Detection of direct-acting mutagens in ambient air: A comparison of two highly sensitive mutagenicity assays

1992 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia S. Houk ◽  
Sumio Goto ◽  
Osamu Endo ◽  
Larry D. Claxton ◽  
Joellen Lewtas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Air ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Direct Acting

scholarly journals Emission from Uyo Main Refuse Dumpsite and Potential Impact on Health

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
S. A. Nta ◽  
M. J. Ayotamuno ◽  
A. H. Igoni ◽  
R. N. Okparanma
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Air Quality Index ◽  
Volatile Organic Carbon ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Landfill Emissions ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10

This paper presents potential impact on health of emission from landfill site on Uyo village road, Uyo local government area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Three sampling points were assessed for particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulphide H2S, ammonia (NH3), total volatile organic carbon (TVOC) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) using highly sensitive digital portable meters. The data obtained were expressed in terms of an air quality index. Air quality index indicates that the ambient air can be described as unhealthy for sensitive groups for NO2, unhealthy for SO2 and PM2.5 and moderate for CO, respectively. H2S, NH3, TVOC, HCN, PM10 were not indicated in USEPA air quality standards. It recommended that stringent and proper landfill emissions management together with appropriate burning of wastes should be considered in the study area to ease the risks associated with these pollutants on public health.

Highly Sensitive Detection of Aromatic Molecules by Laser Two-Photon Ionization on the Surface of Water in Ambient Air

1994 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 1012-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takanori. Inoue ◽  
Kazuhiro. Masuda ◽  
Keiji. Nakashima ◽  
Teiichiro. Ogawa
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Air ◽  
Sensitive Detection ◽  
Aromatic Molecules ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Photon Ionization ◽  
Highly Sensitive Detection

scholarly journals Development of a highly sensitive sampler for atmospheric monitoring of 8-H ambient ozone concentrations

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 938-945
Author(s):  
Gülnihal KARA
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Passive Sampler ◽  
Passive Samplers ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Measurement Results

A new passive sampler reinforced with a composite membrane was developed to determine the 8-h ozone (O3) concentration in ambient air. The composite membrane's water absorption capacity and porosity values were found analyzing its surface morphology using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).Ozone adsorption performance of this sampler was tested by a badge-type sampler and automated measurement results. The developed sampler gave results equivalent (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.85) to those of automated O3 monitors, and its experimental sampling rate was determined to be 55 cm<sup>3</sup>/min, approximately two times higher than the rate of the badge-type sampler. The detection limit obtained (5.3 μg/m<sup>3<.sup>, 8 h sampling) in the study was adequate for winter-period samplings where in the ozone concentration is low in urban and semi-urban areas. Multimedia sampling results revealed that the results of the developed passive sampler had a high repeatability (RSD < 20%). Passive samplers reinforced with composite membranes were tested by badge-type samplers performing simultaneous samplings in land conditions. Area sampling results indicated that badge-type samplers were not suitable for 8-h area samplings, but tube-type samplers could be used.

Evaluation of SOS-inducing activity with an O-acetyltransferase-overexpressing strain Salmonella typhimurium NM2009 for municipal river water and the identification of 1-nitropyrene

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 313-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Ohe
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
River Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Test System ◽  
Umu Test ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Organic Extracts ◽  
Direct Acting ◽  
Overexpressing Strain ◽  
Blue Rayon

Evaluation of SOS-inducing activity of organic extracts from tributaries of the Yodo River in Kyoto was examined with a highly sensitive umu test system using an O -acetyltransferase(O -ATase)-overexpressing strain Salmonella typhimurium NM2009 and an O-ATase-defective strain NM2000. Organic extracts in river water were collected by the XAD-2 resin column method and the blue rayon hanging method at 4 locations throughout the year. Both XAD-2 resin and blue rayon extracts collected at downstream locations from wastewater treatment plants showed higher SOS-inducing activity than those at the upsream location in the absence and the presence of S9 mix with NM2009. It was also shown that the constituents contributing SOS-inducing activity were different between XAD-2 extract and blue rayon extract. No or weak responses of SOS-inducing activity were observed with an O -ATase-defective strain NM2000 among all extracts performed. These results indicate that a highly sensitive umu test using an O-ATase-overexpressing strain and an O-ATase-defective strain proved to be an excellent tool for the monitoring of genotoxicity attributable to trace amounts of genotoxicants such as direct-acting nitroarenes and/or indirect-acting aromatic amines in river water. Further study was made to identify 1-nitropyrene in XAD-2 resin extract from municipal river water.

scholarly journals Predictors of the efficiency of short-term interferon-containing therapy using direct-acting antiviral drugs in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (12-2) ◽  
pp. 197-203
Author(s):  
K Yu Kokina ◽  
A O Bueverov ◽  
P O Bogomolov ◽  
M V Matsievich
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Protease Inhibitor ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Analytical Sensitivity ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Direct Acting

Aim. To identify predictors for the high efficiency of short-term interferon-containing antiviral therapy (AVT) using direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) virus (HCV) type 1 (CHC-1). Materials and methods. A total of 2,798 case histories of patients aged 18 to 60 years who received AVT using peginterferon, ribavirin in combination with DAAs for CHC-1, which was stopped at 10 to 14 weeks, were selected from the archives of the healthcare facilities of the Moscow Region. The inclusion criteria were aviremia achieved when AVT was discontinued; therapy using the dose recommended in compliance with the international standards; and adherence during treatment. Results. The analysis included 179 case histories, including 158 cases of discontinuation of triple AVT using a protease inhibitor (telaprevir) and 22 cases of that of quadruple treatment (QT) with asunaprevir and daclatasvir. There were two main factors predicting a high probability of achieving a sustained virological response (SVR) in patients with HCV-1 during short-term triple AVT: viremia at 28 days of AVT, which was registered by a highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay (its analytical sensitivity was 12 IU/ml), and the genotype CC of interleukin-28B (IL-28B) rs12979860. With a combination of these two factors, recovery was observed in 100% of cases. SVR was observed in all cases of QT discontinuation, regardless of the stage of fibrosis and the subtype of CHC genotype. However, the resulting sample was unrepresentative. Conclusion. Triple AVT using a protease inhibitor may be reduced in patients with CHC-1 and the CC allelic variant in IL-28B if viremia is achieved at 28 days of AVT, as evidenced by highly sensitive PCR assay. Short-term QT needs further investigation.

Highly Sensitive and Ambient Air-Processed Hybrid Perovskite TFT Temperature Sensor

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1086-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farjana Haque ◽  
Seoungbum Lim ◽  
Seungjun Lee ◽  
Yongsup Park ◽  
Mallory Mativenga
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Hybrid Perovskite ◽  
Highly Sensitive

JUSTIFICATION OF MAXIMUM SINGEL ALLOWABLE CONCENTRATIONS OF 1-METHYL-4-ISOPROPENYLCYCLOHEX-1-ENE (LIMONENE), 3,7,7-TRIMETHYLBICYCLO[4.1.0]HEPT-2-ENE (3-CARENE) AND 2,2-DIMETHYL-3-METHYLENEBICYCLO[2.2.1]HEPTANE (CAMPHENE) IN AMBIENT AIR

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
O. V. Budarina ◽  
L. A. Fedotova ◽  
Z. V. Shipulina ◽  
Т. D. Potapchenko
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Odor Thresholds

This paper presents the results of the experimental studies on justification of the maximum single allowable concentrations (MAC) of 1-methyl-4-isopropenylcyclohex-1-ene (limonene), 3,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[4.1.0]hept-2-ene (3-carene), and 2,2-dimethyl-3-methylenebicyclo[2.2.1]heptane (camphene) in the air of urban and rural settlements. The research has been carried out in accordance with the current methodology for determining the odor thresholds of substances using modern olfactometric equipment (dynamic olfactometer) and highly sensitive methods for identifying chemical components (chromatography-mass spectrometry). According to the results obtained, the recommended maximum single allowable concentrations in the atmospheric air of urban and rural settlements are 0,08 mg/m3 (hazard class 4) for limonene; 0,2 mg/m3 (hazard class 4) for 3-carene; 0,3 mg/m3 (hazard class 3) for camphene; the limiting indicator of harmfulness for all substances is reflex. An analytical methodic based on chromatography-mass spectrometry and certified in accordance with GOST R 8.563-2009 and GOST R ISO 5725-2002 has been developed to control the concentrations of α-pinene, β-pinene, camphene, 3-carene, and limonene in the atmospheric air of urban and rural settlements.

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