Ameliorative effects of sodium chloride on acute copper toxicity among Cope's gray tree frog (Hyla chrysoscelis) and green frog (Rana clamitans) embryos

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 836-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria G. Brown ◽  
Emily K. Dobbs ◽  
Joel W. Snodgrass ◽  
David R. Ownby
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Copper Toxicity ◽  
Rana Clamitans ◽  
Tree Frog ◽  
Hyla Chrysoscelis ◽  
Green Frog ◽  
Gray Tree Frog

Excretion and conservation of glycerol, and expression of aquaporins and glyceroporins, during cold acclimation in Cope's gray tree frog Hyla chrysoscelis

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (1) ◽  
pp. R544-R555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah L. Zimmerman ◽  
James Frisbie ◽  
David L. Goldstein ◽  
Jennifer West ◽  
Kevin Rivera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Water Channel ◽  
Tree Frog ◽  
Hyla Chrysoscelis ◽  
Water Reabsorption ◽  
Real Time Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Xenopus Oocyte Expression ◽  
Gray Tree Frog

Cope's gray tree frog Hyla chrysoscelis accumulates glycerol during cold acclimation. We hypothesized that, during this process, gray tree frogs adjust renal filtration and/or reabsorption rates to retain accumulated glycerol. During cold acclimation, plasma concentrations of glycerol rose >200-fold, to 51 mmol/l. Although fractional water reabsorption decreased, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and, consequently, urine flow were <5% of warm levels, and fractional glycerol reabsorption increased. In contrast, dehydrated frogs increased fractional water reabsorption, decreased GFR, and did not accumulate glycerol. We hypothesized that expression of proteins from the aquaporin (AQP)/glyceroporin (GLP) family was associated with changing patterns of water and glycerol movement. We cloned the cDNA for three such proteins, quantified mRNA expression in nine tissues using real-time quantitative PCR, and functionally characterized them using a Xenopus oocyte expression system. HC-1, an AQP1-like water channel conferring low glycerol permeability, is expressed ubiquitously in warm- and cold-acclimated tissues. HC-2, a water channel most similar to AQP2, is primarily expressed in organs of osmoregulation. HC-3, which is most similar to AQP3, is functionally characterized as a GLP, with low permeability to water but high permeability to glycerol. Aspects of expression levels and functional characteristics varied between cold and warm conditions for each of the three AQPs, suggesting a complex pattern of involvement in osmoregulation related to thermal acclimation.

Isolation and characterization of simple sequence repeat loci in the gray tree frog, Hyla chrysoscelis

Genome ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 676-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Krenz ◽  
R.D. Semlitsch ◽  
H.C. Gerhardt ◽  
P.A. Mahoney
Keyword(s):  
Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Tree Frog ◽  
Hyla Chrysoscelis ◽  
Sequence Repeat ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Simple Sequence ◽  
Gray Tree Frog

Season and testosterone affect contractile properties of fast calling muscles in the gray tree frog Hyla chrysoscelis

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (6) ◽  
pp. R1513-R1520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahasweta Girgenrath ◽  
Richard L. Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Contractile Properties ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Tree Frog ◽  
Hyla Chrysoscelis ◽  
Nonbreeding Season ◽  
Secondary Sexual Characteristics ◽  
Sexual Characteristics ◽  
Gray Tree Frog

In anurans, circulating levels of androgens influence certain secondary sexual characteristics that are expressed only during the breeding season. We studied the contractile properties of external oblique muscles (used to power sound production) in a species of North American gray tree frog, Hyla chrysoscelis, during the breeding season and also in testosterone-treated captive males and females after the breeding season. Compared with the muscles of breeding-season males, the trunk muscles of postbreeding-season males have 50% less mass, 60% longer twitches, and 40% slower shortening velocities. Testosterone levels similar to those found in breeding-season male hylid frogs restore the contractile speed and mass of male trunk muscles and also convert the small slow trunk muscles of females into larger fast-contracting muscles. We conclude that androgens likely play a key role in altering the contractile properties of these muscles in males during the annual cycle, allowing them to operate in the breeding season at the frequencies required to produce the characteristic rapidly pulsed calls of this species. Females as well as nonbreeding-season males do not produce advertising calls, and therefore the slower muscles found in these animals may allow more economic operation of these muscles. The effects of testosterone on female trunk muscles indicate the potential of this hormone in contributing to the sexual dimorphism in size and contractile properties of these muscles, but this dimorphism is likely due to the interaction of more than one hormone.

Isolation and characterization of simple sequence repeat loci in the gray tree frog, Hyla chrysoscelis

Genome ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 676-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
J D Krenz ◽  
R D Semlitsch ◽  
H C Gerhardt ◽  
P A Mahoney
Keyword(s):  
Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Genomic Library ◽  
Tree Frog ◽  
Hyla Chrysoscelis ◽  
Sequence Repeat ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Ssr Loci ◽  
Simple Sequence ◽  
Gray Tree Frog

A gray tree frog (Hyla chrysoscelis) genomic library was constructed and characterized with regard to the incidence and complexity of simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci. The partial genomic library, containing approximately 10 000 clones with an average-sized insert of 350 bp, was screened with six SSR repeat oligonucleotides (AC, AG, ACG, AGC, AAC, and AAG). Screening identified 31 unique positive clones containing 41 SSR loci. Sequences of tandemly arrayed dinucleotide repeats were more common (36 of 41) than trinucleotide repeats. Twenty-six loci were identified using the AC dinucleotide probe, while 7 loci were identified using the AG dinucleotide probe. An additional 3 AT dinucleotide loci were serendipitously identified. The AT repeats generally comprised the longest dinucleotide repeat loci. The SSR repeat loci reported here should provide potent markers for identity, parentage, and short-lineage determinations in large-scale experiments using gray tree frogs.Key words: Hyla chrysoscelis, simple sequence repeat, SSR, gray tree frog, microsatellite.

The occurrence of chronic hypocalcemia following parathyroidectomy in the green frog, Rana clamitans

1990 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence W. Wittle ◽  
Ralph S. Augostini ◽  
William S. Chizmar
Keyword(s):  
Rana Clamitans ◽  
Green Frog

Characterization of Gene Expression Endpoints During Postembryonic Development of the Northern Green Frog (Rana clamitans melanota)

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 392 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Austin Hammond ◽  
Nik Veldhoen ◽  
Marek Kobylarz ◽  
Nicholas R. Webber ◽  
Jameson Jordan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Postembryonic Development ◽  
Rana Clamitans ◽  
Green Frog

scholarly journals The mechanics of air breathing in gray tree frog tadpoles, Hyla versicolor (Anura: Hylidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 223 (5) ◽  
pp. jeb219311
Author(s):  
Jackson R. Phillips ◽  
Amanda E. Hewes ◽  
Kurt Schwenk
Keyword(s):  
Hyla Versicolor ◽  
Tree Frog ◽  
Air Breathing ◽  
Frog Tadpoles ◽  
Gray Tree Frog
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