scholarly journals Hillslope scale surface runoff, sediment and nutrient losses associated with tramline wheelings

2010 ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Martyn Silgram ◽  
D.R Jackson ◽  
Alison Bailey ◽  
John Quinton ◽  
Carly Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Runoff Sediment ◽  
Hillslope Scale ◽  
Scale Surface

An integral-balance nonlinear model to simulate changes in soil moisture, groundwater and surface runoff dynamics at the hillslope scale

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 125-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodica Curtu ◽  
Ricardo Mantilla ◽  
Morgan Fonley ◽  
Luciana K. Cunha ◽  
Scott J. Small ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Nonlinear Model ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Hillslope Scale ◽  
Runoff Dynamics

Modelling Daily Surface Runoff, Sediment and Nutrient Loss at Watershed Scale Employing APEX Model Interfaced with GIS – A Case Study in Himalayan Landscape

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh Kumar ◽  
Ravinder Pal Singh ◽  
Justin George Kalambukattu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Watershed Scale ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Sediment Routing ◽  
Sediment Loss ◽  
Runoff Sediment ◽  
Apex Model

Abstract Daily surface runoff, sediment and nutrient loss data collected from a watershed located in Uttarakhand state of Indian Himalayan region, in year 2010-2011 and of which half of the events data were used for calibration and remaining for validation. Model was calibrated for surface runoff, sediment loss and nutrient loss to optimize the input given to the model to predict the sediment loss, erosion and nutrient loss. The calibration was done by changing the sensitive parameters. Analysis showed that SCS CN number was found most sensitive to runoff, followed by saturated hydraulic conductivity, available water-holding capacity, CN retention parameter and C factor whereas erosion control practice (P) factor was found to be most sensitive, followed by C factor, sediment routing coefficient, average upland slope and soil erodibility (K) factor for the sediment and nutrient loss. APEX model calibrated for the watershed and it predicted quite well for the surface runoff (r=0.92, NSE=0.50), sediment loss (r=0.88, NSE=0.61 and nutrients of total carbon (r=0.78, NSE=0.59) and fairly for total nitrogen (r=0.77, NSE=0.19). Surface runoff was predicted well for low and medium rainfall; however, it was over predicted for high rainfall events. Over prediction may be attributed to the unaccountable conservation measures and practices which were not accounted by the model. Similarly, sediment loss was estimated on daily basis at the watershed scale and was well predicted for low and medium rainfalls but under-estimated for high rainfall events. The area is prone to landslips occurred at high rainfall events was not accounted by the model that may be a reason for under prediction of sediment loss by the model.

scholarly journals Effects of gravel-sand mulch on the runoff, erosion, and nutrient losses in the Loess Plateau of north-western China under simulated rainfall

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Yang Qiu ◽  
Xinping Wang ◽  
Zhongkui Xie ◽  
Yajun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Western China ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Gravel Mulch ◽  
Runoff And Soil Loss ◽  
North Western ◽  
Fine Gravel

Gravel mulching is a characteristic agricultural technique that has been used for hundreds of years in the north-western Loess Plateau of China. However, the effects of the gravel-sand mulch on the processes of the runoff, soil erosion, and nutrient losses are neither fully distinguished nor even known in many parts of the world. This study investigated how different gravel particle sizes in the mulch affected the runoff, erosion as well as the extent of the nutrient losses in the surface runoff. The laboratory experiments were conducted using a rainfall simulator with three gravel mulch treatments: (1) fine gravel mulch (FG); (2) medium gravel mulch (MG); (3) coarse gravel mulch (CG) and a control group, bare soil (BS). The results of these rainfall simulation experiments gave estimates on how the grain size influences the runoff and losses of the soil and its nutrients. Applying the gravel mulch significantly delayed the runoff’s starting time when compared with the bare soil. Both the total runoff and soil loss increased with the grain size of the gravel mulch. Compared with the bare soil, the lowest surface runoff and soil loss was observed from the fine gravel treatment. These results clearly show that gravel mulch plays an important role in the runoff and sediment generation processes, and that it significantly reduces the surface runoff and soil loss. The losses of the total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and total organic carbon (TOC) from the bare soil were much higher than those under the gravel mulching. The fluctuations in these nutrient-loss processes were the most intense in the CG treatment, while the TC content, in initial runoff, was significantly higher in the FG than the other treatments. Our findings suggest gravel mulch is a useful water and soil conservation technique in the loess area of north-western China, and these results can inform one on the theoretical principles for properly utilising gravel-mulched fields.

scholarly journals Effects of Soil and Water Conservation Practices on Runoff, Sediment and Nutrient Losses

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuguo Han ◽  
Gary Feng ◽  
Ying Ouyang
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Soil And Water Conservation ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Conservation Practices ◽  
Fish Scale ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Bare Land ◽  
Runoff Sediment ◽  
Soil And Water

Rainfall is a major dynamic source of soil erosion and nutrient loss on slopes. Soil and water conservation practices and agricultural activities can change the soil surface morphology and thus affect erosion and nutrient losses. This study focused on the effects of several typical soil and water conservation practices and agricultural land, for the purpose of: (1) determining how these practices prevent erosion and nutrient loss and identifying the hydrodynamic mechanisms; and (2) determining the application conditions for different practices. Runoff, sediment, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in fish-scale pits, agricultural land, narrow terraces, shrub cover and bare land, under rainfall events in rainy seasons (from May to November) during the 2010–2015 period, were monitored. Slope hydrodynamic mechanisms and application conditions of these practices were also investigated. The results showed that compared with bare land, fish-scale pits performed the best in preventing runoff, sediment, TN and TP, followed by 30% shrub coverage, narrow terraces and agricultural land, successively. Total runoff, sediment, TN and TP losses in fish-scale pits site were 19.70%, 2.03%, 10.10% and 35.97% of those in bare land of the same area, respectively. Soil and water conservation practices could change the hydraulic characteristics of slopes, decrease Re (Reynolds) and Fr (Froude) numbers, thereby decreasing runoff, sediment, TN and TP losses. Fish-scale pits were suitable for the areas with small single rainfall and good water permeability. When rainfall was greater than 60 mm, narrow terraces had highest efficiency in reducing sediment loss; therefore, they were suitable for the areas with relatively high rainfall intensity and soils similar to the sandy loams of the study area. As to the practice of covering land with plants, the effect was sustainable due to the plants’ long-term growth. Agricultural land was not recommended since the losses on it were relatively higher due to the impact of human activities. In reality, these practices may be applied in combination so as to effectively control water, soil and nutrient losses.

scholarly journals Modeling the impacts of agricultural best management practices on runoff, sediment, and crop yield in an agriculture-pasture intensive watershed

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7093
Author(s):  
Solmaz Rasoulzadeh Gharibdousti ◽  
Gehendra Kharel ◽  
Arthur Stoecker
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Best Management ◽  
No Till ◽  
Runoff Sediment

Best management practices (BMPs) are commonly used to reduce sediment loadings. In this study, we modeled the Fort Cobb Reservoir watershed located in southwestern Oklahoma, USA using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and evaluated the impacts of five agricultural BMP scenarios on surface runoff, sediment yield, and crop yield. The hydrological model, with 43 sub-basins and 15,217 hydrological response units, was calibrated (1991–2000) and validated (2001–2010) against the monthly observations of streamflow, sediment grab samples, and crop-yields. The coefficient of determination (R2), Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NS) and percentage bias (PB) were used to determine model performance with satisfactory values of R2 (0.64 and 0.79) and NS (0.61 and 0.62) in the calibration and validation period respectively for streamflow. We found that contouring practice reduced surface runoff by more than 18% in both conservation tillage and no-till practices for all crops used in this modeling study. In addition, contour farming with either conservation tillage or no-till practice reduced sediment yield by almost half. Compared to the conservation tillage practice, no-till practice decreased sediment yield by 25.3% and 9.0% for cotton and grain sorghum, respectively. Using wheat as cover crop for grain sorghum generated the lowest runoff followed by its rotation with canola and cotton regardless of contouring. Converting all the crops in the watershed into Bermuda grass resulted in significant reduction in sediment yield (72.5–96.3%) and surface runoff (6.8–38.5%). The model can be used to provide useful information for stakeholders to prioritize ecologically sound and feasible BMPs at fields that are capable of reducing sediment yield while increasing crop yield.

Effect of No-Till and Extended Rotation on Nutrient Losses in Surface Runoff

2013 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 1329-1337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J. Shipitalo ◽  
Lloyd B. Owens ◽  
James V. Bonta ◽  
William M. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
No Till

scholarly journals Effects of rainfall intensity on runoff and nutrient loss of gently sloping farmland in a karst area of SW China

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0246505
Author(s):  
Yiwen Yao ◽  
Quanhou Dai ◽  
Ruxue Gao ◽  
Yixian Gan ◽  
Xingsong Yi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Rainfall Simulation ◽  
Karst Area ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Nutrient Runoff ◽  
Karst Areas ◽  
Sloping Farmland

Nutrient losses from sloping farmland in karst areas lead to the decline in land productivity and nonpoint source pollution. A specially tailored steel channel with an adjustable slope and underground hole fissures was used to simulate the microenvironment of the "dual structure" of the surface and underground of sloping farmland in a karst area. The artificial rainfall simulation method was used to explore the surface and underground runoff characteristics and nutrient losses from sloping farmland under different rainfall intensities. The effect of rainfall intensity on the nutrient loss of farmland on karst sloping land was clarified. The results showed that the surface was the main route of runoff and nutrient loss during the rainy season on sloping farmland in karst areas. The influence of rainfall intensity on the nutrients in surface runoff was more substantial than that on underground runoff nutrients. Nutrient loss was more likely to occur underground than on the surface. The losses of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium in surface and underground runoff initially increased and then gradually stabilized with the extension of rainfall duration and increased with increasing rainfall intensity and the amount of nutrient runoff. The output of nutrients through surface runoff accounted for a high proportion of the total, and underground runoff was responsible for a low proportion. Although the amount of nutrients output by underground runoff was small, it could directly cause groundwater pollution. The research results provide a theoretical reference for controlling land source pollution from sloping farming in karst areas.

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