scholarly journals Steady-state protein focusing in carrier ampholyte-based isoelectric focusing: Part II-validation and case studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 667-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaesool Shim ◽  
Kisoo Yoo ◽  
Prashanta Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Isoelectric Focusing ◽  
Carrier Ampholyte

scholarly journals Series Compensation of Transmission Systems: A Literature Survey

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1717
Author(s):  
Camilo Andrés Ordóñez ◽  
Antonio Gómez-Expósito ◽  
José María Maza-Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
Power Electronic ◽  
Transmission Systems ◽  
Series Compensation ◽  
Near Future

This paper reviews the basics of series compensation in transmission systems through a literature survey. The benefits that this technology brings to enhance the steady state and dynamic operation of power systems are analyzed. The review outlines the evolution of the series compensation technologies, from mechanically operated switches to line- and self-commutated power electronic devices, covering control issues, different applications, practical realizations, and case studies. Finally, the paper closes with the major challenges that this technology will face in the near future to achieve a fully decarbonized power system.

scholarly journals Improving the FLORIS wind plant model for compatibility with gradient-based optimization

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 313-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared J Thomas ◽  
Pieter MO Gebraad ◽  
Andrew Ning
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Algorithmic Differentiation ◽  
Function Calls ◽  
Gradient Based ◽  
Wake Model ◽  
Yaw Angle

The FLORIS (FLOw Redirection and Induction in Steady-state) model, a parametric wind turbine wake model that predicts steady-state wake characteristics based on wind turbine position and yaw angle, was developed for optimization of control settings and turbine locations. This article provides details on changes made to the FLORIS model to make the model more suitable for gradient-based optimization. Changes to the FLORIS model were made to remove discontinuities and add curvature to regions of non-physical zero gradient. Exact gradients for the FLORIS model were obtained using algorithmic differentiation. A set of three case studies demonstrate that using exact gradients with gradient-based optimization reduces the number of function calls by several orders of magnitude. The case studies also show that adding curvature improves convergence behavior, allowing gradient-based optimization algorithms used with the FLORIS model to more reliably find better solutions to wind farm optimization problems.

Improved Model for Calculating Instantaneous Efficiency of Flat-Plate Solar Thermal Collector

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oussama Ibrahim ◽  
Farouk Fardoun ◽  
Rafic Younes ◽  
Mohamad Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Flat Plate ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Solar Water Heating ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Flat Plate Solar Collector ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Solar Water Heating System

The performance of a flat-plate solar collector is usually assessed by its efficiency. This efficiency is normally defined on a steady-state basis, which makes it difficult to correctly track the instantaneous performance of the collector in various case-studies. Accordingly, this paper proposes an improved definition of instantaneous efficiency of a flat-plate solar collector used as a part of a solar water heating system. Using a predeveloped model by the authors for such a system, the proposed efficiency-definition is examined and compared with the conventional one for specific case studies. The results show that the improved definition of efficiency records reasonable values, i.e., no over-range values are observed contrast to the case of conventional efficiency-definition. Furthermore, this suggested efficiency approximately coincides with the conventional one at a wide range of time, as long as the system is operating in the so-called trans-steady-state phase or when the system is off-operational provided that the instantaneous rate of heat stored in the heat transfer fluid (HTF) is less than or equal to zero. As a result, the improved efficiency-definition yields more realistic results in reflecting the performance of a flat-plate collector in an active solar water heating system and is recommended to be used.

Native protein blotting after isoelectric focusing in fabric reinforced polyacrylamide gels in carrier ampholyte generated or immobilized pH gradients

1988 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 497-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelika Kinzkofer-Peresch ◽  
Nikos P. Patestos ◽  
Markus Fauth ◽  
Friedrich Kögel ◽  
Roland Zok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isoelectric Focusing ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gels ◽  
Native Protein ◽  
Ph Gradients ◽  
Protein Blotting ◽  
Carrier Ampholyte

Conductivity properties of carrier ampholyte pH gradients in isoelectric focusing

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 473-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander V. Stoyanov ◽  
Champak Das ◽  
Carl K. Fredrickson ◽  
Z. Hugh Fan
Keyword(s):  
Isoelectric Focusing ◽  
Ph Gradients ◽  
Carrier Ampholyte

The unvalidity of Kohlrausch’ regulating function for Svensson’s isoelectric focusing and stationary electrolysis at steady state

1999 ◽  
Vol 863 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Xi Cao ◽  
Qing-Shan Zheng ◽  
Wen-Kui Chen ◽  
Jian-Hua Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Isoelectric Focusing
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