scholarly journals Modelling mean annual sediment yield using a distributed approach

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1221-1236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton J. J. Van Rompaey ◽  
Gert Verstraeten ◽  
Kristof Van Oost ◽  
Gerard Govers ◽  
Jean Poesen
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Distributed Approach ◽  
Annual Sediment

scholarly journals Using SWAT to Evaluate Streamflow and Lake Sediment Loading in the Xinjiang River Basin with Limited Data

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lifeng Yuan ◽  
Kenneth J. Forshay
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Lake Sediment ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Sediment Load ◽  
Poyang Lake ◽  
Sediment Source ◽  
Sediment Loading ◽  
Source Areas ◽  
Annual Sediment

Soil erosion and lake sediment loading are primary concerns of watershed managers around the world. In the Xinjiang River Basin of China, severe soil erosion occurs primarily during monsoon periods, resulting in sediment flow into Poyang Lake and subsequently causing lake water quality deterioration. Here, we identified high-risk soil erosion areas and conditions that drive sediment yield in a watershed system with limited available data to guide localized soil erosion control measures intended to support reduced sediment load into Poyang Lake. We used the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model to simulate monthly and annual sediment yield based on a calibrated SWAT streamflow model, identified where sediment originated, and determined what geographic factors drove the loading within the watershed. We applied monthly and daily streamflow discharge (1985–2009) and monthly suspended sediment load data (1985–2001) to Meigang station to conduct parameter sensitivity analysis, calibration, validation, and uncertainty analysis of the model. The coefficient of determination (R2), Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), percent bias (PBIAS), and RMSE -observation’s standard deviation ratio (RSR) values of the monthly sediment load were 0.63, 0.62, 3.8%, and 0.61 during calibration, respectively. Spatially, the annual sediment yield rate ranged from 3 ton ha−1year−1 on riparian lowlands of the Xinjiang main channel to 33 ton ha−1year−1 on mountain highlands, with a basin-wide mean of 19 ton ha−1year−1. The study showed that 99.9% of the total land area suffered soil loss (greater than 5 ton ha−1year−1). More sediment originated from the southern mountain highlands than from the northern mountain highlands of the Xinjiang river channel. These results suggest that specific land use types and geographic conditions can be identified as hotspots of sediment source with relatively scarce data; in this case, orchards, barren lands, and mountain highlands with slopes greater than 25° were the primary sediment source areas. This study developed a reliable, physically-based streamflow model and illustrates critical source areas and conditions that influence sediment yield.

scholarly journals Sediment Load and Suspended Sediment Concentration Prediction

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bečvář Martin
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Suspended Sediment Concentration ◽  
Sediment Load ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
River Basins ◽  
River Systems ◽  
Sediment Yields ◽  
Suspended Sediment Concentrations ◽  
Annual Sediment

Sediment is a natural component of riverine environments and its presence in river systems is essential. However, in many ways and many places river systems and the landscape have been strongly affected by human activities which have destroyed naturally balanced sediment supply and sediment transport within catchments. As a consequence a number of severe environmental problems and failures have been identified, in particular the link between sediments and chemicals is crucial and has become a subject of major scientific interest. Sediment load and sediment concentration are therefore highly important variables that may play a key role in environment quality assessment and help to evaluate the extent of potential adverse impacts. This paper introduces a methodology to predict sediment loads and suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) in large European river basins. The methodology was developed within an MSc research study that was conducted in order to improve sediment modelling in the GREAT-ER point source pollution river modelling package. Currently GREAT-ER uses suspended sediment concentration of 15 mg/l for all rivers in Europe which is an obvious oversimplification. The basic principle of the methodology to predict sediment concentration is to estimate annual sediment load at the point of interest and the amount of water that transports it. The amount of transported material is then redistributed in that corresponding water volume (using the flow characteristic) which determines sediment concentrations. Across the continent, 44 river basins belonging to major European rivers were investigated. Suspended sediment concentration data were collected from various European basins in order to obtain observed sediment yields. These were then compared against the traditional empiric sediment yield estimators. Three good approaches for sediment yield prediction were introduced based on the comparison. The three approaches were applied to predict annual sediment yields which were consequently translated into suspended sediment concentrations. SSC were predicted at 47 locations widely distributed around Europe. The verification of the methodology was carried out using data from the Czech Republic. Observed SSC were compared against the predicted ones which validated the methodology for SSC prediction.

scholarly journals Erosion index formulation with respect to reservoir life in the upper Citarum watershed

2018 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 03002
Author(s):  
Bakhtiar
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Erosion Index ◽  
Dead Storage ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Water Assessment ◽  
Annual Sediment

This study aimed to formulate erosion index in the upper Citarum watershed with respect to the Saguling reservoir life. Soil and Water Assessment Tool model was incorporated to simulate hydrological processes in the catchment. From the calibration and validation results, the model is considerably of good performance. The simulated sediment inflow at Nanjung outlet was then extrapolated to determine the sediment inflow into the reservoir. The study revealed that the average value of sediment inflow into the reservoir is 29.24 tonnes/ha/year just below the tolerable erosion limit of 30 tonnes/ha/year assumed by Hammer (1981). It was also found that the relationship between sediment yield and sediment inflow is non linear. Erosion index is formulated as the ratio between the mean annual sediment yield generated in the watershed and the mean annual sediment yield that leads dead storage to be full in the designated life of the reservoir. Erosion index equals to 1.0 indicates that the dead storage will be full in the designated life of the reservoir. A classification of erosion index can be subsequently be made based on erosion index and reservoir life relationship.

Temporal variability of annual suspended sediment yield estimates and their uncertainties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aron Slabon ◽  
Thomas Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Sediment Load ◽  
Sampling Interval ◽  
Suspended Sediment Transport ◽  
River Rhine ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Annual Sediment

<p>Suspended sediment contributes to the vast majority of the annual sediment load transported by rivers to the global oceans. At the same time, this large fraction is transported just in a fraction of time. Towards achieving sustainable sediment management and healthy fluvial systems, identifying the impact of the temporal variability on annual load estimates becomes indispensable in order to reduce uncertainties.</p><p>We aim to estimate the temporal variability of suspended sediment transport and the uncertainty of annual suspended sediment loads. Our approach is based on high-resolution time series (15 min sampling interval) of discharge and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) at four monitoring stations with different degrees of discharge variability. The quantification of the variability of discharge and sediment yield is achieved through the exceedance time. The uncertainty of the annual sediment load is estimated using a bootstrap approach. We assess the impact of the sampling interval and link the optimal sampling interval to different SSC-variability. Further, the impact of rating parameters on the uncertainty of annual loads is investigated.</p><p>Our results indicate an increase in SSC-variability with decreasing discharge, leading to a negative relationship with the contributing catchment area. The 80 % exceedance times for the annual sediment load range from less than 10 % for the river Ammer (catchment area 608 km²) between 10 – 20 % for the rivers Ilz (765 km²) and Moselle (27 088 km²) to more than 40 % for the river Rhine (109 806 km²). Simultaneously, the variability increases with a decrease in sampling frequency. Our preliminary results indicate a negative exponential relationship between exceedance time and uncertainties in annual load estimates. This relationship can be used to estimate the uncertainty of annual loads estimated based on low frequency sediment sampling at the continental to global scale.</p>

scholarly journals Multidecadal Sediment Balance Modelling of a Cascade of Alpine Reservoirs and Perspectives Based on Climate Warming

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastián Guillén-Ludeña ◽  
Pedro Manso ◽  
Anton Schleiss
Keyword(s):  
Climate Warming ◽  
Sedimentation Rate ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Swiss Alps ◽  
Active Management ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Sediment Fluxes ◽  
Sediment Balance ◽  
Total Sedimentation ◽  
Annual Sediment

This paper presents a comprehensive methodology to model and determine the annual sediment balance of a complex system of interconnected reservoirs, based on the detailed interpretation of a multi-decadal data series of reservoir management and modelling of sediment fluxes. This methodology is applied to the reservoirs of Oberaar, Grimsel, Räterichsboden, and Trift, which are located in the Swiss Alps. Additionally, the effects of climate warming on the annual sediment yield are investigated. Modelling results show that at present, the hydropower cascade formed by Oberaar, Grimsel, and Räterichsboden retains about 92% of the annual sediment yield, of which only the finest fraction leaves the system and enters the river network. Very fine sediments (d < 10 μm) account for 28% of the total sedimentation rate and in the case of Oberaar, it can reach up to 46% of the total sedimentation rate. Under a climate warming scenario, both sediment yield and runoff are expected to increase in terms of the annual average throughout the XXIst century, which will likely lead to greater annual inputs of sediments to the reservoirs. This, in turn, will lead to a higher sedimentation rate and suspended sediment concentration in the reservoirs, unless active management of the sediment fluxes is implemented.

scholarly journals Future impacts of climate change on sediment influx rate in hydropower reservoir using SWAT

2021 ◽  
Vol 880 (1) ◽  
pp. 012024
Author(s):  
A Z Abdul Razad ◽  
S H Shamsuddini ◽  
A Setu ◽  
L Mohd Sidek
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Sediment Load ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Catchment Management ◽  
Influx Rate ◽  
Control Plan ◽  
Annual Sediment

Abstract Climate change causes more frequent and intense rainfall events, leading to severe erosion in the catchment and sediment transferred into rivers and reservoirs. This study focus on long term sediment load in major rivers in Cameron Highlands and prediction of annual sediment inflow into Ringlet Reservoir from 2000 to 2030. Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is used as the simulation tool, utilising future gridded rainfall 2017 to 2030 under CCSM and future land use 2030. Future annual rainfall is minimum at 1551 mm (in 2030) and maximum at 3150 mm (in 2029). The future projected annual sediment load into Ringlet Reservoir from 2017 to 2030 is averaged at 354,013 m3/year, ranging from 216,981 to 461,886 m3/year. Comparing between the historical period of 2000 to 2016 and future projection (2017–2030), annual sediment load shows an increase of 12 %. To combat the increase sediment yield, catchment management such as erosion control plan, drainage and runoff control must be developed to minimise sediment yield and subsequent effect of high sediment load transport via rivers and drainage network.

scholarly journals PREDICTING SOIL EROSION AND SEDIMENT YIELD IN THE TAPACURÁ CATCHMENT, BRAZIL

2014 ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richarde Marques Da Silva ◽  
Celso A. G. Santos ◽  
Alexandro Medeiros Silva
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Sediment Delivery Ratio ◽  
Sediment Delivery ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Erosion Coefficient ◽  
Erodibility Coefficient ◽  
Empirical Coefficients ◽  
Annual Sediment

The EPM is a model for qualifying the erosion severity and estimating the total annual sediment yield. The EPM uses empirical coefficients (erodibility coefficient, protection coefficient and erosion coefficient) and a matrix of the basin physical characteristics. The EPM gives a quantitative estimation of erosion intensity as well as the estimation of sediment yield and transportation. To analyze the suitability of the Gavrilovic method for use with GIS techniques, we prepared cartographic data on geology, pedology, slope, temperature and land use in digital form. A raster-based Geographic Information System (GIS) was applied to generate the erosion-severity and sediment yield maps. In order to validate the EPM estimated erosion, data annual sediment yield were collected between 1999 and 2007. The results showed a mean sediment delivery ratio (SDR) of around 8% and a calculated mean sediment yield of 0.108 t/ha/year, which is close to the observed one, 0.169 t/ha/year. The obtained soil loss map could be considered as a useful tool for environmental monitoring and water resources management.

scholarly journals Changes in the hydrological status of the basin due to the application of erosion control works

2016 ◽  
pp. 189-200
Author(s):  
Jasmina Radonjic ◽  
Ratko Ristic ◽  
Sinisa Polovina
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Sediment Discharge ◽  
Erosion Coefficient ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Maximal Discharge ◽  
Strong Erosion ◽  
Annual Sediment ◽  
Hydrographic Network

Protection of land with vegetation is the primary factor in the fight against water erosion with necessary application of biotechnical, technical, administrative and planning measures. One of the first basins to be treated with works for the protection against erosion and torrent control is the Gradasnica River basin. The basic parameters to display the changes of the hydrological status of the land are the state of erosion, the change of erosion-coefficient, annual sediment yield, specific annual sediment discharge through the hydrographic network, the value of the runoff curve number and value of the maximal discharge. Works on protection from erosion and regulations of torrents have influenced the decrease in erosion coefficient values from strong erosion (Z=0.99) to the value of weak erosion (Z=0.40), as well as the reduction of the maximum discharge value from Qmax(1956)=108,12m3/s to the value of Qmax(2014)=87.2 m3/s.

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