Evaluation of genome damage and its relation to oxidative stress induced by glyphosate in human lymphocytes in vitro

2009 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 800-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marin Mladinic ◽  
Suzana Berend ◽  
Ana Lucic Vrdoljak ◽  
Nevenka Kopjar ◽  
Bozica Radic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Genome Damage

Evaluation of Levodopa and Carbidopa Antioxidant Activity in Normal Human Lymphocytes In Vitro: Implication for Oxidative Stress in Parkinson’s Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Colamartino ◽  
Massimo Santoro ◽  
Guglielmo Duranti ◽  
Stefania Sabatini ◽  
Roberta Ceci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Normal Human

scholarly journals Bioallethrin enhances generation of ROS, damages DNA, impairs the redox system and causes mitochondrial dysfunction in human lymphocytes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Arif ◽  
Ruhul Quds ◽  
Riaz Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Redox System ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Apoptosis And Necrosis

AbstractBioallethrin is a synthetic pesticide that is widely used to control insect pests. The wide use of bioallethrin has resulted in inevitable human exposure. In this study we report the effect of different concentrations of bioallethrin (10 to 200 µM, 2 h at 37 °C) on human lymphocytes under in vitro conditions. Bioallethrin treatment resulted in loss of cell viability (> 30% at 200 µM bioallethrin). Oxidative stress markers like lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation were significantly increased accompanied by lower ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione. Enhanced ROS generation was observed through fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy. Bioallethrin-induced oxidative stress also compromised the antioxidant defence as it reduced antioxidant capacity of cells and inhibited major antioxidant enzymes. Biomolecular modifications and systemic toxicity by bioallethrin resulted in plasma membrane damage with mitochondrial depolarization. Comet assay showed nuclear DNA fragmentation and strand scission with significant increase in tail length and olive tail moment. Apoptosis and necrosis of cells was confirmed through acridine orange/ethidium bromide dual staining and visualization under fluorescence microscope. Thus, bioallethrin causes oxidative damage and compromises the antioxidant system leading to DNA damage, cellular and organelle toxicity, resulting in apoptosis and necrosis of human lymphocytes.

Boron Compounds Counteracts Oxidative Stress Mediated Genotoxicity Induced by Fe3O4 Nanoparticles In Vitro

2016 ◽  
Vol 835 ◽  
pp. 84-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Türkez ◽  
Erdal Sönmez ◽  
Abdulgani Tatar
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Boric Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Boron Compounds

Due to rapid growing of nanotechnology, it is currently being used in many areas including biotechnology, electronics, drug delivery systems, cosmetics, material science and biosensors. Oxidative stress is considered as main cause behind the toxicity of nanoparticles (NPs). Recent reports indicate that boron is effective in protecting cells or organisms against oxidative damages by enhancing antioxidant defense mechanisms. However, protective role of boron compounds in nanotoxicity is not investigated yet. Therefore we assessed the potential protective role of boric acid (BA) and borax (BX) against the toxic responses of nano-Fe3O4 particles (IO NPs) in cultured human whole blood cells. Our results showed that IO NPs induced genotoxicity in human lymphocytes demonstrated by sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) assays. Again, IO NPs caused decreases of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and decreases of total oxidative stress (TOS) levels in vitro. Co-application of boric acid and borax (2.5 to 10 ppm) into the cell cultures significantly ameliorated genotoxicity and oxidative stress caused by IO NPs. In a conclusion, this study is the first report revealing that BA and BX significantly protected human blood cells from the toxicity of IO NPs, which is mediated through the generation of oxidative stress and depletion of antioxidant capacity.

An in Vitro System for Evaluation of Oxidative Stress and the Effects of Antioxidants

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedikte Brogaard ◽  
Jergen Clausen
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Mitomycin C ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Diaphorase Activity ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Dt Diaphorase

Oxidative stress is defined as an imbalance between prooxidants and antioxidants. There is a need for a simple in vitro method for evaluation of the effects of oxidative stress and the effects of antioxidants. In the present study, we used primary cultures of human lymphocytes exposed to either paraquat (PQ) or mitomycin C., two prooxidants generating two different types of free-radicals formed either by P450-reductase or by DT-diaphorase, respectively. The toxicity was measured by estimation of DT-diaphorase and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, and by estimation of the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) as a function of time and increasing doses of the two prooxidants. The enzyme activities were related to both total DNA content and total protein content of cellular homogenate. All estimations were made by exposing human lymphocytes to increasing concentrations (up to 100μM) of the two prooxidants. However, since cellular death occurred at concentrations above 60μM, only data for exposure to concentrations below 70μM are presented. When the enzyme activities were expressed per cellular unit (i.e. per gram DNA) 30μM mitomycin C induced a 30% increase in DT-diaphorase activity. Similarly, a dose-dependent increase (maximum 100% increase) in DT-diaphorase activity was found after exposure to PQ (up to 60μM). Similar data were obtained when data were related to the total protein. Only a minor increase (11%) in GSH-Px activity was induced by 50μM mitomycin C., whereas 20-70μM PQ induced a 41% increase in GSH-Px activity. Both prooxidants induced more than a doubling in the cellular MDA concentration. These findings demonstrate that both DT-diaphorase and GSH-Px are up-regulated during oxidative stress. However, sensitivity to prooxidant-induced stress seems to depend to some extent on the chemistry of the free-radicals generated. Thus, the single-electron pyridium cations generated by PQ seem to be more toxic than the single-electron semi-quinones generated by mitomycin C. The same cellular system was used to evaluate the effects of antioxidants. Quercetin, a naturally occuring flavone, and selenium (sodium selenite), which is an essential part of glutathione peroxidase, were selected. PQ-induced stress and exposure to 5μg/ml quercetin for 4 hours decreased the MDA level in the medium by 11% and in the cells by 33%. PQ-induced stress and exposure to 160μg/l selenium for 18 hours reduced MDA levels similarly, by 19% in the medium and 14% in the cells. Both antioxidants induced a 50% reduction in GSH-Px activity.

Effects of two lichen acids isolated from Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf in cultured human lymphocytes

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 303-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bugrahan Emsen ◽  
Basak Togar ◽  
Hasan Turkez ◽  
Ali Aslan
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Cytotoxic Effect ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Pseudevernia Furfuracea ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Total Oxidative Stress

Abstract The present study aims at assessing the efficacies of olivetoric acid (OA) and physodic acid (PA) isolated from Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf (Parmeliaceae) in human lymphocytes (HLs) in vitro. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and lactate dehydrogenase assays were performed to establish cytotoxicity in HLs. Besides, oxidative stress and genotoxicity were monitored by estimating the changes of total oxidative stress (TOS) and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) levels, respectively, in HLs. At the same time, OA- and PA-induced total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels in HLs were determined. Although especially low concentrations of OA (IC50=109.94 mg/L) and PA (IC50=665.49 mg/L) did not show cytotoxic effect at high levels in HLs, it was revealed that cytotoxicity was significantly (p<0.05) associated with oxidative stress and genotoxicity via correlation analysis. While TOS level in HLs did not statistically (p>0.05) increase in the presence of all treatments (0.5–100 mg/L) of PA, TAC level was increased by PA applications in certain concentrations (0.5–10 mg/L). Overall, the obtained data indicate that OA and especially PA as lichen compounds that do not cause oxidative stress can be a new resource of therapeutics as recognized in the present study with their high antioxidant features.

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