Variation in cadmium uptake, feeding rate, and life-history effects in the gastropodPotamopyrgus antipodarum: Linking toxicant effects on individuals to the population level

2001 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 2503-2513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Jensen ◽  
Valery E. Forbes ◽  
E. Davis Parker
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Cadmium Uptake ◽  
History Effects

scholarly journals Phenotypic plasticity of labile traits in the wild

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon E. Brommer
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Quantitative Genetic ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Quantitative Genetic Parameters

Abstract Individual-based studies allow quantification of phenotypic plasticity in behavioural, life-history and other labile traits. The study of phenotypic plasticity in the wild can shed new light on the ultimate objectives (1) whether plasticity itself can evolve or is constrained by its genetic architecture, and (2) whether plasticity is associated to other traits, including fitness (selection). I describe the main statistical approach for how repeated records of individuals and a description of the environment (E) allow quantification of variation in plasticity across individuals (IxE) and genotypes (GxE) in wild populations. Based on a literature review of life-history and behavioural studies on plasticity in the wild, I discuss the present state of the two objectives listed above. Few studies have quantified GxE of labile traits in wild populations, and it is likely that power to detect statistically significant GxE is lacking. Apart from the issue of whether it is heritable, plasticity tends to correlate with average trait expression (not fully supported by the few genetic estimates available) and may thus be evolutionary constrained in this way. Individual-specific estimates of plasticity tend to be related to other traits of the individual (including fitness), but these analyses may be anti-conservative because they predominantly concern stats-on-stats. Despite the increased interest in plasticity in wild populations, the putative lack of power to detect GxE in such populations hinders achieving general insights. I discuss possible steps to invigorate the field by moving away from simply testing for presence of GxE to analyses that ‘scale up’ to population level processes and by the development of new behavioural theory to identify quantitative genetic parameters which can be estimated.

Delayed life history effects, multilevel selection, and evolutionary trade-offs in the California tiger salamander

Ecology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher A. Searcy ◽  
Levi N. Gray ◽  
Peter C. Trenham ◽  
H. Bradley Shaffer
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Multilevel Selection ◽  
Tiger Salamander ◽  
History Effects ◽  
Trade Offs

scholarly journals Intraspecific phenotypic variation in life history traits ofDaphnia galeatapopulations in response to fish kairomones

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verena Tams ◽  
Jennifer Lüneburg ◽  
Laura Seddar ◽  
Jan-Phillip Detampel ◽  
Mathilde Cordellier
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Fish Kairomones ◽  
Geometric Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Clonal Lines

Phenotypic plasticity is the ability of a genotype to produce different phenotypes depending on the environment. It has an influence on the adaptive potential to environmental change and the capability to adapt locally. Adaptation to environmental change happens at the population level, thereby contributing to genotypic and phenotypic variation within a species. Predation is an important ecological factor structuring communities and maintaining species diversity. Prey developed different strategies to reduce their vulnerability to predators by changing their behaviour, their morphology or their life history. Predator-induced life history responses inDaphniahave been investigated for decades, but intra-and inter-population variability was rarely addressed explicitly. We addressed this issue by conducting a common garden experiment with 24 clonal lines of EuropeanDaphnia galeataoriginating from four populations, each represented by six clonal lines. We recorded life history traits in the absence and presence of fish kairomones. Additionally, we looked at the shape of experimental individuals by conducting a geometric morphometric analysis, thus assessing predator-induced morphometric changes. Our data revealed high intraspecific phenotypic variation within and between fourD. galeatapopulations, the potential to locally adapt to a vertebrate predator regime as well as an effect of the fish kairomones on morphology ofD. galeata.

Aggregation Status and Cue Type Modify Tadpole Response to Chemical Cues

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devin B. Preston ◽  
M. R. J. Forstner
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Chemical Cues ◽  
Response Strength ◽  
Population Viability ◽  
Antipredator Response ◽  
History Effects ◽  
Honestly Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Reduced Activity

Abstract Many anuran larvae exhibit an antipredator response to chemical cues released by potential predators. The genus Bufo is no exception, as many bufonids exhibit an antipredator response (e.g., reduction in activity) to the presence (recent and current) of predators. Using a mesocosm experiment in a field laboratory setting, we tested solo and groups of Bufo (Incilius) nebulifer tadpoles for an antipredator response to chemical cues produced by 1) the presence of anisopteran nymphs (kairomone cue) and 2) the predation of conspecifics by anisopteran nymphs (a combination of diet and alarm cues, which we termed predation cue). We quantified the magnitude of the response by calculating response strength. We analyzed data with a blocked ANOVA followed by a Tukey's honestly significant difference analysis. We found that chemical cue type (kairomone vs. predation) affected response strength, but aggregation status (solo vs. group) did not. Furthermore, solo tadpoles and groups of tadpoles reduced their activity in response to predation cues, whereas only solo tadpoles reduced their activity in response to kairomone cues, a heretofore unobserved phenomenon. Our results suggest that B. nebulifer tadpoles modulate their response to specific types of chemical cues depending on their aggregation status. As reduced activity comes at a cost to resource acquisition and growth, aggregation status may indirectly affect the life history of B. nebulifer. The elucidation of these potential life history effects may aid managers in estimating anuran population viability.

Mysid Life History and Seasonal Variation in Predation Pressure on Zooplankton

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 1968-1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Murtaugh
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Predation Intensity ◽  
Lake Washington ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relative Vulnerability

The bivoltine life history of Neomysis mercedis in Lake Washington, Seattle, results in seasonal variation in population size structure that influences the amount and quality of predation suffered by its zooplankton prey. Population densities and size–frequency data for Neomysis are combined with information on the influence of body size on feeding rate and composition of the diet to predict relative predation intensity on five size classes of Daphnia over a 27-mo period. An imperfect relationship between mysid numbers and expected predation intensity and seasonal fluctuations in the relative vulnerability of different-sized prey are two consequences of the mysid's pattern of life history.

Diversity in immature-shark communities along a tropical coastline

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Yates ◽  
Michelle R. Heupel ◽  
Andrew J. Tobin ◽  
Stephen K. Moore ◽  
Colin A. Simpfendorfer
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Spatial Ecology ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Life History Stage ◽  
Shark Species ◽  
Life History Stages ◽  
Young Of The Year ◽  
Effective Conservation

Effective conservation and management of shark populations is complicated by our limited understanding of their spatial ecology. For example, there are scarce data on diversity in community structure and nursery function across broader geographic scales (e.g. across multiple inshore systems) and the implications of this diversity for shark populations. Accordingly, fishery-independent surveys were undertaken to investigate shark communities along ~400km of the tropical eastern coast of Australia (18.1–20.6°S, 146.0–148.8°E). A variety of shark species were encountered, with 19 species of Carcharhiniformes contributing 99.2% of the total shark catch. Of the 1806 sharks captured, 567 were immature, including 336 young-of-the-year individuals. Immature sharks from 18 species were present; however, interspecific variation in the proportions of life-history stages was apparent. Multivariate analyses identified significant spatial heterogeneity in immature-shark communities. Results also highlighted the importance of tropical coastal habitats for numerous shark species, and indicated community-wide spatial structuring of sharks on the basis of body size rather than life-history stage. In addition to building on traditional shark-nursery paradigms, these results demonstrated that data on nursery function from restricted areas may not accurately portray patterns occurring over broader geographic scales, and this diversity may provide population-level benefits for sharks.

Phenotypic plasticity in gender specific life-history: effects of food availability and predation

Oikos ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Johannes Mikolajewski ◽  
Tomas Brodin ◽  
Frank Johansson ◽  
Gerrit Joop
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
History Effects ◽  
Gender Specific

Energetic endpoints provide early indicators of life history effects in a freshwater gastropod exposed to the fungicide, pyraclostrobin

2016 ◽  
Vol 211 ◽  
pp. 183-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridgette N. Fidder ◽  
Evelyn G. Reátegui-Zirena ◽  
Adric D. Olson ◽  
Christopher J. Salice
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
History Effects ◽  
Freshwater Gastropod ◽  
Early Indicators
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