Phytotoxicity of chlorinated aliphatics to hybrid poplar (Populus deltoides × nigraDN34)

2001 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette C Dietz ◽  
Jerald L. Schnoor
Keyword(s):  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Chlorinated Aliphatics

Bt-Cry3Aa transgene expression reduces insect damage and improves growth in field-grown hybrid poplar

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy L. Klocko ◽  
Richard Meilan ◽  
Rosalind R. James ◽  
Venkatesh Viswanath ◽  
Cathleen Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Insect Damage ◽  
Beetle Damage

The stability and value of transgenic pest resistance for promoting tree growth are poorly understood. These data are essential for determining if such trees could be beneficial to commercial growers in the face of substantial regulatory and marketing costs. We investigated growth and insect resistance in hybrid poplar expressing the cry3Aa transgene in two field trials. An initial screening of 502 trees comprising 51 transgenic gene insertion events in four clonal backgrounds (Populus trichocarpa × Populus deltoides, clones 24-305, 50-197, and 198-434; and P. deltoides × Populus nigra, clone OP-367) resulted in transgenic trees with greatly reduced insect damage. A large-scale study of 402 trees from nine insertion events in clone OP-367, conducted over two growing seasons, demonstrated reduced tree damage and significantly increased volume growth (mean 14%). Quantification of Cry3Aa protein indicated high levels of expression, which continued after 14 years of annual or biannual coppice in a clone bank. With integrated management, the cry3Aa gene appears to be a highly effective tool for protecting against leaf beetle damage and improving yields from poplar plantations.

scholarly journals Soil respiration and net ecosystem productivity in a chronosequence of hybrid poplar plantations

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-502
Author(s):  
Scott X. Chang ◽  
Zheng Shi ◽  
Barb R. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Net Ecosystem Productivity ◽  
Ecosystem Productivity ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
C Dynamics ◽  
Woody Crop

Forest stand age can affect ecosystem carbon (C) cycling and net ecosystem productivity (NEP). In Canada, establishment of short-rotation plantations on previously agricultural lands has been ongoing, but the effect of stand development on soil respiration (Rs) and NEP in such plantations is poorly understood. These types of data are essential for constraining ecosystem models that simulate C dynamics over the rotation of a plantation. We studied Rs (including autotrophic, Ra, and heterotrophic, Rh) and NEP in 2008 and 2009 in a chronosequence of 5-, 8-, 14-, and 16-yr-old (ages in 2009) hybrid poplar (Populus deltoides × Populus × petrowskyana var. Walker) plantations in northern Alberta. The highest Rs and NEP were generally found in the 14-yr-old stand. Seasonal variations in Rs were similar among the plantations, with most of the variation explained by soil temperature at the 10 cm depth in 2008 with far less explained in 2009, a much drier year. In diurnal measurements, hysteresis was found between soil respiration and soil temperature, with the patterns of hysteresis different among stand ages. Soil respiration in the 14-yr-old plantation had the greatest sensitivity to temperature changes. Stand age did not affect the Rh:Rs ratio, whereas the NEP exhibited strong inter-annual variability. We conclude that stand age was a major factor affecting Rs and NEP, and such effects should be considered in empirical models used to simulate ecosystem C dynamics to evaluate potentials for C sequestration and the C source–sink relationship in short-rotation woody crop systems.

Effluent effects on the nutrient concentrations and growth of reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) and hybrid poplar (Populus deltoides × P. Petrowskyana L.)

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
S J Patterson ◽  
D S Chanasyk ◽  
M A Naeth ◽  
E. Mapfumo
Keyword(s):  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Phalaris Arundinacea ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Reed Canarygrass ◽  
Kraft Pulp Mill ◽  
Pulp Mill Effluents

Using effluent as a source of irrigation water and to provide nutrients for plant growth is gaining favour as an environmentally positive practice instead of discharging effluent into surface water bodies. A growth chamber study was conducted to evaluate pulp mill wastewater as an irrigation source. This study evaluated the effects of water (TPW), municipal effluent (ME), and Kraft pulp mill effluent (KPME) and waste activated sludge (WAS) at rates of 1.5, 3, and 6 mm d-1 on available soil nutrients, nutrient uptake, and growth of reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) and hybrid poplar (Populus deltoides × P. petrowskyana L.). Increasing the application rate significantly increased biomass for both crops, but the KPME treatment significantly decreased leaf biomass of the hybrid poplar. Effluent applications did not result in toxic accumulations of nutrients within the analyzed tissues for either reed canarygrass or hybrid poplar. Only the WAS treatment significantly increased soil available concentrations of P, K, S, B, Mn, and Zn. Results of the study found lower irrigation rates of Kraft pulp mill effluents could be used as supplementary source and provide nutrients for reed canarygrass and hybrid poplar. Key words: Biomass, effluent irrigation, hybrid poplar, nutrient concentration, reed canarygrass

Morphological and physiological traits influencing biomass productivity in short-rotation coppice poplar

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1488-1498 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M Rae ◽  
K M Robinson ◽  
N R Street ◽  
G Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Short Rotation Coppice ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Short Rotation

Fast-growing hybrid poplar (Populus spp.) have potential as a short-rotation coppice crop grown for biomass energy. This work identifies traits for fast growth studied in an American interspecific pedigree derived from Populus trichocarpa Torr. & A. Gray × Populus deltoides Marsh. grown in the United Kingdom for the first time. The biomass yield after the first coppice rotation was estimated to range from 0.04 to 23.68 oven-dried t·ha–1·year–1. This great range suggests that genotypes from this pedigree may be used to understand the genetic basis of high yield in short-rotation coppice, which would be advantageous for informing breeding programs for biomass crops. Relationships between stem, leaf, cell traits, and biomass yield were investigated. Partial least-squares analysis was used to order the traits by importance. The traits most influential on biomass were maximum stem height throughout the growing season, basal diameter, number of stems, and number of sylleptic branches, which showed high heritability, indicating excellent potential for breeding programs. The leaf traits, leaf area, number of leaves on the leading stem, and plastochron index were also associated with an increase in biomass, leading to a better understanding of this trait.

scholarly journals Defining hybrid poplar (Populus deltoides × Populus trichocarpa) tolerance to ozone: identifying key parameters

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. RYAN ◽  
C. COJOCARIU ◽  
M. POSSELL ◽  
W. J. DAVIES ◽  
C. N. HEWITT
Keyword(s):  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Hybrid Poplar

Water relations, photosynthetic capacity, and root/shoot partitioning of photosynthate as determinants of productivity in hybrid poplar

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1689-1697 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Tschaplinski ◽  
T. J. Blake
Keyword(s):  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Unit Leaf ◽  
Vigorous Growth ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Causal Sequence

Physiological determinants of productivity, including net photosynthesis, root/shoot partitioning of photosynthate, and leaf retention were investigated for three Populus deltoides Bartr. × nigra L. (DN 2, DN 22, DN 15) and two P. balsamifera L. × deltoides Bartr. (Jackii 4, Jackii 7) hybrids. Performance of the different hybrids was compared under controlled greenhouse conditions and in the field. There was a 2.4-fold difference in biomass production between the faster growing DN 2 and the slower growing DN 15 after 100 days growth in the greenhouse, and a 1.5-fold difference after the 1st year's growth in the field. When coppice regrowth of the two Jackii hybrids was compared after 143 days under field conditions, the biomass production of Jackii 4 was 2.2 times that of Jackii 7 and net photosynthetic rate per unit leaf area was 50 % higher than that of Jackii 7 over most of the summer. Many physiological and morphological factors contributed to the more vigorous growth of coppice DN 2 and Jackii 4. These included vigorous initial root growth relative to shoot growth, the ability to maintain higher xylem pressure potentials, net photosynthetic rate, and transpiration rate. These factors may have delayed leaf senescence and late-season photosynthetic decline of older leaves until later in the growing season. The possible causal sequence of physiological events contributing to the difference in productivity and the use of these factors for the early selection of productive hybrids or genotypes are discussed.

scholarly journals Growth performance of hybrid poplar clones on two agricultural sites with and without early irrigation and fertilization

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil D. Nelson ◽  
Richard Meilan ◽  
William E. Berguson ◽  
Bernard G. McMahon ◽  
Meijun Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Genotype X Environment ◽  
Poplar Clones

Abstract Growth, clone rank, genotype x environment interaction, and effects of early fertilization and irrigation were evaluated for 56 hybrid poplar clones after three years’ growth on two agricultural sites in Indiana, USA. Forty-eight percent of the clones were Populus deltoides x P. nigra (DxN) crosses made with a female parent of Minnesota provenance, with the hybrids or female parent screened in Minnesota for survival, growth rate, and disease tolerance or resistance. Forty-one percent of the clones had at least one parent from provenances that are more southerly and/or have more moderate climates of provenance origin than Minnesota. Eleven percent of the clones were screened in Minnesota but were either not DXN crosses or did not have parents from Minnesota provenances in their parentage. Height growth averaged 1.78 m per year for all clones over all treatments and 2.02 m per year for the fastest- growing six clones (top 10th percentile). Tree bole volume for the fastest-growing 10 % of the clones was 70 % larger than the average of two commercial standard clones. The clonal effect was dominant in comparison to site, treatment, and interaction effects. The fertilizer, irrigation, and fertilizer x irrigation treatments tended to increase growth, but the statistical significance of the treatment effects differed by site, and the treatments explained only a small portion of the variance. Clone rank was the same on both sites, regardless of treatment, except for the fertilizer x irrigation treatment. DxN clones linked to Minnesota parentage out-performed most clones of more southerly or other more moderate climatic origins, in these tests conducted far south of Minnesota. The data provide further evidence of broad adaptability of DxN hybrids with female P. deltoides parents of Minnesota provenance, possibly eliminating the need for narrow breeding zones and reducing the number of screening tests needed at different latitudes, saving time and money. Tests are planned to further analyze and possibly extend this inference.

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