The role of property-reactivity relationships in meeting the EPA's needs for environmental fate constants

1992 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 887-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
William T. Donaldson
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Fate

scholarly journals Surface Charge governs the adsorption behaviour of glyphosate in Australian Oxisol Soil System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aman D. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Surface Charge ◽  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Adsorption Behaviour ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Potentiometric Titrations ◽  
Batch Sorption ◽  
Soil Systems ◽  
The University ◽  
Sydney Australia

Abstract Glyphosate adsorption pattern is important for determining its environmental fate. Oxisol soil systems adsorb maximum glyphosate in the presence of biochar, however, the mechanism was not known. This article provides information concerning the role of surface charge in the case of Oxisol soil systems. Batch sorption experiments were conducted at the University of Sydney, Australia. Potentiometric titrations were done to calculate the surface charge in the case of Oxisol soil systems. Maximum adsorption of glyphosate in the Oxisol soil systems in the presence of char was due to an increase in net positive surface charge. This finding is of great importance to understanding the mechanism of herbicide soil interactions.

scholarly journals Surface Charge governs the adsorption behaviour of glyphosate in Australian Oxisol Soil System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aman D. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Surface Charge ◽  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Adsorption Behaviour ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Potentiometric Titrations ◽  
Batch Sorption ◽  
Soil Systems ◽  
The University ◽  
Sydney Australia

Abstract Glyphosate adsorption pattern is important for determining its environmental fate. Oxisol soil systems adsorb maximum glyphosate in the presence of biochar, however, the mechanism was not known. This article provides information concerning the role of surface charge in the case of Oxisol soil systems. Batch sorption experiments were conducted at the University of Sydney, Australia. Potentiometric titrations were done to calculate the surface charge in the case of Oxisol soil systems. Maximum adsorption of glyphosate in the Oxisol soil systems in the presence of char was due to an increase in net positive surface charge. This finding is of great importance to understanding the mechanism of herbicide soil interactions.

The effect of irradiance and temperature on the role of photolysis in the removal of organic micropollutants under Antarctic conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Emnet ◽  
Rai S. Kookana ◽  
Ali Shareef ◽  
Sally Gaw ◽  
Mike Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
Organic Micropollutants ◽  
Abstract Knowledge ◽  
Photolytic Degradation ◽  
Untreated Sewage ◽  
The Antarctic

Environmental context Antarctica has several scientific research stations located along its coast, where they discharge often untreated sewage containing organic micropollutants. Although degradation of these pollutants by microorganisms is limited by the cold conditions, other pathways such as photodegradation may be significant. Our results indicate that, during the summer, photolysis is a potentially significant degradation pathway for organic micropollutants in Antarctic surface waters, although the rate of loss would depend on ice cover and water depth. Abstract Knowledge of the environmental fate of organic micropollutants in Antarctica is limited, especially with respect to photolysis. The Antarctic is characterised by extreme light conditions of either continuous sunshine or darkness depending on the season. The photolytic degradation of benzophenone-3 (BP-3), bisphenol A (BPA), 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), methyl paraben (mParaben), 4-t-octylphenol (4-t-OP) and triclosan in MilliQ and seawater was investigated over a range of irradiance levels and temperatures. Photodegradation was compound specific. Up to 20% of BPA, BP-3 and EE2 was degraded over a 7-h irradiance period. Triclosan and 4-t-OP degraded to below the limit of detection in all experiments whereas mParaben was not degraded. The degradation of triclosan increased with irradiance in both MilliQ (P=2.2×10–16) and seawater (P=2.2×10–16). The degradation of 4-t-OP increased with irradiance in MilliQ (P=8.5×10–9) and seawater (P=1.1×10–5), and with temperature in MilliQ (P=8.5×10–9) and seawater (P=1.0×10–5). Similar relationships could not be established for BPA, BP-3, EE2 and mParaben due to the limited extent of degradation observed. The photolysis of triclosan was enhanced 4-fold in seawater compared to MilliQ water. Results from this study indicate that micropollutants may persist for extended periods of time in Antarctic coastal waters, particularly with ice cover, above and beyond that exhibited in temperate seawater.

Environmental fate of ceftiofur sodium, a cephalosporin antibiotic. Role of animal excreta in its decomposition

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 890-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry J. Gilbertson ◽  
Rex E. Hornish ◽  
Prem S. Jaglan ◽  
K. Thomas Koshy ◽  
John L. Nappier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Animal Excreta ◽  
Cephalosporin Antibiotic ◽  
Ceftiofur Sodium

The role of biochar in modifying the environmental fate, bioavailability, and efficacy of pesticides in soils: a review

Soil Research ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rai S. Kookana
Keyword(s):  
Black Carbon ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Pyrolytic Carbon ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Carbon Accounting ◽  
Published Research ◽  
Biochar Amendment ◽  
Emission Of Greenhouse Gases

The role of biochar in sequestration of carbon, reducing the emission of greenhouse gases, and improving the soil fertility is increasingly being recognised and is leading to the recommendations of biochar amendment of soils. However, the implications of such amendments to the environmental fate and efficacy of pesticides are not well understood. The published work on the role of black carbon (which includes charcoal, soot, and other pyrolytic carbon materials) in the environmental fate and effect of organic contaminants is reviewed here, together with the studies on bioavailability and efficacy of some herbicides in soils amended with freshly produced biochars. Biochars, due to their unique properties especially their highly carbonaceous and aromatic nature and high specific surface area, have been reported to be up to >2000 times more effective than soil in sorbing pesticides. The incorporation of relatively small amounts of fresh biochars in soil (0.05% by wt) has also been shown to inhibit the microbial degradation of organic compounds including pesticides as well as reduce their plant availability and efficacy. Based on limited published research on biochars and related research on black carbon reviewed here, biochar amendments to soils are likely to reduce the bioavailability and efficacy of pesticides. Furthermore, these amendments can influence the potential accumulation and ecotoxicological impact of pesticides and other organic contaminants in the soil environment. The implications of heterogeneity and ageing of biochars applied to soils for sorption and desorption processes and in turn for other environmental fate processes need to be understood to seek the appropriate balance between carbon sequestration and pesticide efficacy. While biochar amendment of soil holds appeal from a carbon accounting and soil conditioning perspective, further research is urgently required to determine how biochar influences the efficacy and environmental fate of agrochemicals such as pesticides.

Radio-Labelled Humic Materials in Migration Studies

1992 ◽  
Vol 294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Carlsen ◽  
Pia Lassen ◽  
Peter Warwick ◽  
Amanda Randall
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Migration Studies ◽  
Humic And Fulvic Acids ◽  
Humic Material ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Significant Strength ◽  
Soils And Sediments ◽  
Humic Materials

ABSTRACTHumic- and fulvic acids are able to complex polyvalent metal ions, e.g. radionuclides, leading to soluble complexes of significant strength, thereby decreasing the sorption of these compounds to soils and sediments. The interaction of humic materials with radionuclides may significantly influence the availability and transport of the latter in the environment. Typically, studies along these lines have focussed almost exclusively on the radionuclides, whereas the actual role of the humic material has been elucidated only indirectly. In order directly to study the behaviour of the naturally occurring organic macro-molecules in relation to the environmental fate of radionuclides, radio-labelled humic- and fulvic acids can advantageously be applied. Radio-labels such as 14C and 125I have successfully been covalently incorporated in humic- and fulvic acids. Labelling of humic substances as well as preliminary migration studies are discussed

Environmental Fate of Chloroguaiacols and Chlorocatechols

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.-S. Allard ◽  
M. Remberger ◽  
T. Viktor ◽  
A. H. Neilson
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Environmental Significance ◽  
Pure Cultures

An account is given of microbial transformations of chloroguaiacols and chlorocatechols. Experiments were carried out with pure cultures of aerobic bacteria and endogenous anaerobic bacteria in contaminated samples of sediment. Particular attention was directed to the role of environmental parameters in determining the fate of compounds discharged into the aquatic environment and to the potentially toxic effects of metabolites. An attempt has been made to assess the environmental significance of the results of laboratory experiments, and the data incorporated into a hypothetical ‘guaiacol cycle'.

scholarly journals Identification of matter flows in marginal filters of rivers (based on the principles of thermodynamics)

2020 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. 06008
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Khaustov ◽  
Margarita Redina ◽  
Inna Nemirovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Aquatic Systems ◽  
Marginal Filter ◽  
Suspended Material ◽  
Migration Activity ◽  
Energy Flows ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Thermodynamic Processes

Material and energy flows in the marginal filters of rivers identified based on the analyses of the environmental fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH): Anthracene (An), Phenanthrene (Phen), Naphthalene (Naph), Pyrene (Py), Fluoranthene (Flu), Chrysene (Chr), Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), Perylene (Pl). Experimental data on the components of the aquatic system of the marginal filter of the Northern Dvina River allow us to consider the processes of phase transitions of PAHs at geochemical barriers (GCB). Based on the principles of thermodynamics, a phenomenological model of migration and the formation of the most persistent PAH associations on the barriers is formed. The predominant possibility of PAH migration on suspended material, including biota, is shown. The probability of PAH accumulation between the most important components of aquatic systems was assessed according to the conditions of their migration activity in various zones of the marginal filter. Active and passive PAHs were determined in terms of their migration and accumulation in the components of aquatic systems. The role of PAHs as a reliable indicator of thermodynamic processes, including the development of technogenesis, is estimated.

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