Simulated effect of soil depth and bedrock topography on near-surface hydrologic response and slope stability

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiano Lanni ◽  
Jeff McDonnell ◽  
Luisa Hopp ◽  
Riccardo Rigon
Keyword(s):  
Slope Stability ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Hydrologic Response ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Bedrock Topography ◽  
Simulated Effect

Simulated effect of a forest road on near-surface hydrologic response and slope stability

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anona L. Dutton ◽  
Keith Loague ◽  
Beverley C. Wemple
Keyword(s):  
Slope Stability ◽  
Hydrologic Response ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Forest Road ◽  
Simulated Effect

scholarly journals Simulated effect of a forest road on near-surface hydrologic response: redux

2006 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin B. Mirus ◽  
Brian A. Ebel ◽  
Keith Loague ◽  
Beverley C. Wemple
Keyword(s):  
Hydrologic Response ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Forest Road ◽  
Simulated Effect

scholarly journals Evaluation of air–soil temperature relationships simulated by land surface models during winter across the permafrost region

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1721-1737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenli Wang ◽  
Annette Rinke ◽  
John C. Moore ◽  
Duoying Ji ◽  
Xuefeng Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Snow Depth ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Permafrost Region ◽  
Simple Relationship ◽  
Land Surface Models ◽  
Cross Model ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Surface Models

Abstract. A realistic simulation of snow cover and its thermal properties are important for accurate modelling of permafrost. We analyse simulated relationships between air and near-surface (20 cm) soil temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere permafrost region during winter, with a particular focus on snow insulation effects in nine land surface models, and compare them with observations from 268 Russian stations. There are large cross-model differences in the simulated differences between near-surface soil and air temperatures (ΔT; 3 to 14 °C), in the sensitivity of soil-to-air temperature (0.13 to 0.96 °C °C−1), and in the relationship between ΔT and snow depth. The observed relationship between ΔT and snow depth can be used as a metric to evaluate the effects of each model's representation of snow insulation, hence guide improvements to the model's conceptual structure and process parameterisations. Models with better performance apply multilayer snow schemes and consider complex snow processes. Some models show poor performance in representing snow insulation due to underestimation of snow depth and/or overestimation of snow conductivity. Generally, models identified as most acceptable with respect to snow insulation simulate reasonable areas of near-surface permafrost (13.19 to 15.77 million km2). However, there is not a simple relationship between the sophistication of the snow insulation in the acceptable models and the simulated area of Northern Hemisphere near-surface permafrost, because several other factors, such as soil depth used in the models, the treatment of soil organic matter content, hydrology and vegetation cover, also affect the simulated permafrost distribution.

Near-surface hydrologic response for a steep, unchanneled catchment near Coos Bay, Oregon: 2. Physics-based simulations

2007 ◽  
Vol 307 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Ebel ◽  
K. Loague ◽  
J. E. Vanderkwaak ◽  
W. E. Dietrich ◽  
D. R. Montgomery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrologic Response ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Coos Bay

scholarly journals Soil moisture storage and hillslope stability

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 523-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Talebi ◽  
R. Uijlenhoet ◽  
P. A. Troch
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Slope Stability ◽  
Safety Factor ◽  
Unsaturated Zone ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Infinite Slope ◽  
Stability Model ◽  
Hillslope Stability

Abstract. Recently, we presented a steady-state analytical hillslope stability model to study rain-induced shallow landslides. This model is based on kinematic wave dynamics of saturated subsurface storage and the infinite slope stability assumption. Here we apply the model to investigate the effect of neglecting the unsaturated storage on the assessment of slope stability in the steady-state hydrology. For that purpose we extend the hydrological model to compute the soil pore pressure distribution over the entire flow domain. We also apply this model for hillslopes with non-constant soil depth to compare the stability of different hillslopes and to find the critical slip surface in hillslopes with different geometric characteristics. In order to do this, we incorporate more complex approaches to compute slope stability (Janbu's non-circular method and Bishop's simplified method) in the steady-state analytical hillslope stability model. We compare the safety factor (FS) derived from the infinite slope stability method and the more complex approach for two cases: with and without the soil moisture profile in the unsaturated zone. We apply this extended hillslope stability model to nine characteristic hillslope types with three different profile curvatures (concave, straight, convex) and three different plan shapes (convergent, parallel, divergent). Overall, we find that unsaturated zone storage does not play a critical role in determining the factor of safety for shallow and deep landslides. As a result, the effect of the unsaturated zone storage on slope stability can be neglected in the steady-state hydrology and one can assume the same bulk specific weight below and above the water table. We find that steep slopes with concave profile and convergent plan shape have the least stability. We also demonstrate that in hillslopes with non-constant soil depth (possible deep landslides), the ones with convex profiles and convergent plan shapes have slip surfaces with the minimum safety factor near the outlet region. In general, when plan shape changes from divergent to convergent, stability decreases for all length profiles. Finally, we show that the applied slope stability methods and steady-state hydrology model based on the relative saturated storage can be used safely to investigate the relation between hillslope geometry and hillslope stability.

scholarly journals PPV Criterion of a Rock Slope Imbedded with a Fault subjected to Blasting P-Waves

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Shiwei Lu ◽  
Chuanbo Zhou ◽  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
Ling Ji ◽  
Nan Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Slope Stability ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Poisson’S Ratio ◽  
Rock Slope ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Intact Rock ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Poisson's Ratio ◽  
Rock Slopes ◽  
Near Surface

The open-pit mining slopes continue to become higher and steeper with the continuous exploitation of near-surface mineral resources. The blasting excavation exerts a significance influence on the slope stability. In fact, intact rock slopes do not exist and slope stability is controlled by the geological defects. In this paper, the stability of a rock slope imbedded with a fault is considered. The P-wave component of blasting seismic waves is focused on and the fault is simplified as a semi-infinite crack. In background of Daye iron mine, the peak particle velocity (PPV) threshold is determined based on the linear elastic fracture dynamics. The influence of frequency, Young's modulus, and Poisson's ratio is studied to modify the PPV threshold. Results show that (1) the PPV threshold decreases with the increasing Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio, but increases with the increasing frequency; (2) the initiation angle is immune to Young's modulus and the frequency, and only depends on the Poisson's ratio; (3) the PPV criterion is finally determined as 1.47 cm/s when the frequency f ≤ 10 Hz, 1.47 cm/s–3.30 cm/s when 10 Hz < f ≤ 50 Hz and 3.37 cm/s–6.59 cm/s when f > 50 Hz, which are far less than that of intact rock slopes; (4) The north slope is quite safe if the proposed PPV threshold is not violated due to the variation range of the initiation angle θ0.

scholarly journals The effect of spatial throughfall patterns on soil moisture patterns at the hillslope scale

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 8625-8663 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. J. Coenders-Gerrits ◽  
L. Hopp ◽  
H. H. G. Savenije ◽  
L. Pfister
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Slope Angle ◽  
Effective Range ◽  
Virtual Experiment ◽  
Virtual Experiments ◽  
Bedrock Topography ◽  
Modelling Studies ◽  
Hillslope Scale

Abstract. A better understanding of the controls on subsurface stormflow generation has been the focus of numerous experimental and modelling studies. However, the effect of the spatial variability of throughfall on soil moisture patterns and subsurface stormflow (SSF) generation has not yet been studied in detail. The objectives of this study are three-fold: (1) to investigate the influence of spatially variable throughfall on soil moisture; (2) to investigate if soil moisture patterns reflect a balance between throughfall and bedrock topography patterns; and (3) to investigate how this balance changes when soil depth, storm size and slope angle are varied. Virtual experiments are used to address these questions. A virtual experiment is a numerical experiment driven by collective field intelligence. It provides a learning tool to investigate the effect of separated processes in a complex system. In our virtual experiment we combined spatial throughfall data from the Huewelerbach catchment in Luxembourg with the topography characteristics of a well-studied hillslope within the Panola Mountain Research Watershed, Georgia, USA. We used HYDRUS-3D as a modeling platform. The virtual experiment shows that throughfall patterns influence soil moisture patterns, but only during and shortly after a storm. With a semi-variogram analysis we showed how the effective range of the soil moisture pattern (i.e. the main descriptor of a spatial pattern in case of a small nugget to sill ratio), has a similar effective range as the throughfall pattern during the storm and gradually returns to the effective range of the bedrock topography pattern after throughfall has ceased. The same analysis was carried out to investigate how this balance changes due to changes in storm size and hillslope controls. The analysis showed that the throughfall pattern is more important during large storms on gentle slopes. For steeper slopes the bedrock topography becomes more important.

scholarly journals ANALISIS BENTUK GEOMETRI TERHADAP STABILITAS LERENG PADA TAMBANG TERBUKA DARI ASPEK GEOTEKNIK

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-176
Author(s):  
Lisa Fianti ◽  
Munirwansyah Munirwansyah ◽  
Halida Yunita
Keyword(s):  
Slope Stability ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Slope Angle ◽  
Geometric Shape ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Soil Parameter ◽  
The Stability

Aceh Province is one of the coal producers, especially Sumber Batu Village in Meurebo District, West Aceh Regency. In the implementation of coal mining, it is necessary to pay attention to the slope stability of open-pit mining to identify and estimate the possibility of landslides. For this reason, the author conducted research in analyzing the geometric shape of the slope stability with the slope variance of modeling the reduction of the existing angle αeks - 10% to the depth of three layers of soil 11 meters. The 1st layer of soil is 1.5 meters, the second layer of soil is 2.5 meters, and the third layer of soil is 7 meters. Slope stability is strongly influenced by the geometric shape of the slope and the strength of soil parameters. To identify the stability of the slope against slope failure, computationally performed using the finite element method with Plaxis software as the reference for the value of FK 1.25, which is considered safe/stable, meaning that collapse rarely occurs. In this research, primary data is used in the form of direct observation in the field, namely taking soil samples to obtain soil data in the form of soil physical properties and soil mechanical properties into soil parameter data, which is tested in the soil laboratory. Secondary data used are map data, boring data, and Sondir data. Soil parameter data were processed using Plaxis software. The results of the slope stability analysis showed that by modeling the geometric shape of the slope (αeks - 10%) on the open slope of a coal mine with a soil depth of 11 meters, the FK value was 3.60. From the results of the FK scores, it shows that the slope of the slope is 3.60 1.25 above the reference value of safe/stable FK. The FK value is 0.2 greater than the FK existing geometry. The conclusion of this study is that geometric shapes play an important role in determining the stability of an open coal pit excavation slope. The smaller the slope angle, the greater the FK value obtained, or the more gentle the slope, the higher the safety value of a slope.

scholarly journals The effect of spatial throughfall patterns on soil moisture patterns at the hillslope scale

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1749-1763 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. J. Coenders-Gerrits ◽  
L. Hopp ◽  
H. H. G. Savenije ◽  
L. Pfister
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Numerical Experiment ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Slope Angle ◽  
Effective Range ◽  
Virtual Experiment ◽  
Virtual Experiments ◽  
Bedrock Topography ◽  
Hillslope Scale

Abstract. Improving the understanding of the controls on subsurface stormflow generation has been the goal of numerous experimental and modeling studies. However, the effect of the spatial variability of throughfall on soil moisture patterns and subsurface stormflow (SSF) generation has not yet been studied in detail. The objectives of this study are three-fold: (1) to investigate the influence of a spatially variable throughfall pattern on soil moisture; (2) to investigate if soil moisture patterns reflect a balance between a throughfall and bedrock topography patterns; and (3) to investigate how this balance changes when soil depth, storm size and slope angle are varied. Virtual experiments are used to address these questions. A virtual experiment is a numerical experiment driven by collective field intelligence. It provides a learning tool to investigate the effect of individual processes in a complex system. In our virtual experiment we combined spatial throughfall data from the Huewelerbach catchment in Luxembourg with the topography of a well-studied hillslope within the Panola Mountain Research Watershed, Georgia, USA. We used HYDRUS-3D as a modeling platform. The virtual experiment shows that throughfall patterns influence soil moisture patterns, but only during and shortly after a storm. With a semi-variogram analysis we showed how the effective range of the soil moisture pattern (i.e., the main descriptor of a spatial pattern in case of a small nugget to sill ratio), is similar to the effective range of the throughfall pattern during the storm and gradually returns to the effective range of the bedrock topography after throughfall has ceased. The same analysis was carried out to investigate how this balance changes due to changes in storm size, soil depth, and slope. The analysis showed that the throughfall pattern is more important during large storms on gentle slopes. For steeper slopes the bedrock topography becomes more important.

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