Central and Peripheral Peptides Regulating Eating Behaviour and Energy Homeostasis in Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa: A Literature Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 307-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Tortorella ◽  
Francesca Brambilla ◽  
Michele Fabrazzo ◽  
Umberto Volpe ◽  
Alessio Maria Monteleone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Eating Behaviour

scholarly journals Plasma Obestatin, Ghrelin, and Ghrelin/Obestatin Ratio Are Increased in Underweight Patients with Anorexia Nervosa But Not in Symptomatic Patients with Bulimia Nervosa

2008 ◽  
Vol 93 (11) ◽  
pp. 4418-4421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palmiero Monteleone ◽  
Cristina Serritella ◽  
Vassilis Martiadis ◽  
Pasquale Scognamiglio ◽  
Mario Maj
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Women Patients ◽  
Underweight Patients ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Clinical Measures

Introduction: Peptides of the gut-brain axis have a pivotal role in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Obestatin, a sibling of ghrelin derived from preproghrelin, is thought to oppose ghrelin effects on food intake. Because changes in ghrelin levels have been associated with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN), the investigation of obestatin production may further contribute to understanding the role of peripheral peptides in patients with eating disorders. Methods: In the present study, we measured circulating blood levels of obestatin and ghrelin and assessed their relationships with anthropometric and clinical measures in 20 AN patients, 21 BN patients, and 20 appropriate healthy controls. Results: Compared with healthy women, patients with BN showed no significant differences in plasma obestatin and ghrelin concentrations and in the ghrelin/obestatin ratio, whereas underweight AN patients displayed significantly increased circulating levels of both obestatin (P < 0.009) and ghrelin (P < 0.002) and an increased ghrelin/obestatin ratio (P < 0.04). Moreover, in AN women, positive correlations emerged between the ghrelin/obestatin ratio and current body weight and body mass index. Conclusions: Underweight AN patients are characterized by increased concentrations of ghrelin and obestatin and a higher ghrelin to obestatin ratio. No changes in circulating ghrelin or obestatin as well as in ghrelin to obestatin ratio seem to occur in acutely ill patients with BN. Although those changes likely reflect the physiological state of symptomatic AN individuals, they may also contribute to the pathophysiology of the disorder.

Eating disorders

2020 ◽  
pp. 6509-6513
Author(s):  
Christopher G. Fairburn
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Medical Complications ◽  
Electrolyte Disturbance ◽  
Medical Unit ◽  
Life Threatening

The eating disorders are a group of conditions, central to which is a disturbance of eating behaviour. The main diagnoses are anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, in both of which there is an extreme concern with weight and shape. In anorexia nervosa, persistent dietary restriction leads to weight loss, which may be severe. In bulimia nervosa, the dietary restriction is interrupted by repeated episodes of binge eating (typically followed by self-induced vomiting) and weight is usually unremarkable. Both disorders may be accompanied by medical complications that present to physicians. Anorexia nervosa has the potential to be life-threatening because of the consequences of starvation. Patients may require medical attention for the correction of electrolyte disturbance and sometimes admission to a medical unit for refeeding. The main treatment of eating disorders is psychological. The prognosis of bulimia nervosa is generally good but is less positive for anorexia nervosa.

Assessing the Prevalence of Eating Disorders in an Australian Twin Population

1996 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 845-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracey Wade ◽  
Andrew C. Heath ◽  
Suzanne Abraham ◽  
Susan A. Treloar ◽  
N. G. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Telephone Interview ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
The World

Objective: This paper examines the prevalence of disordered eating in a female Australian twin population aged between 28 and 90 years in 1993. Method: In two waves of data collection, the eating behaviour of 3869 female twins was first assessed in 1988–1989 by self-report questionnaire and then in 1992-1993 with a telephone interview, using the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism interview. Results: It was found that about 0.4% of the women have a lifetime prevalence of anorexia nervosa and 1.8% of the group have suffered from bulimia nervosa. The incidence of bulimia nervosa but not anorexia nervosa was markedly higher for those women under 45 (2.3% bulimia nervosa) than for those women 45 years or older. Furthermore, one in three women have at some stage in their life used some extreme method of weight control. Conclusions: The levels of bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa found are commensurate with those found in smaller studies in Australia and other parts of the world. The finding of widespread use of extreme weight control methods is of concern as this behaviour is a well-recognised precursor to more serious eating disorders.

scholarly journals Anorexia nervosa and purgative-type bulimia nervosa: a fundamental role of the dental surgeon in diagnosis and treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Martins ◽  
Isabella Oliveira Rodrigues ◽  
Patrícia Garani Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Erosive Wear ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Rehabilitative Treatment ◽  
To Come ◽  
Salivary Substitutes

Introduction: In a world where appearance is considered above all by most people. It is in this unbridled search that some people end up acquiring eating disorders. Anorexia nervosa and purgative-type bulimia nervosa are diseases that are rarely taken into account in the first clinical assessment of the patient. Bulimia nervosa and Anorexia nervosa are eating disorder that causes serious physiological problems in the oral cavity, due to saliva calcification caused by frequent vomiting. Objective: it was to bring into discussion, through a literature review, the meticulous look that the dental surgeon must-have when performing the clinical examination and that he can be the first source in detecting signs of eating disorders and their clinical manifestations in the patient and so can forwards it to a multidisciplinary team for better diagnosis and treatment. Methods: This study followed an integrated literature review model and articles dating from 2001 to 2021 in English and Portuguese were selected. In virtual databases such as Scielo and PubMed. Results and Conclusion: The dental surgeon plays an important role in the team, controlling the development and progression of oral manifestations. Pass the oral hygiene guidelines, apply substances that can control the acids that are present in oral fluids; use salivary substitutes that can help reduce erosive wear. And always encourage this patient to come back for treatment. In extreme cases of damage to the dental structure, functional and anatomical, restorative or rehabilitative treatment is chosen. Recover form, function, esthetics and eliminate hypersensitivity and facilitate cleaning. The dental surgeon must be able to assess and diagnose the manifestations arising from eating disorders. Because it is the first professional to be able to detect and thus refer to a team of multi-professionals such as a psychologist, nutritionist, doctor and manage to perform the best possible treatment simultaneously and, through preventive and rehabilitative procedures, be able to return a better quality of life to the patient.

Perception of Autonomy and Connectedness Prior to the Onset of Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Huemer ◽  
Maria Haidvogl ◽  
Fritz Mattejat ◽  
Gudrun Wagner ◽  
Gerald Nobis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Individual Autonomy ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Image Test ◽  
Restrictive Type

Objective: This study examines retrospective correlates of nonshared family environment prior to onset of disease, by means of multiple familial informants, among anorexia and bulimia nervosa patients. Methods: A total of 332 participants was included (anorexia nervosa, restrictive type (AN-R): n = 41 plus families); bulimic patients (anorexia nervosa, binge-purging type; bulimia nervosa: n = 59 plus families). The EATAET Lifetime Diagnostic Interview was used to establish the diagnosis; the Subjective Family Image Test was used to derive emotional connectedness (EC) and individual autonomy (IA). Results: Bulimic and AN-R patients perceived significantly lower EC prior to onset of disease compared to their healthy sisters. Bulimic patients perceived significantly lower EC prior to onset of disease compared to AN-R patients and compared to their mothers and fathers. A low family sum – sister pairs sum comparison – of EC had a significant influence on the risk of developing bulimia nervosa. Contrary to expectations, AN-R patients did not perceive significantly lower levels of IA compared to their sisters, prior to onset of disease. Findings of low IA in currently ill AN-R patients may represent a disease consequence, not a risk factor. Conclusions: Developmental child psychiatrists should direct their attention to disturbances of EC, which may be present prior to the onset of the disease.

Die Rolle der Ernährungsberatung bei der Behandlung von Anorexia nervosa und Bulimia nervosa

Praxis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 108 (14) ◽  
pp. 931-936
Author(s):  
Sarah Stidwill ◽  
Iris Cook-Müller
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Therapeutische Beziehung

Zusammenfassung. Essstörungen wie Anorexia nervosa und Bulimia nervosa werden bevorzugt interdisziplinär therapiert. Neben somatischer und psychologischer/psychiatrischer Fachbegleitung stellt die Ernährungsberatung einen wichtigen Pfeiler dar. Die Er- und Bearbeitung verschiedener Themen wie inkorrektes Ernährungswissen, Hunger und Sättigung, Verbote und schlechtes Gewissen sind zentral. Auf den Erfolg wirkt sich die therapeutische Beziehung zur Ernährungsfachperson aus.

Erfassung dysfunktionaler Kognitionen zum Body Checking

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolin Neubauer ◽  
Caroline Bender ◽  
Brunna Tuschen-Caffier ◽  
Jennifer Svaldi ◽  
Jens Blechert
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Body Checking ◽  
Deutschsprachige Version

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Empirische Befunde zeigen, dass körperbezogenes Kontrollverhalten und die zugrunde liegenden Kognitionen eine zentrale Rolle in der Aufrechterhaltung von Essstörungspsychopathologie spielen. Fragestellung: Eine deutschsprachige Version der Body Checking Cognitions Scale (BCCS) soll teststatistisch überprüft werden. Methode: Frauen mit Anorexia Nervosa (n = 19), Bulimia Nervosa (n = 22) und Binge-Eating Störung (n = 28) sowie eine weibliche nicht-klinische Vergleichsgruppe (n = 195) füllten die BCCS sowie weitere Fragebögen zur Essstörungspsychopathologie aus. Ergebnisse: Das 4-Faktorenmodell der englischsprachigen Originalversion zeigte in Faktorenanalysen die beste Passung. Die deutschsprachige BCCS erwies sich als intern konsistent und zeigte eine zufriedenstellende konvergente und diskriminante Validität. Schlussfolgerungen: Die deutschsprachige BCCS ist ein reliabler und valider Selbstbeurteilungsfragebogen. Sie stellt ein vielversprechendes Instrument zum Einsatz in der Essstörungstherapie und -forschung dar.

Stationäre Behandlung von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Anorexia nervosa und Bulimia nervosa

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 230-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silke Naab ◽  
Markus Fumi ◽  
Sandra Schlegl ◽  
Ulrich Voderholzer
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Stationäre Behandlung ◽  
Junge Erwachsene ◽  
Psychische Komorbiditäten ◽  
Schweregrad Der Erkrankung

Zusammenfassung. Anorexia nervosa und Bulimia nervosa betreffen vor allem Jugendliche sowie junge Erwachsene, wobei das Ersterkrankungsalter sinkt, und bei Anorexia nervosa bereits 8-Jährige betroffen sein können. Häufig ist der Verlauf chronisch und kann sowohl schwere körperliche als auch psychische Komorbiditäten nach sich ziehen. Schlimmstenfalls enden Essstörungen tödlich (je nach Schweregrad der Erkrankung Mortalitätsraten bis zu 15 % bei Anorexia nervosa). Ein frühzeitiger Therapiebeginn geht mit einer verbesserten Prognose einher, weshalb die rasche Diagnosestellung von großer Bedeutung ist. Wesentlich hierfür ist die sichere Kenntnis der Diagnosekriterien sowie der essstörungstypischen Folgen. Es werden Aspekte der Symptomatik, Diagnostik, Differentialdiagnostik, Epidemiologie, Pathogenese, Funktionalität, sowie Therapiemöglichkeiten und eigene sowie internationale Studienergebnisse mit Schwerpunkt auf der stationären Therapie von Jugendlichen mit Anorexia nervosa und Bulimia nervosa ausgeführt.

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