Predicting the acute toxicity of copper in freshwater sediments: Evaluation of the role of acid-volatile sulfide

1993 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald T. Ankley ◽  
Vincent R. Mattson ◽  
Edward N. Leonard ◽  
Corlis W. West ◽  
Jon L. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Acid Volatile Sulfide ◽  
Freshwater Sediments

The role of acid-volatile sulfide in determining cadmium bioavailability and toxicity in freshwater sediments

1991 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1309-1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony R. Carlson ◽  
Gary L. Phipps ◽  
Vincent R. Mattson ◽  
Patricia A. Kosian ◽  
Anne M. Cotter
Keyword(s):  
Acid Volatile Sulfide ◽  
Freshwater Sediments ◽  
Cadmium Bioavailability

Survey for Tributyltin in Water and Sediment in Canada in 1999

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. James Maguire ◽  
Suzanne P. Batchelor
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Benthic Organisms ◽  
Freshwater Sediments ◽  
Antifouling Paints ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Small Craft

Abstract A survey of water and sediment from 152 harbours, marinas and shipping channels across Canada was conducted in 1999 to determine the extent of contamination by tributyltin (TBT) prior to the total ban on its antifouling uses being phased in over the period 2003 to 2008, and to assess the effectiveness of the 1989 regulation of antifouling uses of TBT under the Canadian Pest Control Products Act. TBT was found in sediments in this survey much more frequently than in water. The main conclusion was that by 1999 the regulation had been generally effective in reducing TBT contamination in water, but not sediment, in small-craft marinas and harbours. TBT continued to be found in some freshwater and seawater locations frequented by larger vessels, that could have been legally painted at the time with TBT antifouling paints, at concentrations that could cause chronic toxicity to aquatic organisms. TBT was also found in many marine sediments, and some freshwater sediments, at concentrations that could cause chronic toxicity to sensitive benthic organisms. In addition, TBT concentrations in many marine sediments could cause acute toxicity to sensitive benthic organisms. Because of the long persistence of TBT in sediments, it may pose a hazard to benthic organisms in some locations in Canada for many years after the total ban on antifouling uses of TBT.

scholarly journals Chemopreventive role of Coriandrum sativum against gentamicin-induced renal histopathological damage in rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhijeet Lakhera ◽  
Aditya Ganeshpurkar ◽  
Divya Bansal ◽  
Nazneen Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Coriandrum Sativum ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Histopathological Studies ◽  
Oecd Guideline ◽  
Important Medicinal Plant

Abstract Drug induced nephrotoxicity is one of the most common causes of renal failure. Gentamicin belongs to aminoglycosides, which elicit nephrotoxic potential. Natural antioxidants from plants demonstrate a number of biotherapeutic activities. Coriander is an important medicinal plant known for its hepatoprotective, diuretic, carminative, digestive and antihelminthic potential. This study was designed to investigate whether the extract of Coriandrum sativum ameliorates the nephrotoxicity induced by gentamicin in rats. Dried coriander powder was coarsely grinded and subjected to defatting by petroleum ether and further with ethyl acetate. The extract was filtered and subjected to phytochemical and phytoanalytical studies. Acute toxicity in Wistar rats was determined by the OECD Guideline (423). Animals were divided into four groups. The first group served as positive control, while the second group was toxic control (gentamicin treated). The third and fourth group were treated with the extract (200 and 400 mg/kg gentamicin). After 8 days, the animals were sacrificed and biochemical and histopathological studies were carried out. Phytochemical screening of the extract demonstrated Coriandrum sativum to be rich in flavonoids, polyphenolics and alkaloids. Results of acute toxicity suggested the use of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg for Coriandrum sativum in the study. Coriandrum sativum extract at the dose of 400 mg/kg significantly (p<0.01) decreased creatinine levels in the animals, along with a decrease in serum urea and blood urea nitrogen. Treatment with Coriandrum sativum extract ameliorated renal histological lesions. It is concluded that Coriandrum sativum is a potential source of nephroprotective phytochemical activity, with flavonoids and polyphenols as the major components.

Toxicity of cadmium in sediments: The role of acid volatile sulfide

1990 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1487-1502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic M. Di Toro ◽  
John D. Mahony ◽  
David J. Hansen ◽  
K. John Scott ◽  
Michael B. Hicks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Volatile Sulfide

scholarly journals Acute toxicity of vipoxin and its components: is the acidic component an “inhibitor” of PLA2 toxicity?

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasil N. Atanasov ◽  
Silviya Stoykova ◽  
Yana Goranova ◽  
Mariana Mitewa ◽  
Svetla Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Phospholipase A2 ◽  
Quaternary Structure ◽  
Enzyme Reaction ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Toxic Activity ◽  
Acidic Component ◽  
The Individual ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT Vipoxin is a heterodimeric neurotoxin isolated from the venom of the Bulgarian long-nosed viper Vipera ammodytes meridionalis. Vipoxin represents a noncovalent association of two subunits - a basic and toxic phospholipase A2 enzyme, and an acidic nonenzymatic component (vipoxin’s acidic component). It was postulated that the phospholipase A2 subunit was more toxic than the whole vipoxin complex and the function of the acidic component was to reduce the enzymatic and toxic activities of the basic phospholipase A2. In the present study, we report new data on the acute toxicity (LD50) of vipoxin and its individual separated components. Vipoxin LD50 (mice, i.p. and i.v.) values were found to be 0.7-1.2 mg/kg b.w. (i.p.) and 0.9-1.3 mg/kg b.w. (i.v.). The established LD50 values for the separated pure phospholipase A2 subunit are higher - 10.0-13.0 mg/kg b.w (i.p.) and 2.2-3.0 mg/kg b.w. (i.v.), i.e. the individual phospholipase A2 subunit displays less toxic activity than vipoxin, contrary to the data published in the literature. The reconstituted vipoxin complex (obtained after preliminary incubation of pure separated phospholipase A2 and acidic component showed enzyme activity and toxicity comparable to that of the native vipoxin complex. Addition of acidic component to the phospholipase A2 subunit showed a positive effect on the enzymatic activity, reaching maximal enzyme reaction rate of acidic component to phospholipase A2 molar ratio of 0.8:1 on using 4-nitro-3-octanoyloxy-benzoic acid as substrate. For the first time we showed that the acidic subunit was absolutely required for the toxic activity of vipoxin. Based on the obtained results, we assume that the function of the acidic component is to stabilize the neurotoxin’s quaternary structure, required for its toxic and enzymatic activities, similarly to the role of the acidic component of crotoxin.

The Protective Role of Zinc against Acute Toxicity of Depleted Uranium in Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 111 (6) ◽  
pp. 402-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhui Hao ◽  
Jiong Ren ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Shenglin Luo ◽  
Ting Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Depleted Uranium
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