A weight-of-evidence approach for Northern river risk assessment: Integrating the effects of multiple stressors

2000 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 1182-1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Lowell ◽  
Joseph M. Culp ◽  
Monique G. Dubé
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Weight Of Evidence ◽  
Northern River

Uncertainties Associated with Assessing the Risk of an Endocrine Active Substance in the Canadian Environment

2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Servos ◽  
Don Bennie ◽  
Kent Burnison ◽  
Philippa Cureton ◽  
Nicol Davidson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Endocrine Disruption ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Problem Formulation ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Weight Of Evidence ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Multigenerational Effects

Abstract A number of biological responses and multigenerational effects, mediated through the disruption of endocrine systems, have been observed in biota exposed to relatively low concentrations of environmental contaminants. These types of responses need to be considered within a weight of evidence approach in our risk assessment and risk management frameworks. However, including endocrine responses in an environmental risk assessment introduces a number of uncertainties that must be considered. A risk assessment of nonylphenol and nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NP/NPE) is used as a case study to demonstrate the sources and magnitude of some of the uncertainties associated with using endocrine disruption as an assessment endpoint. Even with this relatively well studied group of substances, there are substantial knowledge gaps which contribute to the overall uncertainties, limiting the interpretation within the risk assessment. The uncertainty of extrapolating from in vitro or biochemical responses to higher levels of organization or across species is not well understood. The endocrine system is very complex and chemicals can interact or interfere with the normal function of endocrine systems in a number of ways (e.g., receptors, hormones) which may or may not result in an adverse responses in the whole organism. Using endocrine responses can lead to different conclusions than traditional endpoints due to a variety of factors, such as differences in relative potencies of chemicals for specific endpoints (e.g., receptor binding versus chronic toxicity). The uncertainties can also be considerably larger and the desirability of using endocrine endpoints should be carefully evaluated. Endocrine disruption is a mode of action and not a functional endpoint and this needs to be considered carefully in the problem formulation stage and the interpretation of the weight of evidence.

scholarly journals Cumulative Risks from Stressor Exposures and Personal Risk Factors in the Workplace: Examples from a Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5850
Author(s):  
Mary A. Fox ◽  
Richard Todd Niemeier ◽  
Naomi Hudson ◽  
Miriam R. Siegel ◽  
Gary Scott Dotson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Exposure Limits ◽  
Personal Risk ◽  
Personal Risk Factors

Protecting worker and public health involves an understanding of multiple determinants, including exposures to biological, chemical, or physical agents or stressors in combination with other determinants including type of employment, health status, and individual behaviors. This has been illustrated during the COVID-19 pandemic by increased exposure and health risks for essential workers and those with pre-existing conditions, and mask-wearing behavior. Health risk assessment practices for environmental and occupational health typically do not incorporate multiple stressors in combination with personal risk factors. While conceptual developments in cumulative risk assessment to inform a more holistic approach to these real-life conditions have progressed, gaps remain, and practical methods and applications are rare. This scoping review characterizes existing evidence of combined stressor exposures and personal factors and risk to foster methods for occupational cumulative risk assessment. The review found examples from many workplaces, such as manufacturing, offices, and health care; exposures to chemical, physical, and psychosocial stressors combined with modifiable and unmodifiable determinants of health; and outcomes including respiratory function and disease, cancers, cardio-metabolic diseases, and hearing loss, as well as increased fertility, menstrual dysfunction and worsened mental health. To protect workers, workplace exposures and modifiable and unmodifiable characteristics should be considered in risk assessment and management. Data on combination exposures can improve assessments and risk estimates and inform protective exposure limits and management strategies.

scholarly journals An Overview of the U.S. EPA Proposed Amendments to the Guidelines for the Health Assessment of Suspect Developmental Toxicants

1990 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole A. Kimmel ◽  
Gary L. Kimmel ◽  
Elaine Z. Francis ◽  
Laurence D. Chitlik
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Developmental Toxicity ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Weight Of Evidence ◽  
New Information ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The U.S

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has recently proposed amendments to the Guidelines for the Health Assessment of Suspect Developmental Toxicants. These amendments expand and clarify points made in the original guidelines, and add new information based on advances in the field. For example, the original risk assessment guidance was developed around several basic assumptions that were implicit in the earlier document, but that are clearly stated in the proposed amendments. Also, several consensus workshops were held following the completion of the 1986 guidelines, and the conclusions of these workshops have been incorporated. These include workshops dealing with the relationship of maternal and developmental toxicity, and with the development of an approach for a weight-of-evidence classification. In addition, a reference dose for developmental toxicity (RfDT) is proposed, based on short-term exposure, to distinguish it from the Rf D for chronic exposure. Other proposed changes include the expansion of the functional developmental toxicity section to reflect the Agency's testing guidelines for developmental neurotoxicity, and the human studies section which now gives more guidance on the use of human data in risk assessment. A number of other minor proposed changes are discussed. The final amended guidelines are currently undergoing Agency review and should be completed within the next year.

scholarly journals Hypothesis-based weight-of-evidence evaluation and risk assessment for naphthalene carcinogenesis

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A. Bailey ◽  
Marc A. Nascarella ◽  
Laura E. Kerper ◽  
Lorenz R. Rhomberg
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Weight Of Evidence ◽  
Evidence Evaluation

GIS-based ecological risk assessment for contaminated sites by fish farm effluents using a multicriteria weight of evidence approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 524-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Silva ◽  
Eleuterio Yáñez ◽  
María Laura Martín-Díaz ◽  
Tomás Angel DelValls
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Ecological Risk Assessment ◽  
Fish Farm ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
Weight Of Evidence
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document