Statistical issues on the determination of the no-observed-adverse-effect levels in toxicology

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Yanagawa ◽  
Yasuki Kikuchi
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Statistical Issues

On the Measurement of Atmospheric Extinction by Rufener’s Method

1979 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 326-327
Author(s):  
Z. KviZ
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Photometric System ◽  
Photoelectric Photometry ◽  
Atmospheric Extinction ◽  
Air Mass

The coefficient of atmospheric extinction may change during the night and in fact it often does. This has an adverse effect on the determination of atmospheric extinction by simple Bouguer plot of magnitude against air mass. This effect was studied by Rufener (1964), who introduced for the purpose of accurate photoelectric photometry in the Geneva photometric system the method of two ‘extinction stars’. His method consists of the measurement of two stars of the same colour — one starting at high air mass 2 - 3, the M-star (for French montante = rising) and the second starting simultaneously in the meridian at low air mass, the D—star (for descending).

scholarly journals Is It Adverse, Nonadverse, Adaptive, or Artifact?

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 238-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun R. Pandiri ◽  
Roy L. Kerlin ◽  
Peter C. Mann ◽  
Nancy E. Everds ◽  
Alok K. Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Continuing Education ◽  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Quality Study

One of the principal challenges facing a toxicologic pathologist is to determine and differentiate a true adverse effect from a nonadverse or an adaptive response. Recent publications from the Society of Toxicologic Pathology (STP) and the European STP provide guidance for determining and communicating adversity in nonclinical toxicology studies. In order to provide a forum to inform and engage in a discussion on this important topic, a continuing education (CE) course was held during the 2016 STP Annual meeting in San Diego, CA. The lectures at this course provided guidance on determining and communicating adversity using case studies involving both clinical pathology and anatomic pathology. In addition, one talk also focused on data quality, study design, and interpretation of artifacts that could hinder the determination of adversity. The CE course ended with a talk on understanding adversity in preclinical studies and engaging the regulatory agencies in the decision-making process. This manuscript is designed to provide brief summaries of all the talks in this well-received CE course.

scholarly journals Utilization of Ozone for the Improvement of Mentha piperita L. Quality by Reduction of Microbial Load and Impact of the Process on the Herb Properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-164
Author(s):  
Piotr Antos ◽  
Tomasz Piechowiak ◽  
Krzysztof Tereszkiewicz ◽  
Maciej Balawejder
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Sensory Evaluation ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Microbial Load ◽  
Mentha Piperita

AbstractHerbs can be contaminated with microorganisms, which affects their quality while increasing the risk of food poisoning. Thus, there is a need for efficient decontamination techniques. In this study, the microbial load was reduced in peppermint herb (Mentha piperita L.) exposed to ozone at 10 ppm for 60 minutes. The quality of the ozonated herb was assessed by the determination of microbial load and essential oils content. Total microbial content was reduced by 4 log cfu g−1 of the microorganisms whereas the contamination with molds was reduced from 10.07 log cfu g−1 of the microorganisms to zero. Moreover, sensory evaluation of the herb aroma was conducted. These characteristics were not significantly affected by the treatment. Therefore, ozone can be used to improve the peppermint herb quality by reduction of the microbial contamination of peppermint herb while having no adverse effect on the herb aroma.

Reevaluation of the acute toxicity of palytoxin in mice: Determination of lethal dose 50 (LD50) and No-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL)

Toxicon ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 16-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Boente-Juncal ◽  
Carmen Vale ◽  
Mercedes Camiña ◽  
J. Manuel Cifuentes ◽  
Mercedes R. Vieytes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Adverse Effect Level ◽  
Effect Level

Improved Method for Determination of Light Filth in Chocolate Products

1978 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 996-998
Author(s):  
Marie T Shostak
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Average Recovery

Abstract The recovery of rodent hairs from chocolate has been significantly improved by the introduction of an additional defatting step, substitution of 4 0% isopropanol for water, and substitution of mineral oil-heptane (85+15 ) for heptane in the trapping-off step. These changes have no adverse effect on insect fragment recovery. An average recovery of 9 5 % was obtained for rodent hairs, coefficient of variation 7.9%. Insect fragment recoveries were 100%.

scholarly journals Determination of threshold adverse effect doses of percutaneous VX exposure in African green monkeys

Toxicology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 279 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond F. Genovese ◽  
Bernard J. Benton ◽  
John L. Oubre ◽  
Christopher E. Byers ◽  
E. Michael Jakubowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Green Monkeys

scholarly journals Influence of Vibrations During Crystallization on Mechanical Properties and Porosity of EN AC-AlSi17 Alloy

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Ciućka
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Tilt Angle ◽  
The Other ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Machining Operations ◽  
Technology Of Production

Abstract Today’s industry aims at such situation, where number of defective products, so called defects shall approach to zero. Therefore, one introduces a various changes in technology of production, introduces improvements which would help in accomplishment of this objective. Another important factor is introduction of different type of testing, which shall help in assessment which factor has significant effect on quantity of rejects, and which one could be neglected. Existence of casting rejects is unavoidable; therefore a new ideas, technologies and innovations are necessary in the entire widely understood foundry branch, in order to minimize such adverse effect. Performance of tests aimed at unequivocal determination of an effect of vibrations during crystallization on mechanical properties and porosity of the EN ACAlSi17 alloy was the objective of the present work. To do this, there were produced 36 castings from EN AC-AlSi17 alloy. All the castings underwent machining operations. Half of the casting was destined to strength tests, the other half served to determination of an effect of vibrations on porosity of the alloy. The specimens were divided into 12 groups, depending on amplitude of vibrations and tilt angle of metal mould during pouring operation.

Determination of an Acute No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level (NOAEL) for Copper in Water

2001 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Araya ◽  
Marie Clare McGoldrick ◽  
Leslie M. Klevay ◽  
J.J. Strain ◽  
Paula Robson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Adverse Effect Level ◽  
Effect Level

Coordination of tridentate ligands to SmI2: cooperativity and incremental effect on reduction potential and on reactivity

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amey Nimkar ◽  
Sandeepan Maity ◽  
Shmaryahu Hoz
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Diethylene Glycol ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Cyclic Voltammograms ◽  
Tridentate Ligands ◽  
Incremental Effect ◽  
Cooperativity Effect

AbstractThe effect of coordination of a series of tridentate ligands (TDLs) on various features of SmI2 was determined. The TDLs used in this study were diethylene glycol (OOO), diethanolamine (ONO), 2-(2-Aminoethoxy) ethanol (OON), N-(2-Hydroxyethyl) ethylene diamine (ONN) and glycerol (GLY). Of special interest is the effect of these additives on the reduction potential of SmI2. The cyclic voltammograms of the TDLs with nitrogen at the binding sites display simultaneously several peaks, each corresponding to a different coordination level of SmI2, enabling determination of three equilibrium constants. The results are in concert with electronic spectra of SmI2 complexes with these ligands. The second and third equilibrium constants were found to be larger than the first, demonstrating the cooperativity effect. Moreover, the incremental effect of each moiety on the reduction potential of SmI2 was determined. Regarding reactivity of SmI2, excessive coordination of some ligands is shown to have an adverse effect.

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