scholarly journals Solar‐driven brine desalination and concentration by controlled salt excretion

EcoMat ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Xia ◽  
Shi Yuan ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Li Gao ◽  
Xiwang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Salt Excretion

Growth and Salt Excretion via the Salt Glands of Rhodes Grass in the Soil Damaged by the Tsunami

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 378-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takao Oi ◽  
Masaki Sasagawa ◽  
Mitsutaka Taniguchi ◽  
Hiroshi Miyake
Keyword(s):  
Salt Glands ◽  
Rhodes Grass ◽  
Salt Excretion

Osmoregulation in the Lobster Homarus americanus

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 1123-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Dall
Keyword(s):  
Freezing Point ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Salinity Range ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
Salt Loading ◽  
Excess Water ◽  
Salt Excretion ◽  
Rapid Adjustment ◽  
Antennal Glands

Lobsters took 72 hr to adapt to a salinity of 20‰, with urine becoming markedly hypoosmotic to the blood during the first 25 hr, then increasing in concentration over the next 48 hr, though remaining significantly hypoosmotic to the blood. Adaptation to a salinity of 37‰ took 24 hr: the urine became almost isosmotic with the blood: the gastric and rectal fluids became hyperosmotic to the blood. Blood freezing-point determinations showed that over the salinity range 20–37‰ the lobster is able to osmoregulate to a limited extent only towards the lower end of the range, being otherwise an "osmocon-former." Salt-loading experiments indicated that the excess salts were rapidly excreted into the gut. It is concluded that the antennal glands are at least partly responsible for elimination of excess water, but that the gut is the site of salt excretion, and that there is rapid adjustment of salt imbalance.

scholarly journals Self-monitoring urinary salt excretion in adults: A novel education program for restricting dietary salt intake

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
KENICHIRO YASUTAKE ◽  
KAYOKO SAWANO ◽  
SHOKO YAMAGUCHI ◽  
HIROKO SAKAI ◽  
HATSUMI AMADERA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Education Program ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Dietary Salt ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Dietary Salt Intake ◽  
Salt Excretion

Effect of sympathetic and angiotensin-aldosterone systems on renal salt conservation in the rat

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (4) ◽  
pp. F538-F544 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Honrath ◽  
A. T. Veress ◽  
C. K. Chong ◽  
H. Sonnenberg
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Dietary Salt ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Efferent Nerve ◽  
Salt Diet ◽  
Salt Excretion ◽  
Losartan Group ◽  
Chloride Excretion ◽  
Salt Depletion ◽  
6 Hydroxydopamine

During dietary salt deprivation, the sympathetic nervous system and the angiotensin-aldosterone system are stimulated. Both systems are thought to be essential for maximal salt conservation by the kidney. To study their relative contributions, we produced negative salt balance in rats by intraperitoneal injection of furosemide, followed by a low-salt diet (<0.008% NaCl). In a 1-wk metabolic study, the animals were unable to replace the drug-induced salt deficit. Six groups of rats were studied. A control group established baseline function, a second group of 6-hydroxydopamine (OHDA) rats were treated with OHDA to destroy sympathetic efferent nerve terminals, and a third group (losartan) were treated with the angiotensin-receptor antagonist losartan. The influence of catecholamines and aldosterone released from the adrenal gland was studied in a further three groups. Rats were sham-adrenalectomized (sham), subjected to bilateral adrenal enucleation (Enuc) to eliminate catecholamine secretion, or were bilaterally adrenalectomized (Adx), eliminating both catecholamine and corticosteroid release. Dexamethasone was used as glucocorticoid replacement in this group. Steady-state urinary salt excretion was not different between control and OHDA rats. The losartan group showed significantly increased sodium but not chloride excretion. Surprisingly, there were no differences in salt excretion among sham, Enuc, and Adx groups. We conclude that, during a state of chronic salt depletion, renal mechanism(s) independent of neuronally released or systemically circulating catecholamines or of adrenally released aldosterone can ensure maximal salt conservation by the kidney. Although our data show that losartan increased sodium excretion under these conditions, we suggest that the losartan effect can be explained by a reduction of bicarbonate reabsorption, obligating simultaneous excretion of the cation.

scholarly journals Decreased renal function increases the nighttime urine volume rate by carryover of salt excretion to the nighttime

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kentaro Takezawa ◽  
Sohei Kuribayashi ◽  
Koichi Okada ◽  
Yosuke Sekii ◽  
Yusuke Inagaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Volume Rate ◽  
Salt Excretion

Abstract Purpose: To determine the pathophysiology of nocturnal polyuria associated with renal dysfunction.Methods: Patients who underwent laparoscopic nephrectomy were studied prospectively. The diurnal variation in urine volume, osmolality, and salt excretion were measured on preoperative day two and postoperative day seven. The factors associated with an increase in the nighttime urine volume rate with decreased renal function were evaluated by multiple linear regression analysis.Results: Forty-nine patients were included. The eGFR decreased from 73.3 ± 2.0 to 47.2 ± 1.6 mL/min/1.73 m2 (P < 0.01) and the nighttime urine volume rate increased from 40.6% ± 2.0% to 45.3% ± 1.5% (P = 0.04) with nephrectomy. The nighttime urine osmolality decreased from 273 ± 15 to 212 ± 10 mOsm/kg (P < 0.01) and the nighttime salt excretion rate increased from 38.7% ± 2.1% to 48.8% ± 1.7% (P < 0.01) with nephrectomy. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the increase in the nighttime urine volume rate was strongly affected by the increase in the nighttime salt excretion rate.Conclusion: A decrease in renal function causes an increase in the nighttime urine volume rate, mainly due to an increase in nighttime salt excretion.Trial registration number: UMIN000036760 (University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry)Date of registration: From June 1st, 2019 to October 31th 2020

EFFECTS OF PHENOBARBITAL ON BILE SALT METABOLISM IN CHOLESTASIS DUE TO INTRAHEPATIC BILE DUCT HYPOPLASIA

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 992-997
Author(s):  
Adolf Stiehl ◽  
M. Thaler ◽  
William H. Admirand
Keyword(s):  
Bile Duct ◽  
Bile Salt ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Bile Ducts ◽  
Enterohepatic Circulation ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Intrahepatic Bile Duct ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Salt Excretion

The effects of phenobarbital (PB) on bile salt metabolism in a patient with severe cholestasis due to congenital paucity of perilobular bile ducts were studied with 14C-cholate and 3H-chenodeoxycholate. During the control period (without PB) cholate was the predominant bile salt in the peripheral blood, whereas chenodeoxycholate was predominant in the total bile salt pool. This difference in the distribution of the two primary bile salts appeared to be caused by relatively greater impairment of excretion of cholate from the liver cell into the bile. PB administration caused a decrease in the total serum bile salt concentration (from 132 to 62µg/ml), in the total bile salt pool (from 412 to 304 mg) and in the biologic half-life (cholate from 106 to 34 hours; chenodeoxycholate from 77 to 42 hours). The proportion of the total bile salt pool present in the peripheral blood decreased from 16.8% to 11.7%. In addition, PB markedly increased the fecal bile salt excretion. These data suggest the PB improves pruritus in this type of intrahepatic cholestasis by reducing serum bile salt concentrations. This is accomplished by a shift in bile salts from the peripheral blood into the enterohepatic circulation and by enhancing fecal bile salt excretion.

Studies of salt excretion in sweat

1963 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 855-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis E. Gibson ◽  
Paul A. di Sant'Agnese
Keyword(s):  
Salt Excretion
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