Replication index in cultured human lymphocytes: Methods for statistical analysis and possible role in genetic toxicology

1991 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Lazutka ◽  
B. H. Margolin
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Genetic Toxicology ◽  
Replication Index

scholarly journals Evaluation of Possible Genotoxic Activity of Dirithromycin in Cultured Human Lymphocytes

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Kayraldız ◽  
Lale Dönbak ◽  
Ayşe Yavuz Kocaman ◽  
Esra Köker ◽  
Şule Gökçe
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Sister Chromatid Exchanges ◽  
Mutagenic Action ◽  
Replication Index ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Nuclear Division Index ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Chromatid Exchanges

Dirithromycin antibiotic is a 14-membered lactone ring macrolide and is widely used in medicine to treat many different types of bacterial infections. In the present study, the possible genotoxicity of dirithromycin was evaluated in cultured human lymphocytes by using sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs), chromosome aberration (CA), and micronucleus (MN) tests and also cell proliferation kinetics such as mitotic index (MI), replication index (RI), and nuclear division index (NDI) were analyzed for cytotoxicity. Cell cultures were treated with four different concentrations of dirithromycin (37.75, 67.50, 125, and 250 µg/mL) for 24 and 48 h periods. Dirithromycin significantly induced SCE and MN frequency at all concentrations in both 24 and 48 h treated cells. In addition, CA level has been markedly increased in the cells treated with almost all concentrations of dirithromycin for 24 (except 37.75 µg/mL) and 48 h treatment periods as compared to control. However, MI, RI, and NDI values were not affected by the dirithromycin treatment (p> 0.05). The results of this study indicated that dirithromycin treatment caused genetic damage by increasing the level of cytogenetic endpoints, suggesting its genotoxic and mutagenic action on human lymphocytesin vitro.

Synthesis and mutagenicity of 2-aryl-substitute (o-hydroxy-, m-bromo-, o-methoxy-, o-nitro-phenyl or 4-pyridyl) benzothiazole derivatives on Salmonella typhimurium and human lymphocytes exposed in vitro

Biologia ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Berrin Ayaz Tuylu ◽  
Hulya Zeytinoglu ◽  
Ilhan Isikdag
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Sister Chromatid ◽  
Ames Test ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Benzothiazole Derivatives ◽  
Replication Index ◽  
Derivatives Of

AbstractDerivatives of 2-aryl-substitute (o-hydroxy-, m-bromo-, o-methoxy-, o-nitro-phenyl or 4-pyridyl) benzothiazole were synthesized and tested for their mutagenicity in in vitro assays: (i) in the Ames test with Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains; and (ii) in the sister chromatid exchange (SCE) in cultured human lymphocytes. The four of compounds (BT-11, B-12, BT-14 and BT-15) caused statistically significant increase in revertant colonies of TA98 and TA100. Treatment of lymphocytes with compounds also caused a significant increase in SCE/cell in association with high levels and long exposure (300 µg/mL and 48 h) of the four compounds. It can be concluded that benzothiazole derivatives showed mutagenic activity and were also able to exert a genotoxic effect reducing both the replication index and mitotic index.

scholarly journals Protective role of Eclipta alba L. extract against ethinylestradiol induced genotoxic damage in cultured human lymphocytes

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasir Hasan Siddique ◽  
Gulshan Ara ◽  
Tanveer Beg ◽  
Mohammad Faisal ◽  
Mohammad Afzal
Keyword(s):  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Sister Chromatid Exchanges ◽  
Eclipta Alba ◽  
Replication Index ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Dose Dependent Decrease ◽  
Chromatid Exchanges

In India, natural preparations derived from plants are widely used for the treatment of various diseases. Hence it becomes necessary to assess the modulating action of the plant extracts when associated with other substances. Ethinylestradiol is not only a genotoxic agent but also a tumor initiating agent. It is widely used in oral contraceptive formulations and also for the treatment of various sexual and metabolic disorders. In the present study, the antigenotoxic effect of Eclipta alba was evaluated against the genotoxic effect induced by 10 μM of ethinylestradiol in the presence of metabolic activation using mitotic index (MI), chromosomal aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges and replication index (RI) as parameters. The treatment of 10 μM of ethinylestradiol along with 1.02x10–4, 2.125x10–4, 3.15x10–4 and 4.17x10–4 g/mL of Eclipta alba (E. alba) extract in culture medium results in a significant dose dependent decrease in the genotoxic effects induced by the treatment of 10 μM of ethinylestradiol. The results of the present study suggest that the plant extract per se does not have genotoxic potential, but can modulate the genotoxicity of ethinylestradiol in cultured human lymphocytes.

scholarly journals General and Genetic Toxicology of Guayusa Concentrate (Ilex guayusa)

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Kapp ◽  
Odete Mendes ◽  
Shambhu Roy ◽  
Robert S. McQuate ◽  
Richard Kraska
Keyword(s):  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Genetic Toxicology ◽  
Male And Female Rats

Tea from the leaves of guayusa ( Ilex guayusa) has a long history of consumption by Ecuadorian natives in regions where the plant is indigenous. The tea contains the methylxanthines caffeine and theobromine as well as chlorogenic acids, flavonoids, and sugars. Various studies were performed to evaluate the general and genetic toxicology of a standardized liquid concentrate of guayusa (GC). Guayusa concentrate was found to be negative in in vitro genotoxicity tests including the Ames test and a chromosome aberration study in human lymphocytes. The oral median lethal dose (LD50) of GC was >5,000 mg/kg for female rats. Guayusa concentrate was administered to male and female rats in a 90-day subchronic study at 1,200, 2,500, and 5,000 mg/kg/d of GC and a caffeine-positive control at 150 mg/kg/d corresponding to the amount of caffeine in the high-dose GC group. Effects observed in the GC-treated groups were comparable to those in the caffeine control group and included reductions in body weights, food efficiency, triglycerides values, and fat pad weights and increases in blood chemistry values for serum aspartate aminotransferase, serum alanine aminotransferase, and cholesterol and adaptive salivary gland hypertrophy. No signs of incremental toxicity due to any other components of guayusa were observed. The studies indicate no harmful effects of GC in these test systems.

scholarly journals Protective effect of extracts of Teucrium Polium and Rumex Crispus against cyclophosphamide-induced genotoxic damage in human lymphocytes

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sengul Yuksel ◽  
Selcen Korkmaz Sezer ◽  
Elcin Latife Kurtoglu ◽  
Harika Gozukara Bag
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Cell Culture Medium ◽  
Rumex Crispus ◽  
Nuclear Abnormalities ◽  
Replication Index ◽  
Teucrium Polium

Teucrium polium (T. polium) and Rumex crispus (R. crispus) are plant species that grow widely in Anatolia and are thought to have healing effects for many diseases. In this study plant extracts are suggested as alternative agents in repairing cellular damage by using sister chromatid exchange (SCE), micronucleus (MN), mitotic index (MI), replication index (RI) and nuclear abnormalities (NAs), against the genotoxicity of cyclophosphamide (CP) in the human lymphocyte cells. 8 experimental groups were formed in the study. The cell culture medium was supplemented with 0.16 g/ml CP and the cells were treated with 50, 100 and 250 M T. polium and R. crispus extracts in the presence and absence of CP. As a result, CP significantly decreased MI frequency while increasing SCE, MN and NAs frequencies in cells. 100 M T. polium plus CP decreased SCEs when compared with CP alone. In addition, MN frequency was significantly decreased in 100 M T. poliumplus CP and 250 M R. crispus plus CP combine groups. Our results suggest that these plant extracts are not genetically damaging and have improving effects at these doses.

Statistical analysis of classification

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
T. J. Deeming
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Analytical Procedure ◽  
Narrow Band ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Amount Of Information

If we make a set of measurements, such as narrow-band or multicolour photo-electric measurements, which are designed to improve a scheme of classification, and in particular if they are designed to extend the number of dimensions of classification, i.e. the number of classification parameters, then some important problems of analytical procedure arise. First, it is important not to reproduce the errors of the classification scheme which we are trying to improve. Second, when trying to extend the number of dimensions of classification we have little or nothing with which to test the validity of the new parameters.Problems similar to these have occurred in other areas of scientific research (notably psychology and education) and the branch of Statistics called Multivariate Analysis has been developed to deal with them. The techniques of this subject are largely unknown to astronomers, but, if carefully applied, they should at the very least ensure that the astronomer gets the maximum amount of information out of his data and does not waste his time looking for information which is not there. More optimistically, these techniques are potentially capable of indicating the number of classification parameters necessary and giving specific formulas for computing them, as well as pinpointing those particular measurements which are most crucial for determining the classification parameters.

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