Metabolomics analysis of muscle from piglets fed low protein diets supplemented with branched chain amino acids using HPLC-high-resolution MS

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (18) ◽  
pp. 2250-2258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian Wang ◽  
Hongkui Wei ◽  
Jingjing Cao ◽  
Zhen Li ◽  
Pingli He
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Metabolomics Analysis

scholarly journals Effect of endurance training and branched-chain amino acids on the signaling for muscle protein synthesis in CKD model rats fed a low-protein diet

2017 ◽  
Vol 313 (3) ◽  
pp. F805-F814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuya Yoshida ◽  
Sachika Kakizawa ◽  
Yuri Totsuka ◽  
Miho Sugimoto ◽  
Shinji Miura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Sham Group ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Branched Chain

A low-protein diet (LPD) protects against the progression of renal injury in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, LPD may accelerate muscle wasting in these patients. Both exercise and branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are known to increase muscle protein synthesis by activating the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. The aim of this study was to investigate whether endurance exercise and BCAA play a role for increasing muscle protein synthesis in LPD-fed CKD (5/6 nephrectomized) rats. Both CKD and sham rats were pair-fed on LPD or LPD fortified with a BCAA diet (BD), and approximately one-half of the animals in each group was subjected to treadmill exercise (15 m/min, 1 h/day, 5 days/wk). After 7 wk, renal function was measured, and soleus muscles were collected to evaluate muscle protein synthesis. Renal function did not differ between LPD- and BD-fed CKD rats, and the treadmill exercise did not accelerate renal damage in either group. The treadmill exercise slightly increased the phosphorylation of p70s6 kinase, a marker of mTOR activity, in the soleus muscle of LPD-fed CKD rats compared with the sham group. Furthermore, BCAA supplementation of the LPD-fed, exercise-trained CKD rats restored the phosphorylation of p70s6 kinase to the same level observed in the sham group; however, the corresponding induced increase in muscle protein synthesis and muscle mass was marginal. These results indicate that the combination of treadmill exercise and BCAA stimulates cell signaling to promote muscle protein synthesis; however, the implications of this effect for muscle growth remain to be clarified.

scholarly journals 88 Dietary supplementation of branched-chain amino acids higher than recommended levels in nursery pigs fed with moderately low protein diet: effects on growth performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 82-82
Author(s):  
Mohammad Habibi ◽  
Cedrick N Shili ◽  
Julia Sutton ◽  
Adel Pezeshki
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Feed cost and excess nutrients excretion are threatening the swine industry. Moderately low protein (MLP) diets are less expensive and reduce the nitrogen excretion, but they may have negative influence on growth performance of pigs. The aim of current study was to investigate the effect of MLP diets supplemented with branched-chain amino acids (BCAA; leucine, isoleucine and valine) higher than Nutrients Requirements of Swine (NRC) recommendation on the growth performance of nursery pigs. Forty-eight weaned barrows at 3 weeks of age were weighed, individually housed and randomly assigned to 6 dietary treatments including: 1) PCON: 20% crude protein (CP), 2) NCON: 14% CP; 3) C25: NCON+ limiting amino acids (LAA, i.e. lysine, methionine, threonine, and tryptophan) 25% more than NRC levels, 4) C50: NCON+LAA 50% higher than NRC recommendations; 5) CB25: NCON + (LAA+BCAA) 25% more than NRC; 6) CB50: NCON + (LAA+BCAA) 50% higher than NRC. The data were analyzed with univariate GLM with Tukey’s post-hoc test (SPSS®). The CB50 had higher final body weight, average daily gain, average daily water intake and average daily feed intake than C50 with the latter tended to be higher than NCON. Average daily feed intake, average daily gain and gain to feed ratio tended to be greater for CB25 and CB50 relative to C25 and C50, respectively. Compared to C50, CB50 improved the mean and cumulative feed intake in all the weeks. CB50 also tended to improve the body weight gain and gain: feed in week 2 relative to C50. In conclusion, supplementing MLP diets with limiting amino acid at 25% or 50% higher than NRC recommendations was failed to recover the negative effects of these diets on growth performance. Adding BCAA more than NRC levels to MLP diets improved the growth performance with the effects of added BCAA level being negligible.

Branched Chain Amino Acids

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Prunty ◽  
Jamie L. Fraser ◽  
Charles P. Venditti ◽  
Robin H. Lachmann
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Propionic Acidemia ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Newborn Period ◽  
Specific Amino Acid ◽  
Maple Syrup ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Urine Disease ◽  
Branched Chain

This chapter describes the four most common disorders affecting the degradation of branched chain amino acids: maple syrup urine disease, methylmalonic acidemia, propionic acidemia and isovaleric acidemia. These conditions most commonly present with encephalopathy in the newborn period, although cases with later onset have also been described. Although adult patients are less prone to acute metabolic decompensations, they do develop a number of long-term complications, both neurological and visceral. Management shares features with other disorders of protein metabolism and centers on a low-protein diet and the use of disease-specific amino acid supplements.

scholarly journals SAT-611 Dietary Reduction of Branched-Chain Amino Acids

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rowan Karaman ◽  
Eunhae Park ◽  
Brittany M Galusha ◽  
Victoria Flores ◽  
Dawn B Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Early Results ◽  
Branched Chain

Abstract Background: One of the primary risk factors for the development of diabetes is obesity. Although moderate weight loss can lead to improvements in metabolic health, reduced-calorie diets are difficult to sustain. A number of groups have shown that low protein diets are associated with metabolic health in both rodents and humans. In particular, the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) leucine, isoleucine, and valine are associated with insulin resistance and diabetes in humans. Blood levels of the BCAAs decrease in humans fed a low protein diet, and we recently showed that reducing either dietary BCAAs or protein rapidly restored normal body composition and insulin sensitivity to diet-induced obese mice without reducing calorie intake. We are determining the effect of a low BCAA diet in humans with prediabetes and overweight/obesity. Objectives: The primary outcome is the reduction of dietary BCAA intake by at least 50% in subjects in the low BCAA group while maintaining overall baseline calories. Secondary outcomes are compliance and tolerability of the low BCAA protein powder. Method: This is a randomized, controlled, single-blind pilot study. The intervention arm uses a low BCAA protein powder to replace two meals per day for 60 days. The control arm uses a control protein powder with standard amounts of amino acids to replace two meals per day for 60 days. We are enrolling 16 males with the following criteria: ages 35 to 65, BMI 28 to 35, and hemoglobin A1c 5.7%-6.4% or fasting glucose 101-125 mg/dL. A registered dietitian reviews a 4-day food diary prior to diet initiation and creates an individualized meal plan based on those values in order to maintain baseline calories during the study diet. Baseline measurements prior to diet initiation include waist circumference, body mass index, fasting insulin and glucose, an oral glucose tolerance test, resting metabolic rate, body composition testing using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, jumping mechanography to assess muscle function, and a stool sample to assess the microbiome. These tests are repeated after 60 days on the diet. Safety labs are performed while on the diet and 2-3 weeks after the end of the diet. Weekly safety telephone calls occur while on the diet. The food diaries are repeated after 30 and 60 days on the diet. Results/Conclusion: Ten of sixteen subjects have completed the trial to date. One out of four subjects in the low BCAA group dropped out; the remainder successfully completed the study. BCAA intake was successfully reduced by 50%. Missed beverages were uncommon. No significant safety concerns or side effects have been noted. In conclusion, our early results suggest that replacement of two meals a day with a protein powder lacking BCAA for up to two months is a safe and feasible intervention. Ongoing analysis will determine if this intervention impacts metabolic health.

scholarly journals Response of broilers to supplementation of branched-chain amino acids blends with different valine contents in the starter period under summer conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-305
Author(s):  
Canan Kop-Bozbay ◽  
Ahmet Akdag ◽  
Helin Atan ◽  
Nuh Ocak
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Hot Climate ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Water Holding

Objective: The objectives of this study were to compare the effects of normal and low protein content (PC) of starter diet supplemented or not with blends of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) on growth performance of broilers under summer conditions and to investigate whether these effects altered some quality traits and the characteristics of gastrointestinal tract.Methods: A total of 768 mixed-sex broiler chicks (Ross 308, one-d-old) with an average initial body weight (BW) of 47.6±1.03 g were allocated into six treatments with four replications in 2×3 factorial arrangement. Factors were: PC, normal (N, 22% to d 15); and low (L, 20% to d 15); and added BCAA blends, L-leucine, L-isoleucine, and L-valine at zero (0L:0I:0V); 1.0, 0.25, and 0.25 (4L:1I:1V); or 1.0, 0.25, 0.75 (4L:1I:3V) g/kg of diet. Hence, six dietary treatments were named as N0L:0I:0V, N4L:1I:1V, N4L:1I:3V, L0L:0I:0V, L4L:1I:1V, and L4L:1I:3V. Average indoor temperature and humidity were 32.8°C±1.7°C and 61.1%±4.12%, respectively.Results: BW, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and carcass weight were not affected by PC, BCCA and their interaction (p>0.05). The L diets decreased the water holding capacity of the breast (p = 0.002) and thigh (p = 0.050) meats and dressing percentage (p = 0.005) compared to the N diets. The 4L:1I:1V diet decreased breast yield compared to the 0L:0I:0V diets (p = 0.041). The effect of PC on feed intake, mortality and gastrointestinal trait weight were depended on the L:I:V ratios under summer conditions due to interactions between factors (p<0.05). The FI and mortality of L4L:1I:1V broilers were lower than those of N4L:1I:1V birds (p<0.05).Conclusion: It was concluded that the blends of BCAAs used failed to improve performance and to promote breast yields, because diets with normal or with reduced protein supplemented or not with BCAAs up to d 15 produced a similar BW and FCR in broilers raised in hot-climate conditions.

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