Identification of chloro-nitro-trifluoromethyl-substituted dibenzo-p-dioxins in lampricide formulations of 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol: Assessment to induce mixed function oxidase activity

1998 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 941-950
Author(s):  
L. Mark Hewitt ◽  
John H. Carey ◽  
Kelly R. Munkittrick ◽  
Joanne L. Parrott ◽  
Keith R. Solomon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Mixed Function Oxidase ◽  
Mixed Function Oxidase Activity

PYRETHROID RESISTANCE IN PEAR PSYLLA, PSYLLA PYRICOLA FOERSTER (HOMOPTERA: PSYLLIDAE), AND SYNERGISM OF PYRETHROIDS WITH PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE

1989 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Everett C. Burts ◽  
Hugo E. van de Baan ◽  
Brian A. Croft
Keyword(s):  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Cyano Group ◽  
Piperonyl Butoxide ◽  
Mixed Function Oxidase ◽  
Pear Psylla ◽  
Mixed Function Oxidase Activity

AbstractAdult pear psylla, Psylla pyricola Foerster, from commercial pear orchards near Wenatchee, WA, were tested using a slide-dip technique for susceptibility to fenvalerate over a 5-year period from 1984 to 1988. Results were compared with those from similar tests using psyllids from an unexposed population near Corvallis, OR. During 5 years, resistance of adults to fenvalerate increased by 16- to 32-fold at Wenatchee while that of the Corvallis population did not change. In 1988, tests with five pyrethroids and pyrethroid – piperonyl butoxide combinations indicated that pear psylla adults also were resistant to permethrin and flucythrinate but not to fenpropathrin or cyfluthrin which contain a cyano group that reduces their susceptibility to oxidase metabolism. Piperonyl butoxide synergism was proportional to the level of resistance, indicating that resistance is probably due to increased mixed function oxidase activity. Implications of this study to control of post-diapause winter form adults in commercial pear orchards is discussed.

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