The performance of grass filter strips in controlling high-concentration suspended sediment from overland flow under rainfall/non-rainfall conditions

2013 ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Lan Ma ◽  
Chengzhong Pan ◽  
Yanguo Teng ◽  
Zhouping Shangguan
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Filter Strips ◽  
Grass Filter Strips

Sediment behaviour in grass filter strips

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Deletic
Keyword(s):  
Overland Flow ◽  
Complex Model ◽  
Trapping Efficiency ◽  
Artificial Turf ◽  
Filter Strips ◽  
Natural Grass ◽  
Natural Turf ◽  
Sediment Types ◽  
Grass Filter Strips ◽  
The Relationship

Sediment transport was studied in non-submerged overland flow over grass in a laboratory. Artificial turf (astro-turf) was used to simulate natural grass and no infiltration was allowed at this stage of the investigation. Experiments were conducted for different grass densities, flow rates, sediments inflows, and sediment types. It was observed that concentration of sediment in runoff decreases exponentially with the distance and reaches asymptotically a constant value. Measured sediment deposition was compered with the results calculated by the Kentucky model (tollner et al., 1976). The model over-predicted grossly the trapping efficiency of all particle fractions, but it is unreliable particularly for small particles. A new simplified relationship was established between particle fall number, Nf, and percentage of particles trapped in the grass. The relationship should be verified on natural grass before it is used in practice. Finally, infiltration of water and particles should be studied on natural turf, as well as, influence of grass blades bending, before the complex model of sediment behaviour in grass is established.

The effect of rainfall intensity on soil erosion and particulate phosphorus transfer from arable soils

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Fraser ◽  
T. R. Harrod ◽  
P. M. Haygarth
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Particulate Phosphorus ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Flow Monitoring

Soil erosion, in the form of transported suspended sediment in overland flow, is often associated with high rates of particulate phosphorus (PP) (total P>0.45 μm) transfer from land to watercourses. Particulate P may provide a long-term source of P for aquatic biota. Twenty-two sites for winter overland flow monitoring were selected in south-west England within fields ranging from 0.2–3.8 ha on conventionally-managed arable land. Fields were situated on highly porous, light textured soils, lacking impermeable horizons and often overlying major aquifers. Long arable use and modern cultivation methods result in these soils capping under rain impact. Overland flow was observed when rainfall intensity approached the modest rate of 0.8 mm hr−1 on land at or near to field capacity. Low intensity rainfall (<2 mm hr−1) produced mean suspended sediment losses of 14 kg ha−1 hr−1, with associated PP transfer rates of 16 g ha−1 hr−1. In high intensity rainfall (>9 mm hr−1) mean PP losses of 319 g ha−1 hr−1 leaving the field were observed. As might be expected, there was a good relationship between PP and suspended sediment transfer in overland flow leaving the sites. The capacity of light soils to cap when in arable use, combined with heavy or prolonged rainfall, resulted in substantial discharges, soil erosion and associated PP transfer. Storms with heavy rain, typically of only a few hours duration, were characterised by considerable losses of PP. Such events, with return periods of once or twice a winter, may account for a significant proportion of total annual P transfer from agricultural soils under arable crops. However, contributions from less intense rain with much longer duration (around 100 hours per winter in many arable districts of the UK) are also demonstrated here.

Hydrologic design aid for urban grass filter strips

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 4-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Osman Akan ◽  
Serter Atabay
Keyword(s):  
Filter Strips ◽  
Grass Filter Strips ◽  
Hydrologic Design

Erosion and Sediment Control At Road-Stream Crossings

1983 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Rothwell
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Final Conclusion ◽  
Sediment Control ◽  
Sediment Production ◽  
Control Erosion

The effectiveness of a "brush mulch" to control erosion and sediment at road-stream crossings was evaluated by measurement and comparison of upstream and downstream suspended sediment. The brush mulch consisted of logging debris, such as branches, tree tops and logs 2-15 cm in diameter, laid on the ground to intercept and to slow overland flow and to trap sediment. Two treatments were defined and tested. Treatment no. 1 was a brush mulch and grass-fertilizer mixture applied by hydroseeding to three bare soil road-stream crossings. Treatment no. 2 was a grass-fertilizer mixture applied by hydroseeding to another three road-stream crossings.Total seasonal and storm sediment production for mulched and unmulched crossings averaged 31 and 37, and 566 and 2297 kg/day/ha, respectively. Tests showed significant differences between treatments for both seasonal and storm sediment production. The levels of significance were low because of high variability in sediment production among treatments and road crossings. Frequent onsite inspections during storm and nonstorm conditions, however, identified sources of variability and supported a final conclusion that the brush mulch was effective for erosion and sediment control at road-stream crossings.

scholarly journals Measurement and control of high suspended sediment concentration during the Kurobe River sediment flushing with submersible type SMDP

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 03031
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Sumi ◽  
Saichiro Morita ◽  
Hideaki Komiya
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Suspended Sediment Concentration ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Gate Operation ◽  
Sediment Routing ◽  
Sediment Flushing ◽  
Time Basis ◽  
Critical Timing

In the Kurobe River, coordinated sediment flushing and sediment sluicing of Dashidaira and Unazuki dams have been executed since 2001. From the view point of the comprehensive sediment management in the sediment routing system, monitoring of quantity and quality of sediment transport during these events in rivers and reservoirs is very important. This paper shows the results of continuous measurement of high suspended sediment concentration during sediment flushing and sluicing operation of Unazuki dam in 2015 and 2016. These data have been obtained by submergible type of Suspended Sediment Concentration Measuring System with Differential Pressure Transmitter (hereinafter we call ‘submergible type SMDP’), which is designed to be placed underwater. Measured data have good correlation with manual sampling and effectively utilized to control gate operation by real-time basis during the most critical timing producing extreme high concentration just before free flow starts for sediment flushing.

scholarly journals Infiltration capacity of roadside filter strips with non-uniform overland flow

2017 ◽  
Vol 545 ◽  
pp. 451-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
María García-Serrana ◽  
John S. Gulliver ◽  
John L. Nieber
Keyword(s):  
Overland Flow ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Filter Strips

Effect of Grass Filter Strips on PO4-P and Soil Loss in Runoff from Forage Cropland

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-316
Author(s):  
Nam-Chul Jo ◽  
Sei-Hyung Yoon ◽  
Ki-Young Kim ◽  
Ki-Won Lee ◽  
Meng-Jung Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Loss ◽  
Filter Strips ◽  
Grass Filter Strips

scholarly journals Effect of Grass Filter Strips on NO3-N in Runoff from Forage Cropland

2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
Nam-Chul Jo ◽  
Won-Ho Kim ◽  
Sung Seo ◽  
Sei-Hyung Yoon ◽  
Ki-Won Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Filter Strips ◽  
Grass Filter Strips
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