Cholinesterase inhibition in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) and eastern bluebirds (Sialia sialis) exposed to organophosphorus insecticides in apple orchards in Ontario, Canada

1999 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 708-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil M. Burgess ◽  
Katherine A. Hunt ◽  
Christine Bishop ◽  
D. V. (Chip) Weseloh
Keyword(s):  
Tachycineta Bicolor ◽  
Cholinesterase Inhibition ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Tree Swallows ◽  
Organophosphorus Insecticides ◽  
Sialia Sialis ◽  
Eastern Bluebirds

Thyroid Function in Nestling Tree Swallows and Eastern Bluebirds Exposed to Non-Persistent Pesticides and p, p?-DDE in Apple Orchards of Southern Ontario, Canada

Ecotoxicology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory J. Mayne ◽  
Christine A. Bishop ◽  
Pamela A. Martin ◽  
Herman J. Boermans ◽  
Bruce Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Tree Swallows ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Eastern Bluebirds ◽  
Persistent Pesticides

The costs of reproduction in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor)

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2540-2547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel T. Wheelwright ◽  
Joanna Leary ◽  
Caragh Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Clutch Size ◽  
Brood Size ◽  
Life History Theory ◽  
Tachycineta Bicolor ◽  
Laying Date ◽  
Tree Swallows ◽  
Costs Of Reproduction ◽  
Return Rates ◽  
Trade Offs

We investigated the effect of brood size on nestling growth and survival, parental survival, and future fecundity in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) over a 4-year period (1987–1990) in an effort to understand whether reproductive trade-offs limit clutch size in birds. In addition to examining naturally varying brood sizes in a population on Kent Island, New Brunswick, Canada, we experimentally modified brood sizes, increasing or decreasing the reproductive burdens of females by two offspring. Unlike previous studies, broods of the same females were enlarged or reduced in up to 3 successive years in a search for evidence of cumulative costs of reproduction that might go undetected by a single brood manipulation. Neither observation nor experiment supported the existence of a trade-off between offspring quality and quantity, in contrast with the predictions of life-history theory. Nestling wing length, mass, and tarsus length were unrelated to brood size. Although differences between means were in the direction predicted, few differences were statistically significant, despite large sample sizes. Nestlings from small broods were no more likely to return as breeding adults than nestlings from large broods, but return rates of both groups were very low. Parental return rates were also independent of brood size, and there was no evidence of a negative effect of brood size on future fecundity (laying date, clutch size). Reproductive success, nestling size, and survival did not differ between treatments for females whose broods were manipulated in successive years. Within the range of brood sizes observed in this study, the life-history costs of feeding one or two additional nestlings in tree swallows appear to be slight and cannot explain observed clutch sizes. Costs not measured in this study, such as the production of eggs or postfledging parental care, may be more important in limiting clutch size in birds.

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