Thermodynamic analysis of active modular internal combustion engine concept: Targeting efficiency increase and carbon dioxide emissions reduction of gasoline engines

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 3017-3029 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Matulić ◽  
G. Radica ◽  
S. Nižetić
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Gasoline Engines ◽  
Efficiency Increase ◽  
Engine Concept

scholarly journals A method to predict electric vehicles’ market penetration as well as its impact on energy saving and CO2 mitigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 003685042110402
Author(s):  
Shijun Fu ◽  
Hongji Fu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Market Penetration ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Mitigation

Introduction: Although forecasting electric vehicles’ growth in China was frequently reported in the literature, predicting electric vehicles market penetration as well as corresponding energy saving and carbon dioxide mitigation potential in a more suitable method is not well understood. Methods: This study chose the double species model to predict electric vehicles’ growth trajectory under mutually competitive conditions between electric vehicles and internal combustion engine vehicles. For comparison, it set two scenarios: with 200 and 300 vehicles per thousand persons at 2050. To give details on energy saving and carbon dioxide mitigation potential induced by electric vehicles’ market penetration, it further divided electric vehicles into five subgroups and internal combustion engine vehicles into seven subgroups, therein forming respective measurement formulas. Results: This paper solved the double species model and thus got its analytical formula. Then it employed the analytical formula to conduct an empirical study on electric vehicles market penetration in China from year 2010 to 2050. Under scenario 300, electric vehicles growth trajectory will emerge a quick growth stage during 2021–2035, thereafter keeping near invariant till 2050. Meanwhile, current internal combustion engine vehicles’ quick growth will continue up to 2027, then holding constant during 2028–2040, afterwards following a 10-year slowdown period. Scenario 200 has similar features, but a 2-year delay for electric vehicles and a 5-year lead time for internal combustion engine vehicles were found. On average, scenario 300 will save 114.4 Mt oil and 111.5 Mt carbon dioxide emissions, and scenario 200 will save 77.1 Mt oil and 73.4 Mt carbon dioxide emissions each year. Beyond 2032, annual 50.0% of road transport consumed oil and 18.6% of carbon dioxide emissions from this sector will be saved under scenario 300. Discussion: Compared with scenario 200, scenario 300 was more suitable to predict electric vehicle market penetration in China. In the short-term electric vehicle penetration only brings about trivial effects, while in the long-term it will contribute a lot to both energy security and carbon dioxide mitigation. The contribution of this article provided a more suitable methodology for predicting electric vehicle market penetration, simulated two coupled trajectories of electric vehicles and internal combustion engine vehicles, and discussed relative energy-saving and climate effects from 2010 to 2050.

scholarly journals Reduction of the carbon footprint of cargo vehicles with pneumatic recovery of braking energy

2021 ◽  
Vol 2094 (5) ◽  
pp. 052017
Author(s):  
A V Egorov ◽  
Yu F Kaizer ◽  
A V Lysyannikov ◽  
R B Zhelukevich ◽  
A V Kuznetsov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Internal Combustion

Abstract Reducing carbon dioxide emissions by passenger vehicles allows you to achieve the use of electric power plants and hybrid power plants made on the basis of thermal internal combustion engines and electric machines. However, the application of the above-mentioned approach for trucks is associated with significant difficulties due to the low specific capacity of the chemical current sources currently used. The recovery of braking energy of cargo vehicles in the pneumatic form is constrained by the need to achieve a high speed of switching on the pneumatic recuperator. In order to minimize the energy losses of the pneumatic recuperator during acceleration and steady-state. Without changing the design and reducing the reliability of the internal combustion engine, it is possible to supply air to its inlet at pressures not exceeding 350 kPa. When air is supplied to the internal combustion engine inlet at pressures of 200 and 300 kPa, it is possible to reduce specific carbon dioxide emissions by 16 and 37 % per unit of generated mechanical energy, respectively, compared to air supply under normal atmospheric conditions.

Carbon Dioxide Potential Reduction Using Start-Stop System in a Car

2013 ◽  
Vol 597 ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Kropiwnicki ◽  
Zbigniew Kneba
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Propulsion Systems ◽  
Potential Reduction

Operating fuel consumption increases significantly when the vehicle stops frequently while driving or when the engine is idling during braking. In such cases, the internal combustion engine consumes the fuel but the mechanical energy is not used by the drive system. The amount of fuel that is consumed in this time by the engine can potentially be saved if the car is equipped with a Stop-Start system. Start-Stop system automatically shuts down and restarts the internal combustion engine due to strategy used by controller reducing this way toxic compounds emissions in exhaust gasses and the fuel consumption, which is directly connected to carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The paper presents an analysis of the potential reduction in CO2 emissions for selected vehicles with Start-Stop system during operation in selected urban agglomeration using different strategies to control this system. The study was carried out using numerical models of propulsion systems. The results were compared with the statistical data derived from regular use of vehicles equipped with such a system.

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