Autistic characteristics in eating disorders: Treatment adaptations and impact on clinical outcomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuo Li ◽  
Daniel Halls ◽  
Sarah Byford ◽  
Kate Tchanturia
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Clinical Outcomes

scholarly journals The First Episode Rapid Early Intervention for Eating Disorders ‐ Upscaled study: Clinical outcomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia Austin ◽  
Michaela Flynn ◽  
James Shearer ◽  
Mike Long ◽  
Karina Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Early Intervention ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
First Episode

scholarly journals Association of family history of schizophrenia and clinical outcomes in individuals with eating disorders

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ruyue Zhang ◽  
Ralf Kuja-Halkola ◽  
Andreas Birgegård ◽  
Henrik Larsson ◽  
Paul Lichtenstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Family History ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Health Burden ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Familial co-aggregation studies of eating disorders (EDs) and schizophrenia reveal shared genetic and environment factors, yet their etiological and clinical relationship remains unclear. We evaluate the influence of schizophrenia family history on clinical outcomes of EDs. Methods We conducted a cohort evaluation of the association between family history of schizophrenia and ED clinical features, psychiatric comorbidities, and somatic and mental health burden in individuals born in Sweden 1977–2003 with anorexia nervosa (AN) or other EDs (OED: bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder, and ED not otherwise specified). Results Of 12 424 individuals with AN and 20 716 individuals with OED, 599 (4.8%) and 1118 (5.4%), respectively, had a family history of schizophrenia (in up to third-degree relatives). Among individuals with AN, schizophrenia in first-degree relatives was significantly associated with increased comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) [HR(95% CI) 2.26 (1.27–3.99)], substance abuse disorder (SUD) [HR (95% CI) 1.93 (1.25–2.98)], and anxiety disorders [HR (95% CI) 1.47 (1.08–2.01)], but higher lowest illness-associated body mass index (BMI) [1.14 kg/m2, 95% CI (0.19–2.10)]. Schizophrenia in any relative (up to third-degree) in AN was significantly associated with higher somatic and mental health burden, but lower ED psychopathology scores [−0.29, 95% CI (−0.54 to −0.04)]. Schizophrenia in first-degree relatives in individuals with OED was significantly associated with increased comorbid ADHD, obsessive-compulsive disorder, SUD, anxiety disorders, somatic and mental health burden, and suicide attempts. Conclusions We observed different patterns of ED-related outcomes, psychiatric comorbidity, and illness burden in individuals with EDs with and without family histories of schizophrenia and provide new insights into the diverse manifestations of EDs.

scholarly journals Early weight gain trajectories in first episode anorexia: predictors of outcome for emerging adults in outpatient treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Austin ◽  
M. Flynn ◽  
K. L. Richards ◽  
H. Sharpe ◽  
K. L. Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Outpatient Treatment ◽  
Early Response ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Treatment Start ◽  
Early Weight Gain

Abstract Background Early response to treatment has been shown to be a predictor of later clinical outcomes in eating disorders (EDs). Specifically, early weight gain trajectories in anorexia nervosa (AN) have been shown to predict higher rates of later remission in inpatient treatment. However, no study has, as of yet, examined this phenomenon within outpatient treatment of first episode cases of AN or in emerging adults. Methods One hundred seven patients with AN, all between the ages of 16 and 25 and with an illness duration of < 3 years, received treatment via the first episode rapid early intervention in eating disorders (FREED) service pathway. Weight was recorded routinely across early treatment sessions and recovery outcomes (BMI > 18.5 kg/m2 and eating psychopathology) were assessed up to 1 year later. Early weight gain across the first 12 treatment sessions was investigated using latent growth mixture modelling to determine distinct classes of change. Follow-up clinical outcomes and remission rates were compared between classes, and individual and clinical characteristics at baseline (treatment start) were tested as potential predictors. Results Four classes of early treatment trajectory were identified. Three of these classes (n = 95), though differing in their early change trajectories, showed substantial improvement in clinical outcomes at final follow-up. One smaller class (n = 12), characterised by a ‘higher’ start BMI (> 17) and no early weight gain, showed negligible improvement 1 year later. Of the three treatment responding groups, levels of purging, depression, and patient reported carer expressed emotion (in the form of high expectations and low tolerance of the patient) determined class membership, although these findings were not significant after correcting for multiple testing. A higher BMI at treatment start was not sufficient to predict optimal clinical outcomes. Conclusion First episode cases of AN treated via FREED fit into four distinct early response trajectory classes. These may represent subtypes of first episode AN patients. Three of these four trajectories included patients with substantial improvements 1 year later. For those in the non-response trajectory class, treatment adjustments or augmentations could be considered earlier, i.e., at treatment session 12.

Selecting Skills To Teach Communication Partners: Where Do I Start?

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 127-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy Binger ◽  
Jennifer Kent-Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Communication Partners ◽  
Multiple Challenges

Abstract Clinicians and researchers long have recognized that teaching communication partners how to provide AAC supports is essential to AAC success. One way to improve clinical outcomes is to select appropriate skills to teach communication partners. Although this sometimes seems like it should be a straightforward component of any intervention program, deciding which skills to teach partners can present multiple challenges. In this article, we will troubleshoot common issues and discuss how to select skills systematically, resulting in the desired effects for both communication partners and clients.

Linguistic Interactions: A Therapeutic Consideration for Adults With Aphasia

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Lynn E. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Interaction Models ◽  
Social Communities ◽  
Wernicke's Aphasia ◽  
Communication Challenges ◽  
Therapeutic Consideration ◽  
Patterns Of Interaction ◽  
Structural Language

Abstract Linguistic interaction models suggest that interrelationships arise between structural language components and between structural and pragmatic components when language is used in social contexts. The linguist, David Crystal (1986, 1987), has proposed that these relationships are central, not peripheral, to achieving desired clinical outcomes. For individuals with severe communication challenges, erratic or unpredictable relationships between structural and pragmatic components can result in atypical patterns of interaction between them and members of their social communities, which may create a perception of disablement. This paper presents a case study of a woman with fluent, Wernicke's aphasia that illustrates how attention to patterns of linguistic interaction may enhance AAC intervention for adults with aphasia.

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