How do sediment yields from post-wildfire debris-laden flows depend on terrain slope, soil burn severity class, and drainage basin area? Insights from airborne-LiDAR change detection

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (13) ◽  
pp. 1822-1832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon D. Pelletier ◽  
Caitlin A. Orem
Keyword(s):  
Change Detection ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Burn Severity ◽  
Sediment Yields ◽  
Terrain Slope ◽  
Soil Burn Severity ◽  
Severity Class ◽  
Basin Area

2020 hurricane impact assessment for the northern Gulf of Mexico: Hurricane Sally and Hurricane Zeta

Shore & Beach ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
S. McGill ◽  
C. Sylvester ◽  
L. Dunkin ◽  
E. Eisemann ◽  
J. Wozencraft
Keyword(s):  
Change Detection ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Shoreline Change ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Northern Gulf Coast ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Beach Volume

Regional-scale shoreline and beach volume changes are quantified using the Joint Airborne Lidar Bathymetry Technical Center of Expertise’s digital elevation model products in a change detection framework following the passage of the two landfalling hurricanes, Hurricanes Sally and Zeta, along the northern Gulf Coast in late fall 2020. Results derived from this work include elevation change raster products and a standard set of beach volume and shoreline change metrics. The rapid turn-around and delivery of data products to include volume and shoreline change assessments provide valuable information about the status of the coastline and identification of areas of significant erosion or other impacts, such as breaching near Perdido Key, FL, from Hurricane Sally’s impact. These advanced change detection products help inform sediment budget development and support decisions related to regional sediment management and coastal storm risk management.

scholarly journals Application and Validation of a Model for Terrain Slope Estimation Using Space-Borne LiDAR Waveform Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuebo Yang ◽  
Cheng Wang ◽  
Sheng Nie ◽  
Xiaohuan Xi ◽  
Zhenyue Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Waveform Data ◽  
Terrain Slope ◽  
Lidar Measurements ◽  
Slope Estimation ◽  
Study Sites

The terrain slope is one of the most important surface characteristics for quantifying the Earth surface processes. Space-borne LiDAR sensors have produced high-accuracy and large-area terrain measurement within the footprint. However, rigorous procedures are required to accurately estimate the terrain slope especially within the large footprint since the estimated slope is likely affected by footprint size, shape, orientation, and terrain aspect. Therefore, based on multiple available datasets, we explored the performance of a proposed terrain slope estimation model over several study sites and various footprint shapes. The terrain slopes were derived from the ICESAT/GLAS waveform data by the proposed method and five other methods in this study. Compared with five other methods, the proposed method considered the influence of footprint shape, orientation, and terrain aspect on the terrain slope estimation. Validation against the airborne LiDAR measurements showed that the proposed method performed better than five other methods (R2 = 0.829, increased by ~0.07, RMSE = 3.596°, reduced by ~0.6°, n = 858). In addition, more statistics indicated that the proposed method significantly improved the terrain slope estimation accuracy in high-relief region (RMSE = 5.180°, reduced by ~1.8°, n = 218) or in the footprint with a great eccentricity (RMSE = 3.421°, reduced by ~1.1°, n = 313). Therefore, from these experiments, we concluded that this terrain slope estimation approach was beneficial for different terrains and various footprint shapes in practice and the improvement of estimated accuracy was distinctly related with the terrain slope and footprint eccentricity.

scholarly journals Climate, tectonics or morphology: what signals can we see in drainage basin sediment yields?

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Coulthard ◽  
M. J. Van de Wiel
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Sediment Yields ◽  
Internal Storage ◽  
Storage Effects ◽  
Climatic Drivers ◽  
Basin Morphology ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Small Basin

Abstract. Sediment yields from river basins are typically considered to be controlled by tectonic and climatic drivers. However, climate and tectonics can operate simultaneously and the impact of autogenic processes scrambling or shredding these inputs can make it hard to unpick the role of these drivers from the sedimentary record. Thus an understanding of the relative dominance of climate, tectonics or other processes in the output of sediment from a basin is vital. Here, we use a numerical landscape evolution model (CAESAR) to specifically examine the relative impact of climate change, tectonic uplift (instantaneous and gradual) and basin morphology on sediment yield. Unexpectedly, this shows how the sediment signal from significant rates of uplift (10 m instant or 25 mm a−1) may be lost due to internal storage effects within even a small basin. However, the signal from modest increases in rainfall magnitude (10–20%) can be seen in increases in sediment yield. In addition, in larger basins, tectonic inputs can be significantly diluted by regular delivery from non-uplifted parts of the basin.

scholarly journals AUTOMATIC BUILDING CHANGE DETECTION USING MULTI-TEMPORAL AIRBORNE LIDAR DATA

2020 ◽  
Vol XLII-3/W12-2020 ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
R. C. dos Santos ◽  
M. Galo ◽  
A. C. Carrilho ◽  
G. G. Pessoa ◽  
R. A. R. de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Change Detection ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Lidar Data ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
3D Information ◽  
Airborne Lidar Data ◽  
Area Monitoring

Abstract. The automatic detection of building changes is an essential process for urban area monitoring, urban planning, and database update. In this context, 3D information derived from multi-temporal airborne LiDAR scanning is one effective alternative. Despite several works in the literature, the separation of change areas in building and non-building remains a challenge. In this sense, it is proposed a new method for building change detection, having as the main contribution the use of height entropy concept to identify the building change areas. The experiments were performed considering multi-temporal airborne LiDAR data from 2012 and 2014, both with average density around 5 points/m2. Qualitative and quantitative analyses indicate that the proposed method is robust in building change detection, having the potential to identify small changes (larger than 20 m2). In general, the change detection method presented average completeness and correctness around 97% and 71%, respectively.

Accelerated Erosion and Sedimentation in Southeast Asia

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avijit Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Sediment Yields ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Sediment Transfer ◽  
Very High

Periodic attempts to plot global distribution of erosion and sedimentation usually attribute most of Southeast Asia with a very high sediment yield (Milliman and Meade 1983). The erosion rates and sediment yield figures are especially high for maritime Southeast Asia. Milliman and Syvitski (1992), for example, listed 3000 t km−2 yr−1 for the archipelagos and peninsulas of Southeast Asia. They provided a number of natural explanations for the high erosion rate: location near active plate margins, pyroclastic eruptions, steep slopes, and mass movements. This is also a region with considerable annual rainfall, a very substantial percentage of which tends to be concentrated in a few months and falls with high intensity. Part of Southeast Asia (the Philippines, Viet Nam, Timor) is visited by tropical cyclones with heavy, intense rainfall and possible associated wind damage to existing vegetation. The fans at the foot of slopes, the large volume of sediment stored in the channel and floodplain of the rivers, and the size of deltas all indicate a high rate of erosion and episodic sediment transfer. This episodic erosion and sediment transfer used to be controlled for most of the region by the thick cover of vegetation that once masked the slopes. When vegetation is removed soil and regolith de-structured, and natural slopes altered, the erosion rates and sediment yield reach high figures. Parts of Southeast Asia display striking anthropogenic alteration of the landscape, although the resulting accelerated erosion may be only temporary, operating on a scale of several years. Over time the affected zones shift, and slugs of sediment continue to arrive in a river but from different parts of its drainage basin. The combination of anthropogenic alteration and fragile landforms may give rise to very high local yields. Sediment yields of more than 15 000 t km−2 yr−1 have been estimated from such areas (Ruslan and Menam, cited in Lal 1987). This is undoubtedly towards the upper extreme, but current destruction of the vegetation cover due to deforestation, expansion of agriculture, mining, urbanization, and implementation of large-scale resettlement schemes has increased the sediment yield from < 102 to > 103 t km−2 yr−1.

scholarly journals Modeling Wildland Firefighter Travel Rates by Terrain Slope: Results from GPS-Tracking of Type 1 Crew Movement

Fire ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Patrick R. Sullivan ◽  
Michael J. Campbell ◽  
Philip E. Dennison ◽  
Simon C. Brewer ◽  
Bret W. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Gps Tracking ◽  
Escape Route ◽  
Terrain Slope ◽  
Precise Understanding ◽  
Rate Functions ◽  
Wildland Firefighting ◽  
Upper Third ◽  
Travel Rate

Escape routes keep firefighters safe by providing efficient evacuation pathways from the fire line to safety zones. Effectively utilizing escape routes requires a precise understanding of how much time it will take firefighters to traverse them. To improve this understanding, we collected GPS-tracked travel rate data from US Interagency Hotshot “Type 1” Crews during training in 2019. Firefighters were tracked while hiking, carrying standard loads (e.g., packs, tools, etc.) along trails with a precisely-measured terrain slope derived from airborne lidar. The effects of the slope on the instantaneous travel rate were assessed by three models generated using non-linear quantile regression, representing low (bottom third), moderate (middle third), and high (upper third) rates of travel, which were validated using k-fold cross-validation. The models peak at about a −3° (downhill) slope, similar to previous slope-dependent travel rate functions. The moderate firefighter travel rate model mostly predicts faster movement than previous slope-dependent travel rate functions, suggesting that firefighters generally move faster than non-firefighting personnel while hiking. Steepness was also found to have a smaller effect on firefighter travel rates than previously predicted. The travel rate functions produced by this study provide guidelines for firefighter escape route travel rates and allow for more accurate and flexible wildland firefighting safety planning.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Composite Burn Index and Land Surface Temperature for Assessing Soil Burn Severity in Mediterranean Fire-Prone Pine Ecosystems

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Marcos ◽  
Víctor Fernández-García ◽  
Alfonso Fernández-Manso ◽  
Carmen Quintano ◽  
Luz Valbuena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Land Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Burn Severity ◽  
Soil Burn Severity ◽  
Changes In Soil Properties

We analysed the relationship between burn severity indicators, from remote sensing and field observations, and soil properties after a wildfire in a fire-prone Mediterranean ecosystem. Our study area was a large wildfire in a Pinus pinaster forest. Burn severity from remote sensing was identified by studying immediate post-fire Land Surface Temperature (LST). We also evaluated burn severity in the field applying the Composite Burn Index (CBI) in a total of 84 plots (30 m diameter). In each plot we evaluated litter consumption, ash colour and char depth as visual indicators. We collected soil samples and pH, soil organic carbon, dry aggregate size distribution (MWD), aggregate stability and water repellency were analysed. A controlled heating of soil was also carried out in the laboratory, with soil from the control plots, to compare with the changes produced in soils affected by different severity levels in the field. Our results shown that changes in soil properties affected by wildfire were only observed in soil aggregation in the high severity situation. The laboratory-controlled heating showed that temperatures of about 300 °C result in a significant reduction in soil organic carbon and MWD. Furthermore, soil organic carbon showed a significant decrease when LST values increased. Char depth was the best visual indicator to show changes in soil properties (mainly physical properties) in large fires that occur in Mediterranean pine forests. We conclude that CBI and post-fire LST can be considered good indicators of soil burn severity since both indicate the impact of fire on soil properties.

Fluvial clastic sediment yield in Canada: scaled analysis

1999 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 1267-1280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Church ◽  
Darren Ham ◽  
Marwan Hassan ◽  
Olav Slaymaker
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Sediment Load ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Scaling Relations ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Fluvial Sediment ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
River Valleys ◽  
Basin Area

This report presents a set of maps of regional fluvial sediment yield in Canada, based mainly on the Water Survey of Canada archive of riverine suspended sediment observations. Regional scaling relations for the variation of suspended sediment load with drainage basin area are established to permit data to be adjusted to common areal bases for portrayal of regional variations. For most regions, the specific sediment yield increases downstream, indicating regional degradation of river valleys. In the southern prairies, however, regional aggradation is occurring, and in southern Ontario similar quantities of fluvial sediment are apparently being yielded, on average, over all scales in the landscape. A smoothed regional portrayal of the results is obtained by kriging, which also yields error estimates for locally predicted values of sediment yield. Maps are presented for the standard areas of 1 km2, 102 km2 (10 km × 10 km), and 104 km2 (102 km × 102 km).

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