.</p>

Analysis of Selected Earth-Space Rain Attenuation Models for a Tropical Station

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 383 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. O. Yussuff
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Models ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Rain Attenuation ◽  
Propagation Path ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Earth Space ◽  
Budget Analysis ◽  
Link Budget ◽  
Attenuation Models

The restrained use of millimeter bands is due to severe rain attenuation. Attenuation is caused when rain cells intersects radio wave’s propagation path; resulting in deep fades. The effect of rainfall is more severe in tropical regions characterized by heavy rainfall intensity and large raindrops; hence, rain attenuation analyses are essential to study rain fade characteristics for use in earth-space link budget analysis, for outage prediction resulting from rain attenuation. Tropical regions are particularly challenged with signal outage, necessitating the formulation and development of suitable prediction model(s) for the region. Therefore, extensive knowledge of the propagation phenomena mitigating system availability and signal quality in these bands are required. Daily rainfall data were collected from the Nigerian Meteorological Services for Lagos for spanning January to December 2010. Results showed that although, the ITU-R model out-performed the other prediction models under consideration, none of prediction models matched the measurement data.

scholarly journals Prediction of Rain Attenuation and Impact of Rain in Wave Propagation at Microwave Frequency for Tropical Region (Uttarakhand, India)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukesh Chandra Kestwal ◽  
Sumit Joshi ◽  
Lalit Singh Garia
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Frequency ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
Rain Attenuation ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Site Visit ◽  
Classical Approach ◽  
Atmospheric Attenuation ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Attenuation Level ◽  
Rainfall Attenuation

The most classical approach of determining rain attenuation for radio-wave frequency has been to theoretically determine the specific attenuation. At frequency over 10 GHz, rain and precipitation can influence the attenuation a lot; the effect of atmospheric attenuation between the source and destination over wireless communication is of major concern and a proper site visit and proper method are required to control the attenuation level so that the performance can be increased. In this paper exponential model has been used to determine the attenuation level for k-region (India) which can be used for region having similar condition. The analyzed predicted attenuation data have been compared with ITU-R measured rain attenuation, and the results will provide useful estimation of rainfall attenuation on microwave links in tropical regions that have similar conditions as (Almora) Uttarakhand region.

Comparison of measured rain attenuation and ITU-R predictions on experimental microwave links in Malaysia

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amuda Yusuf Abdulrahman ◽  
Tharek bin Abdulrahman ◽  
Sharul Kamal bin Abdulrahim ◽  
Ulaganathen Kesavan
Keyword(s):  
Cumulative Distribution Function ◽  
Rain Rate ◽  
Rain Attenuation ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Cumulative Distribution ◽  
Rain Gauge Data ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
International Telecommunication ◽  
Rain Rates ◽  
Rainfall Attenuation

This paper presents the results of direct rain attenuation measurements carried out on four experimental microwave links, installed at UTM, Malaysia. The links operate at frequencies of 15, 22, 26, and 38 GHz and the cumulative distribution function for different rain rates have been generated from the measured 4-year rain gauge data. The experimentally measured attenuation data have been compared with International Telecommunication Unior-R rain attenuation predictions; and it has been found that the latter have underestimated the measured values, especially at higher rain rates. The deviations have been modeled as a function of rain rate exceedances R%p. It is hoped that the study will provide useful information for estimation of rainfall attenuation on microwave links in tropical regions that have similar situation to Malaysia.

Rain attenuation measurements for short-range millimetre-wave radio link

2006 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Joshi ◽  
S. Sancheti ◽  
A. Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Short Range ◽  
Rain Attenuation ◽  
Radio Link ◽  
Millimetre Wave ◽  
Wave Radio
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