Predicting chronic lethality of chemicals to fishes from acute toxicity test data: Multifactor probit analysis

1995 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunhee Lee ◽  
Mark R. Ellersieck ◽  
Foster L. Mayer ◽  
Gary F. Krause
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Test Data ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test

scholarly journals Evaluation on Toxicity Level of Terminalia catappa Leaves Extract on Selected Cyprinids under Different Bath Concentrations

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emi Fazlina Hashim ◽  
Irence John ◽  
Intan Faraha A Ghani ◽  
Mohammad Noor Amal Azmai
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Terminalia Catappa ◽  
Cyprinid Species ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus

This study aimed to determine the lethal concentration (LC50) of Terminalia catappa leaves extract on three cyprinid species; carp (Cyprinus carpio), goldfish (Carassius auratus) and tiger barb (Puntigrus tetrazona) through the acute toxicity test. The leaves of T. catappa were extracted with methanol and prepared in various immersion concentrations (40, 80, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, and 350 mg/L). These extracts were immersed in the aquarium and left for 24 h before performing the acute toxicity test. The water quality was also analyzed before and after adding the extract immersions into the aquarium. The acute toxicity test conducted for 96 h with 10 fishes of each cyprinid species (4.0-6.0 cm length) in 30 L water capacity aquarium. The mortality of each cyprinid species was recorded at 24 h time interval and LC50 of the extracts throughout 96 hours was determined through the probit analysis application. Specifically, the LC50 of T. catappa leaves extract were 349.89, 338.65 and 318.48 mg/L exhibited for carp, goldfish and tiger barb, respectively. A high concentration range of any plant-based extract has the potential to become toxic to particular fishes. Thus, it is an effort from this study to identify the safety margin of T. catappa leaves extract before its therapeutic values can be further manipulated and elucidated in aquaculture research.

Acute Toxicity Investigation of Landfill Leachates Treated with Fine Bubbles

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 55-65
Author(s):  
Hikmat Kasmara ◽  
Desti Pratiwi ◽  
Sundoro Yoga Azhary ◽  
Eko Sulistyo ◽  
Camellia Panatarani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Landfill Leachates ◽  
Leachate Treatment ◽  
Fine Bubble ◽  
Before And After

Landfill Leachates is one of the pollutants containing high organic matter and heavy metal which can cause toxic pollution to water due to less than optimal leachate processing. This study aims to introduce fine bubbles treatment to the leachate processing technology at the waste treatment facility at Sarimukti, West Java Indonesia. The toxicity test was conducted in the acute toxicity test and test for D. magna. The acute toxicity test was carried out using a static biological test according to APHA standards (1995). The LC50-48 hours ware calculates using the Finney Probit Analysis Software. The results showed that the effectiveness of Sarimukti TPA leachate treatment was 97.5% DO, 71% BOD, 86% TDS, and 74.8% turbidity. The XRF spectra on the leachate after fine bubble found a recovery of heavy metal elements such as Cr, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb, As, and Sn. Based on the Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation, the effectiveness of leachate processing has reached the safe standard limit for pH, mercury, cadmium parameters. The acute toxicity of leachate before and after treatment fine bubble was 14.516 ppm and 11.178 ppm. The acute toxicity of leachate is considered almost non-toxic.

scholarly journals The use of mice as animal model for testing acute toxicity (LD-50) of toxic shock syndrome toxin

2009 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.S. Dias ◽  
L.S. Carmo ◽  
L.G.D. Heneine ◽  
P.H. Rocha ◽  
C.F. Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Confidence Limits ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Swiss Mice ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin

Acute toxicity test (LD-50) using toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1) was tested in BALB/c, C57BL/6 and Swiss mice. Animals (n = 10) were intraperitoneally injected with TSST-1 (0.01-10.0µg/mouse) followed 4h later by potentiating dose of lipopolysaccharide (75.0µg of LPS - E. coli O111:B4) and cumulative mortality was recorded over 72h. Control animals received either TSST-1 or LPS alone. The data were submitted to qui-Square test and acute toxicity test was calculated by probit analysis (confidence limits expressed as µg toxin/kg). BALB/c mice was the most sensitive (20.0µg/kg, 95% confidence limits: 9.0-92.0) followed by C57BL/6 (38.5µg/kg, 95% confidence limits: 9.11- 401.6). Data from Swiss mice was not conclusive, indicating only low sensitivity. Selection of the animal model and standardization of the experiment are fundamental for the development of serum neutralization tests used for final quality control of vaccine production.

scholarly journals Acute toxicity test of carbamate insecticide on common carp, Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Cathrine Ferlianova Leuwol ◽  
Djamar Tumpal Floranthus Lumban Batu ◽  
Ridwan Affandi
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Carbamate Insecticide ◽  
Toxic Pollutant

Carbamate is a highly toxic pollutant for animal, even though this insecticide is biodegradable in nature and in the food chain. The purpose of this research was to find the LC50-96 of carbamate insecticide (Marshall 200 EC) on test organism. The test organism used common carps (Cyprinus carpio L.) with 6-8 cm of length and 5,5-9 g of weight. This study used an experimental method by divided into two steps i.e. preliminary test and acute toxicity (LC50-96) tests.  Preliminary test was done without repetition and twice repetition for acute toxicity. Acute toxicity test data were analyzed by probit analysis. The result showed that LC50-96of carbamate insecticide (Marshal 200 EC) on Cyprinus carpio L. was 1,68 mgL-1.AbstrakPestisida golongan karbamat merupakan sumber pencemar yang sangat toksik bagi hewan, meskipun insektisida go-longan karbamat ini mudah terurai di alam baik pada media air maupun pada organisme dalam rantai makanan. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah mengukur nilai LC50-96 insektisida karbamat (Marshal 200 EC) terhadap hewan uji. Hewan uji yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio L.) dengan panjang 6-8 cm dan bobot 5,5-9 g. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini ialah metode eksperimental dengan dua tahapan penelitian, yaitu uji pendahuluan dan uji toksisitas akut (LC50-96). Uji pendahuluan dilakukan tanpa ulangan dan uji toksisitas akut dilakukan ulangan sebanyak dua kali. Data uji toksisitas akut dianalisis dengan analisis probit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai LC50-96 insektisida karbamat (Marshal 200 EC) terhadap ikan mas adalah 1,68 mgL-1.

scholarly journals Uji Toksisitas Akut Air Limbah Industri Sasirangan Terhadap Ikan Nila (Oreochromis Niloticus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 733
Author(s):  
Akhmad Yafi Kusuma ◽  
Rahmawati Rahmawati ◽  
Hardiono Hardiono
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Ammonia Content

Abstract: Toxicity Test Of Acute Industrial Waste Water On Tilapia Fish (Oreochromis Niloticus). The sasirangan industrial liquid wastes containing high ammonia and high pH when discharged into the receiving water body without treatment will result in changes in water quality and even the death of aquatic biota so that an acute toxicity test is necessary. This study aims to determine the value of LC50 from waste sasirangan against tilapiaI. This research used the experimental method of Post Control Only Control Group Design design. Samples taken as much as 100 liters of waste in one industry sasirangan existing in the city of Banjarmasin. Concentrations of the sasirangan waste solution to be used in the acute toxicity test are: 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20%. Parameters studied include ammonia, DO, pH, and temperature. To determine the value of LC50 using probit analysis. The results showed that LC50 for exposure time 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours were 14.73%, 10.21%, 8.26%, and 7.35%, respectively. The results of the analysis show that pH and ammonia content of industrial effluent sasirangan affect the death of tilapia fish. This research is hoped that the sasirangan industry does not dispose of its waste directly to the water body but needs to process it first. For further research it can complement the untested parameters such as BOD, COD, and TSS that affect fish survival.

scholarly journals Embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of polyethylene microbeads found in facial wash products in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) using the Fish Embryo Acute Toxicity Test

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret C. De Guzman ◽  
Patricia Anne P. Chua ◽  
Franceska S. Sedano
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Formal Analysis ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Teratogenic Effects ◽  
Fish Embryo

AbstractUse of polyethylene beads in facial cleansers has been continuously questioned by scientific communities for they adversely affect aquatic organisms once these beads find their way into their habitats. This study specifically aims to determine Danio rerio mortality rate using lethal endpoints and to evaluate sublethal teratogenic effects in Danio rerio due to polyethylene microbead exposure. Danio rerio, a model organism for ecotoxicology, was subjected to the Fish Embryo Acute Toxicity Test. Embryos were exposed to polyethylene microbead suspensions (PE-MBS) of varying concentrations (i.e., 20 μg/L, 200 μg/L, 2000 μg/L). They were also exposed to 5% ethanol (positive control), reconstituted water (negative control), 0.01% Tween 80 (emulsifier control), and 1% DMSO (solvent control). Toxicological endpoints (i.e., egg coagulation, lack of somite formation, non-detachment of tail, and lack of heartbeat) were observed every 24 hours until the 96th hour exposure. Hatching was observed from 48 hpf while teratogenicity was observed at 144 hpf. Significant differences between means and variances were observed for all treatment groups in relation to the negative control. For all groups, 0.01% Tween 80, 1% DMSO and 20 μg/L PE-MBS did not significantly differ with the negative control due to negligible concentration but 5% ethanol and higher concentrations of PE-MBS did. This indicated that high concentrations of PE-MBS exposure may induce early hatching, mortality, increased malformation, and increased heart rate. Tukey Kramer post hoc Test substantiated that PE-MBS toxicity is dose dependent since embryotoxicity and teratogenicity increases at higher concentrations. LC50 obtained using probit analysis based on experimental data was 2455.096 μg/L, and was higher than the concentrations used in this study. Further studies should be conducted to know more about the adverse effects of polyethylene microbeads to the biota.Author SummaryMargaret De Guzman, MSc, Patricia Chua, and Franceska Sedano have all equally contributed to this work in conceptualization, formal analysis, funding acquisition, and investigation. All authors have also equally headed project administration, procurement of resources and writing.

Predicting chronic lethality of chemicals to fishes from acute toxicity test data: Theory of accelerated life testing

1995 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1745-1752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Sun ◽  
Gary F. Krause ◽  
Foster L. Mayer ◽  
Mark R. Ellersieck ◽  
Asit P. Basu
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Test Data ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Accelerated Life Testing ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Life Testing ◽  
Accelerated Life
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