scholarly journals Effects of silver nanoparticles on the freshwater snailPhysa acuta: The role of test media and snails’ life cycle stage

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra F. Gonçalves ◽  
Maria D. Pavlaki ◽  
Rafael Lopes ◽  
Julia Hammes ◽  
Julián Alberto Gallego-Urrea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Stage

scholarly journals Why Consumers Talk: An Investigation of the Extrinsic Motivators of Electronic Word of Mouth

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Jie Feng ◽  
Purushottam Papatla
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Word Of Mouth ◽  
Life Cycle Stage ◽  
Electronic Word Of Mouth ◽  
Product Attributes ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
Extrinsic Motivators ◽  
Intrinsic Motivators

<p><em>We investigate the relative effects of intrinsic and extrinsic motivators on online consumer word of mouth. Specifically, we examine how the influence of product satisfaction – an intrinsic motivator – compares to three extrinsic motivators, i.e., product life cycle stage, product attributes and expert opinions, in stimulating electronic word of mouth. We also examine the roles of different types of product attributes in generating electronic word of mouth. </em><em></em></p> <p><em>The context of our investigation is electronic word of mouth for automobiles. Our results suggest that while intrinsic motivators do play a strong role in generating electronic word of mouth, extrinsic motivators such as the product’s life cycle stage, its attributes and experts’ opinions play a stronger role. Specifically, new products are likely to generate more word of mouth than older ones. Following the product’s life cycle stage in importance are the product’s attributes and expert opinions, in that order, in their influence. We also provide implications for additional research on the role of extrinsic motivators in generating consumer word of mouth. </em><em></em></p>

Implementing Relative Performance Evaluation: The Role of Life Cycle Peers

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-135
Author(s):  
Katharine D. Drake ◽  
Melissa A. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Life Cycle Stage ◽  
Relative Performance ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Relative Performance Evaluation ◽  
Peer Selection ◽  
Exogenous Shocks

ABSTRACT The effectiveness of relative performance evaluation (RPE) in compensation contracts depends on a firm's ability to identify peers that are subject to similar exogenous shocks with similar abilities to respond to such shocks. We expand the RPE literature by considering whether firms routinely select peers sharing a life cycle stage in RPE implementation. We argue that life cycle captures similarities in underlying economics and homogeneity along a number of dimensions relevant in filtering systematic performance. Using explicit peer firm disclosures and a peer selection model, we show that firms routinely select life cycle peers. Further, using implicit RPE tests, we document evidence of life cycle peers filtering common performance incremental to previously identified peer groups. We provide some of the first evidence that peer group composition differs with differing characteristics of the firm and its industry, highlighting that peer selection is a dynamic process evolving with the firm's changing nature. JEL Classifications: E32; J33; L2. Data Availability: All data are available from public sources.

Facilitators of organizational innovation: The role of life-cycle stage

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine S. Koberg ◽  
Nikolaus Uhlenbruck ◽  
Yolanda Sarason
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Organizational Innovation ◽  
Life Cycle Stage

scholarly journals Influence of Perceived Risk Dimensions on e-Shopping Behavioural Intention among Women—A Family Life Cycle Stage Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-355
Author(s):  
Raman Amirtha ◽  
V. J. Sivakumar ◽  
Yujong Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Life Cycle Stage ◽  
Family Life Cycle ◽  
Purchase Behavior ◽  
Indian Women ◽  
Risk Dimensions

The relationship between perceived risk and behavioral intention (BI) in e-shopping, based on family life cycle (FLC) stages, has been analyzed in this work. Although FLC stages are considered to have a better predictive ability than age, few e-shopping studies have concentrated on understanding its effects. This study, as a pioneering effort, has divided Indian women based on nine FLC stages and has studied the role of ten dimensions of perceived risk on BI to shop online across each life cycle stage. Results show that different facets of risks had distinct effects on purchase behavior among women belonging to different FLC stages. In effect, this study shows the importance of splitting people based on FLC stages in e-marketing and its value in making marketing decisions.

ASPECTS IN BUILDING A COMPANY WEB-SITE AND ITS ROLE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF BUSINESS

2018 ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
Petar Halachev ◽  
Victoria Radeva ◽  
Albena Nikiforova ◽  
Miglena Veneva
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Web Site ◽  
The Internet ◽  
A Company ◽  
The Web ◽  
Design Construction ◽  
Made In ◽  
Site Types

This report is dedicated to the role of the web site as an important tool for presenting business on the Internet. Classification of site types has been made in terms of their application in the business and the types of structures in their construction. The Models of the Life Cycle for designing business websites are analyzed and are outlined their strengths and weaknesses. The stages in the design, construction, commissioning, and maintenance of a business website are distinguished and the activities and requirements of each stage are specified.

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