Review: Behavior of organic chemicals at soil, air, water interfaces as related to predicting the transport and volatilization of organic pollutants

1982 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. Spencer ◽  
Walter J. Farmer ◽  
William A. Jury
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Organic Chemicals ◽  
Soil Air

Transport and transformations of organic chemicals in the soil-air-water ecosystem

1987 ◽  
pp. 119-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Jury ◽  
Arthur M. Winer ◽  
William F. Spencer ◽  
Dennis D. Focht
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemicals ◽  
Soil Air ◽  
Water Ecosystem

Novel Chamber to Measure Equilibrium Soil–Air Partitioning Coefficients of Low-Volatility Organic Chemicals under Conditions of Varying Temperature and Soil Moisture

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (13) ◽  
pp. 4870-4876 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Wolters ◽  
Volker Linnemann ◽  
Kilian E. C. Smith ◽  
Eva Klingelmann ◽  
Byung-Jun Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Organic Chemicals ◽  
Soil Air ◽  
Partitioning Coefficients

Occurrence of aliphatic and aromatic compounds associated with atmospheric particulate matter in three cities of Gujarat, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Dipa Lalwani ◽  
Dhruti Patel ◽  
Baiju Varghese ◽  
J.I. Nirmal Kumar ◽  
N. Rita Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Organic Chemicals ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate ◽  
Air Sampler ◽  
High Concentrations

The organic pollutants associated with atmospheric particulate matter (PM) in the environment, especially PM2.5 (particles <2.5 μm) have become a major issue worldwide in the past decade. The ambient air samples of four different sizes of particles were collected using an active air sampler (cascade impactor) from three cities of Gujarat: Anand, Ahmedabad and Surat. To study morphology and elemental composition, Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray system (EDX) were used for fine particle size <1.0 μm. Besides, organic pollutants associated with particulate matter were analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS). Total 54 organic chemicals including 29 aliphatic (alkanes and alkanoic acids) and 25 aromatic chemical compounds were identified qualitatively. Phthalate, the well-known plasticizer was found in the atmosphere of all three study sites. In addition, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as naphthalene and fluorene were quantified at high concentrations in Ahmedabad (315 ng/m3 and 509 ng/m3 respectively) followed by Surat (310 ng/m3 and 382 ng/m3) and Anand (76.1 ng/m3 and 123 ng/m3). The distribution of organic chemicals was found diverse at three locations which might be influenced by the different sources and landmass usage in each city. The presence of the carbonaceous elements in the particles indicates biomass burning emissions during the winter season which might be a source of pollutants in the studied areas.

scholarly journals The Stockholm Convention: A Tool for the Global Regulation of Persistent Organic Pollutants

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidelore Fiedler ◽  
Roland Kallenborn ◽  
Jacob de Boer ◽  
Leiv K. Sydnes
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Stockholm Convention ◽  
Organic Chemicals ◽  
Global Regulation ◽  
Persistent Organic Chemicals

Abstract The aim of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) is to eliminate persistent organic chemicals worldwide by either prohibiting their production and use or gradually reducing them. The Stockholm Convention was adopted in 2001 and entered into force in 2004, 90 days after receiving the 50th instrument of ratification. The Parties to the Convention have to regularly report progress in implementation of their measures taken to achieve the goals. The Convention has a mechanism to add more compounds; today 28 POPs are covered, 16 more than the initial ones.

Adsorption of organic chemicals on graphene coated biochars and its environmental implications

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Ghaffar ◽  
Muhammad Naeem Younis
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Engineered Nanoparticles ◽  
Organic Chemicals ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Sorption Data ◽  
Controlling Mechanism ◽  
Sorption Ability

AbstractBiochar is a stabilized carbon-rich product, and has drawn scientists’ interest because of its specific properties and potential use in many environmental areas. It is emphasized that innovative technologies comprised of engineered nanoparticles in conventional biochar systems could ameliorate the functions of biochar to some extent, such as carbon sequestration, soil fertility and wastewater treatment. As a result, it enables an enhanced sorption of both inorganic and organic pollutants to their surfaces, reducing environmental fate and mobility. In this study, biochar and graphene-coated biochars were prepared by dip-coating of biomass by slow pyrolysis. Batch sorption experiments were performed on the resultant biochars to evaluate sorption ability. The graphene covering on biochar surface changes to increase the surface properties of the biochars, exhibiting the greatest surface area, pore volume and carbon content. Graphene-coated biochars had the ultimate sorption ability compared to their corresponding chars. The sorption data indicated that electrostatic attraction, π-π interaction between graphene sheets on the char surface and aromatic domain, was the controlling mechanism for the sorption of organic chemicals onto the chars. Graphene-coated biochars can thus be used as a stable, cheap sorbent, biomaterial for the removal of organic pollutants from aqueous media.

scholarly journals Soil-air exchange controls on background atmospheric concentrations of organochlorine pesticides

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 25937-25965 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cabrerizo ◽  
J. Dachs ◽  
K. C. Jones ◽  
D. Barceló
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Organochlorine Pesticides ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Soil Air ◽  
Rural Background ◽  
Secondary Sources

Abstract. Soils are the major terrestrial reservoir of persistent organic pollutants, and thus net volatilization from soil, when it happens, may exert a control on the atmospheric occurrence and variability of organic pollutants. Here, we report and discuss the concentrations of legacy organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) such as hexachlorobencene (HCB), hexaclorocyclohexanes (HCH) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) in the atmosphere and in soils, their measured fugacities in soil, the soil-air partition coefficients (KSA) and soil-air fugacity ratios (fs/fa) in rural background areas of N-NE Spain and N-NW England. Four sampling campaigns were carried out in Spain and UK to assess seasonal variability and differences between sampling sites. KSA values were significantly dependent on soil temperature and soil organic matter quantity, and to a minor extent on organic matter type. HCH isomers and DDT metabolites in soil are close to equilibrium with the atmosphere at rural background areas of Spain with a tendency to volatilize and deposit during warm and cold periods, respectively. The mixture of HCH and DDT found in the atmosphere is clearly strongly influenced by the mixture of HCH and DDT which escapes from soil, with significant correlations between them (r2 ranging between 0.74–0.76 and p-level < 0.001 for the Ebro sampling sites), thus suggesting a close coupling of air and soil concentrations demonstrating that net volatilization from soil control the atmospheric levels of OCPs in the Northern Spain background atmosphere. Conversely, soils at rural UK sites were usually a sink for atmospheric DDT and HCH, but not for HCB. The negative statistically significant relationship found between log KSA and the log (fs/fa) ratio, suggests that high latitude regions, due to the high soil organic matter content and lower temperatures, will act as larger traps and accumulate more atmospheric OCPs. Thus, the extent to which soils are secondary sources to the atmosphere is currently dependent on the reservoir potential of soils for OCPs and shows a marked seasonality in their strength.

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