Aqatic toxicity equivalency factors for chlorinated phenolic compounds present in pulp mill effluents

1993 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Kovacs ◽  
P. H. Martel ◽  
R. H. Voss ◽  
P. E. Wrist ◽  
R. F. Willes
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Equivalency Factors ◽  
Pulp Mill Effluents ◽  
Chlorinated Phenolic Compounds

Degradation of Chlorinated Phenolic Compounds Occurring in Pulp Mill Effluents

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max M. Häggblom ◽  
Juha H. A. Apajalahti ◽  
Mirja S. Salkinoja-Salonen
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Reductive Dechlorination ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Chlorine Bleaching ◽  
Chlorine Substituent ◽  
Pulp Mill Effluents ◽  
Degradation Intermediates

A large number of different chlorinated compounds arise in chlorine bleaching of pulp. We isolated a bacterium, Rhodococcuschlorophenolicus, which degrades 18 different polychlorinated phenolic compounds, most of which occur in spent bleaching liquor of kraft pulp. Degradation intermediates from polychlorinated phenols, guaiacols and syringols by R. chlorophenolicus were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The initial attack was to add a hydroxyl substituent in the position 4. This occurred whether or not there was a chlorine substituent in this position. 4-chloro-phenols, -guaiacols and -syringols were thus both dechlorinated and hydroxylated. The novel hydroxyl was derived from water. The chlorohydroquinones produced in para-hydroxylation were further degraded through hydrolytic and reductive dechlorination. O-methylation of chlorohydroquinones competed with this dechlorination. The methylation reaction was constitutively expressed in contrast to the 4-hydroxylation, which was induced by the substrate. The para-methoxyphenols, -guaiacols and -syringols accumulated and were only slowly removed from the culture.

Leeches as in situ biomonitors of chlorinated phenolic compounds. Part 2: Pulp mill investigations

1996 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 2301-2308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Prahacs ◽  
Ken J. Hall ◽  
William Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Chlorinated Phenolic Compounds

The Onset of Lignin-Modifying Enzymes, Decrease of AOX and Color Removal by White-Rot Fungi Grown on Bleach Plant Effluents

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 189-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. P. Lankinen ◽  
M. M. Inkeröinen ◽  
J. Pellinen ◽  
A. I. Hatakka
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Peroxidase ◽  
Active Form ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Color Removal ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Lignin Peroxidases ◽  
Pulp Mill Effluents

Decrease of adsorbable organic chlorine (AOX) is becoming the most important criterion for the efficiency of pulp mill effluent treatment in the 1990s. Two methods, designated MYCOR and MYCOPOR which utilize the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium have earlier been developed for the color removal of pulp mill effluents, but the processes have also a capacity to decrease the amount of chlorinated organic compounds. Lignin peroxidases (ligninases) produced by P. chrvsosporium may dechlorinate chlorinated phenols. In this work possibilities to use selected white-rot fungi in the treatment of E1-stage bleach plant effluent were studied. Phlebia radiata. Phanerochaete chrvsosporium and Merulius (Phlebia) tremellosus were compared in shake flasks for their ability to produce laccase, lignin peroxidase(s) and manganese-dependent peroxidase(s) and to remove color from a medium containing effluent. Softwood bleaching effluents were treated by carrier-immobilized P. radiata in 2 1 bioreactors and a 10 1 BiostatR -fermentor. Dechlorination was followed using Cl ion and AOX determinations. All fungi removed the color of the effluent. In P. radiata cultivations AOX decrease was ca. 4 mg l−1 in one day. Apparent lignin peroxidase activities as determined by veratryl alcohol oxidation method were negligible or zero in a medium with AOX content of ca. 60 mg l−1, prepared using about 20 % (v/v) of softwood effluent. However, the purification of extracellular enzymes implied that large amounts of lignin peroxidases were present in the medium and, after the purification, in active form. Enzyme proteins were separated using anion exchange chromatography, and they were further characterized by electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) to reveal the kind of enzymes that were present during AOX decrease and color removal. The most characteristic lignin peroxidase isoenzymes in effluent media were LiP2 and LiP3.

A solid-phase extraction method that eliminates matrix effects of complex pulp mill effluents for the analysis of lipophilic wood extractives

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-588
Author(s):  
Sebastian España Orozco ◽  
Philipp Zeitlinger ◽  
Karin Fackler ◽  
Robert H. Bischof ◽  
Antje Potthast
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase Extraction ◽  
Matrix Effects ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Wood Extractives ◽  
Wood Extractive ◽  
Pulp Mill Effluents ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe extraction of lipophilic wood extractives from pulp and paper process waters proves to be a challenging task, due to harsh and alternating process and sample conditions. This study has determined the potential use of polymeric sorbents for solid-phase extraction (SPE) and compared to classical silica-based reversed-phase packed columns, with polymeric hydrophilic-lipophilic balanced (HLB) cartridges being the sorbent with the most potential. Recovery functions were obtained with an internal standard mixture representative for the main lipophilic wood extractive groups, which are fatty acids and alcohols, sterols, sterol esters and triglycerides. The impact of pH, sample volume and sample matrix, expressed as TOC and cations, on the retention behavior of lipophilic extractives during SPE of industrial samples were determined with polymeric HLB sorbent. High variations in the composition of pulp mill matrices led to different optimal extraction conditions. Thus, a new SPE protocol was developed, which bypasses matrix interferences and omits the loss of analytes due to sample preparation. The method is applicable to different pulp mill effluents with large discrepancies in pH and sample matrices, resulting in recoveries >90 % with RSD <5 % for all lipophilic wood extractives.

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