A comparative analysis of energy and CO2 taxes on the primary energy mix for electricity generation

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 879-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kris Voorspools ◽  
Inneke Peersman ◽  
William D'haeseleer
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Mix

The Changing Energy Mix

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul F. Meier
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Leadership Role ◽  
Energy Mix ◽  
Common Criteria ◽  
The Us ◽  
Energy Type ◽  
Energy Balances

The energy mix is changing, and renewable energy is growing in importance. If you were born before 1989, you lived in a United States where no electricity was generated from either wind or solar power and very little from geothermal and biomass. By 2018, the combined generation from wind and solar had surpassed hydroelectricity. Fourteen states generated more than 10% of their electricity from wind and three generated more than 30%. And bioethanol, produced from corn grain, made up 10% of the US gasoline market. Changes have also occurred in the nonrenewable energy mix. Coal, which was responsible for 53% of the US electricity generation in 1998 is now only 28%, as natural gas has taken the leadership role, surpassing coal in 2015 as the primary energy for producing electricity. Similarly, the world did not see any electricity generation from wind until 1985 and none from solar until 1989. Now solar plus wind generate 7% of the worldwide electricity. The worldwide demand for all energy types is also increasing rapidly, as energy usage has increased 84% over the last twenty years. This book makes a systematic comparison of twelve different energy types to help understand the driving forces for this changing energy mix. Twelve common criteria are used to provide tools to make these comparisons, such as proven reserves, the levelized cost for each energy type, energy balances, environmental issues, and the energy footprint. Proven reserves are also projected for each renewable energy type.

scholarly journals CO<sub>2</sub> emissions inventory of Chinese cities

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuli Shan ◽  
Dabo Guan ◽  
Jianghua Liu ◽  
Zhu Liu ◽  
Jingru Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Primary Industry ◽  
Emission Mitigation ◽  
Chinese Cities ◽  
Emissions Inventory ◽  
Emissions Inventories

Abstract. China is the world's largest energy consumer and CO2 emitter. Cities contribute 85 % of the total CO2 emissions in China and thus are considered the key areas for implementing policies designed for climate change adaption and CO2 emission mitigation. However, understanding the CO2 emission status of Chinese cities remains a challenge, mainly owing to the lack of systematic statistics and poor data quality. This study presents a method for constructing a CO2 emissions inventory for Chinese cities in terms of the definition provided by the IPCC territorial emission accounting approach. We apply this method to compile CO2 emissions inventories for 20 Chinese cities. Each inventory covers 47 socioeconomic sectors, 20 energy types and 9 primary industry products. We find that cities are large emissions sources because of their intensive industrial activities, such as electricity generation, production for cement and other construction materials. Additionally, coal and its related products are the primary energy source to power Chinese cities, providing an average of 70 % of the total CO2 emissions. Understanding the emissions sources in Chinese cities using a concrete and consistent methodology is the basis for implementing any climate policy and goal.

Environmental implication of coal and oil energy utilization in Turkey: is the EKC hypothesis related to energy?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Adewale Alola ◽  
Ulrich Tiamgne Donve
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Ekc Hypothesis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Energy Mix ◽  
The Government

PurposeIn spite of the drive toward environmental sustainability and the attainment of sustainable development goals (SDGs), coal, oil and natural gas energy utilization has remained the Turkey's largest energy mix. In view of this concern, this study examined the role of coal and oil energy utilization in environmental sustainability drive of Turkey from the framework of sustainable development vis-à-vis income expansion over an extended period of 1965–2017.Design/methodology/approachIn this regard, the authors employ carbon emission as an environmental and dependent variable while the Gross Domestic Product per capita (GDPC), coal and oil energy consumption are the explanatory variables employed in the study.FindingsThe study found that both energy mixes (coal and oil) have a detrimental impact on the environment in both the short and long run, but oil consumption exerts a less severe impact as compared to coal energy. In addition, sustainable development via income growth is not feasible because the income–environmental degradation relationship follows a U-shaped pattern (invalidating the Environmental Kuznets curve, EKC hypothesis) especially when coal and oil remained the major source of lubrication to the economy. At least the EKC hypothesis is unattainable in Turkey as long as the country's major energy mix or primary energy (coal and oil) is in use, thus the application of other socioeconomic, macroeconomic policies might be essential.Research limitations/implicationsConsidering the lingering energy challenge associated with Turkey, this novel insight further presented useful policy perspectives to the government and stakeholders in the country's energy sector.Originality/valueThis evidence (the U-shaped relationship) is further ascertained when the aggregate primary energy is employed. Thus, this study provides a novel insight that attaining a sustainable economic growth in Turkey remained a herculean task as long as a more aggressive energy transition approach is not encouraged.

scholarly journals The Economics of Renewable Energy Sources into Electricity Generation in Tanzania

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baraka Kichonge ◽  
Iddi S. N. Mkilaha ◽  
Geoffrey R. John ◽  
Sameer Hameer
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Renewable Energy Technologies ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Primary Energy Supply

The study analyzes the economics of renewable energy sources into electricity generation in Tanzania. Business as usual (BAU) scenario and renewable energy (RE) scenario which enforce a mandatory penetration of renewable energy sources shares into electricity generations were analyzed. The results show total investment cost for the BAU scenario is much lower as compared to RE scenario while operating and maintenance variable costs are higher in BAU scenario. Primary energy supply in BAU scenario is higher tied with less investment costs as compared to RE scenario. Furthermore, the share of renewable energy sources in BAU scenario is insignificant as compared to RE scenario due to mandatory penetration policy imposed. Analysis concludes that there are much higher investments costs in RE scenario accompanied with less operating and variable costs and lower primary energy supply. Sensitivity analysis carried out suggests that regardless of changes in investments cost of coal and CCGT power plants, the penetration of renewable energy technologies was still insignificant. Notwithstanding the weaknesses of renewable energy technologies in terms of the associated higher investments costs, an interesting result is that it is possible to meet future electricity demand based on domestic resources including renewables.

scholarly journals Life-Cycle Carbon Emissions and Energy Return on Investment for 80% Domestic Renewable Electricity with Battery Storage in California (U.S.A.)

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Raugei ◽  
Alessio Peluso ◽  
Enrica Leccisi ◽  
Vasilis Fthenakis
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Renewable Electricity ◽  
Electricity Grid ◽  
Energy Return On Investment ◽  
Domestic Electricity ◽  
Installed Capacity

This paper presents a detailed life-cycle assessment of the greenhouse gas emissions, cumulative demand for total and non-renewable primary energy, and energy return on investment (EROI) for the domestic electricity grid mix in the U.S. state of California, using hourly historical data for 2018, and future projections of increased solar photovoltaic (PV) installed capacity with lithium-ion battery energy storage, so as to achieve 80% net renewable electricity generation in 2030, while ensuring the hourly matching of the supply and demand profiles at all times. Specifically—in line with California’s plans that aim to increase the renewable energy share into the electric grid—in this study, PV installed capacity is assumed to reach 43.7 GW in 2030, resulting of 52% of the 2030 domestic electricity generation. In the modelled 2030 scenario, single-cycle gas turbines and nuclear plants are completely phased out, while combined-cycle gas turbine output is reduced by 30% compared to 2018. Results indicate that 25% of renewable electricity ends up being routed into storage, while 2.8% is curtailed. Results also show that such energy transition strategy would be effective at curbing California’s domestic electricity grid mix carbon emissions by 50%, and reducing demand for non-renewable primary energy by 66%, while also achieving a 10% increase in overall EROI (in terms of electricity output per unit of investment).

PAKISTAN’S ENERGY CHOICE: WHAT DETERMINES THE ECONOMIC GROWTH?

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Nayeem ul Hassan Ansari ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Energy Mix ◽  
Adf Test

Over a decade Pakistan has been facing severe electricity crisis. The electricity crises and load shedding of more than 10 hours in a day hampers all the economic activities both in rural & urban areas. The purpose of the study was to find out the association between Electricity generation resources (Energy Mix) and Economic growth. The study is quantitative in nature. Secondary data of energy generation of 46 years, from 1071 to 2016 has been taken from Economic survey of Pakistan for the statistical tests. ADF test was conducted to check the Stationery of the data. Later cointegaration test was conducted to check the association among variables. The key findings of the study were that in short term energy resources from Hydel & Thermal determine the Economic Growth. Whereas, in long run only energy generation from thermal sources has positive impact on Economic Growth. For a developing country like Pakistan, attainment of ideal energy mix is the key for energy crises. The current study is very much helpful for the policy makers for the decision of ideal energy mix for Electricity generation which is not only the economical one but also sustainable for the country.

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