Optimising heat exchangers for air-to-air space-heating heat pumps in the United Kingdom

Co-generation plants are the norm in the arid climates of the Middle East, producing electricity and fresh water from the sea. In cool climates such as that of the United Kingdom combined heat and power, and district heating are under reappraisal. An attempt is made in the paper to use exergy theory to generate a new unified sense of proportion for these forms of co-generation. From the new perspective springs a realization of the benefits to network operation and investment which would flow from the development of a range of large vapour compressor heat pumps. Doubt is cast on a concept, in current use, known as the ‘fuel utilization’ or ‘energy efficiency’. In the Middle East the concept has distorted co-generation system operation theory and capital investment principles. In United Kingdom documentation an unjustified aura of efficiency is ascribed to district heating, and condensing plants are wrongly denigrated. The paper is an attempt to propagate ideas. Realization of those ideas is in the references or is deferred for later papers. It is important that qualitative thinking is correct before quantification begins.

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Exergy-based Investigation of Various Heat Pumps for Enhancement of Their Thermodynamic Efficiency

Modeling, Control and Information Technologies ◽

10.31713/mcit.2019.69 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 168

Author(s):

Volodymyr Voloshchuk ◽

Paride Gullo

Keyword(s):

Built Environment ◽

Heat Exchangers ◽

Heat Pumps ◽

Space Heating ◽

Thermodynamic Efficiency ◽

Exergy Destruction ◽

Exergetic Analysis

The work demonstrates the results of application of the detailed advanced exergetic analysis to air-source, watersource and wastewater-source heat pumps providing space heating in the built environment. Cumulative values based on seasonal exergy destruction are used for deriving conclusions. It is shown that in the specified conditions of the investigated systems priorities for improving should be given to heat exchangers.

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An economic assessment of electricity for industrial space heating in the United Kingdom

Energy ◽

10.1016/0360-5442(82)90082-2 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. 969-989

Author(s):

M Morrison

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Economic Assessment ◽

Space Heating ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Industrial Space

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Responsibility of the State for Air Traffic Control

Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society ◽

10.1017/s0368393100074629 ◽

1961 ◽

Vol 65 (606) ◽

pp. 389-395

Author(s):

J. B. Veal

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Traffic Control ◽

Air Traffic Control ◽

Air Traffic ◽

The State ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Air Space

I shall try to set the Air Traffic Control scene by describing how the responsibilities of States to provide Air Traffic Services are currently exercised in the United Kingdom, and by indicating some of the measures being taken to ensure that these services keep pace with the increasing demands of the air space users. Any opinions I may express are, of course, my own, and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Ministry of Aviation.

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A Method to Analyze the Performance of Geocooling Systems with Borehole Heat Exchangers. Results in a Monitored Residential Building in Southern Alps

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14217407 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (21) ◽

pp. 7407

Author(s):

Marco Belliardi ◽

Nerio Cereghetti ◽

Paola Caputo ◽

Simone Ferrari

Keyword(s):

Heat Exchangers ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

Residential Building ◽

High Energy ◽

Heat Pumps ◽

Space Heating ◽

Geothermal Heat ◽

Space Cooling ◽

Efficient Alternative ◽

Borehole Heat Exchangers

Geothermal heat is an increasingly adopted source for satisfying all thermal purposes in buildings by reversible heat pumps (HP). However, for residential buildings located in moderate climates, geocooling, that implies the use of geothermal source for cooling buildings without the operation of HP, is an efficient alternative for space cooling not yet explored enough. Geocooling allows two main benefits: to cool the buildings by high energy efficiencies improving summer comfort; to recharge the ground if space heating is provided by HP exploiting the geothermal source (GSHP). In these cases, geocooling allows to avoid the decreasing of the performances of the GSHP for space heating over the years. To explore these issues, a method has been developed and tested on a real case: a new residential building in Lugano (southern Switzerland) coupled with 13 borehole heat exchangers. The system provides space heating in winter by a GSHP and space cooling in summer by geocooling. During a 40 months monitoring campaign, data such as temperatures, heat flows and electricity consumptions were recorded to calibrate the model and verify the benefits of such configuration. Focusing on summer operation, the efficiency of the system, after the improvements implemented, is above 30, confirming, at least in similar contexts, the feasibility of geocooling. Achieved results provides knowledge for future installations, underlining the replication potential and the possible limits.

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