scholarly journals The threat of moral transgression: The impact of group membership and moral opportunity

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 609-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jojanneke van der Toorn ◽  
Naomi Ellemers ◽  
Bertjan Doosje
Keyword(s):  
Group Membership ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Moral Transgression

scholarly journals Is a PD game still a dilemma for Japanese rural villagers? A field and laboratory comparison of the impact of social group membership on cooperation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohei Mitani
Keyword(s):  
Social Group ◽  
Prisoner's Dilemma ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Prisoner’S Dilemma ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Prisoner’S Dilemma Game ◽  
Prisoner's Dilemma Game ◽  
The Impact

AbstractLocal norms and shared beliefs in cohesive social groups regulate individual behavior in everyday economic life. I use a door-to-door field experiment where a hundred and twenty villagers recruited from twenty-three communities in a Japanese rural mountainous village play a simultaneous prisoner’s dilemma game. To examine whether a set of experiences shared through interactions among community members affect experimental behavior, I compare villagers’ behavior under in-community and out-community random matching protocols. I also report a counterpart laboratory experiment with seventy-two university student subjects to address the external validity of laboratory experiments. The findings are three-fold. First, almost full cooperation is achieved when villagers play a prisoner’s dilemma game with their anonymous community members. Second, cooperation is significantly higher within the in-group compared to the out-group treatment in both the laboratory and field experiments. Third, although a significant treatment effect of social group membership is preserved, a big difference in the average cooperation rates is observed between the laboratory and field.

Native language identification and writing proficiency

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristopher Kyle ◽  
Scott A. Crossley ◽  
YouJin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Group Membership ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
First Language ◽  
Language Identification ◽  
Writing Proficiency ◽  
Proficiency Levels ◽  
Close Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This study evaluates the impact of writing proficiency on native language identification (NLI), a topic that has important implications for the generalizability of NLI models and detection-based arguments for cross-linguistic influence (Jarvis 2010, 2012; CLI). The study uses multinomial logistic regression to classify the first language (L1) group membership of essays at two proficiency levels based on systematic lexical and phrasal choices made by members of five L1 groups. The results indicate that lower proficiency essays are significantly easier to classify than higher proficiency essays, suggesting that lower proficiency writers make lexical and phrasal choices that are more similar to other lower proficiency writers that share an L1 than higher proficiency writers that share an L1. A close analysis of the findings also indicates that the relationship between NLI accuracy and proficiency differed across L1 groups.

scholarly journals And now for something completely different? The impact of group membership on perceptions of creativity

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 248-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inmaculada Adarves‐Yorno ◽  
S. Alexander Haslam ◽  
Tom Postmes
Keyword(s):  
Group Membership ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Recommending teams promotes prosocial lending in online microfinance

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (52) ◽  
pp. 14944-14948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Ai ◽  
Roy Chen ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Qiaozhu Mei ◽  
Webb Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Behavioral Mechanism ◽  
Scale Field ◽  
Large Scale Field ◽  
The Impact

This paper reports the results of a large-scale field experiment designed to test the hypothesis that group membership can increase participation and prosocial lending for an online crowdlending community, Kiva. The experiment uses variations on a simple email manipulation to encourage Kiva members to join a lending team, testing which types of team recommendation emails are most likely to get members to join teams as well as the subsequent impact on lending. We find that emails do increase the likelihood that a lender joins a team, and that joining a team increases lending in a short window (1 wk) following our intervention. The impact on lending is large relative to median lender lifetime loans. We also find that lenders are more likely to join teams recommended based on location similarity rather than team status. Our results suggest team recommendation can be an effective behavioral mechanism to increase prosocial lending.

Legal Issues in Intergroup Relations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles W. Choi
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Intergroup Bias ◽  
Communication Accommodation ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Legal Context ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Jury Decisions ◽  
The Impact

An intergroup perspective in the legal context highlights the influence of group membership on the interaction between authorities and citizens. Social identity influences communication both in the field (e.g., police–civilian) and in the courtroom (e.g., juror deliberation). The research in the law enforcement context addresses trust in police officers, the communication accommodation between police and civilians, sociodemographic stereotypes impacting police–civilian encounters, the role of police media portrayals, and its influence on intergroup exchanges between police and civilians. Juries are inextricably influenced by group membership cues (e.g., race and gender), and differentiate those in the ingroup over the outgroup. The impact of stereotypes and intergroup bias is evident in the literature on jury decisions and the severity of punitive sentencing. These and other factors make the intergroup nature of the legal context significant, and they determine the interconnection between the parties involved. Specifically, the social identity approach brings focus to the biases, attributions, and overall evaluations of the perceived outgroup. The research indicates that diversity is necessary to alleviate the intergroup mindset, thereby encouraging a more interindividual viewpoint of those outgroup members.

If You Criticize Us, Do It in Concrete Terms: Linguistic Abstraction as a Moderator of the Intergroup Sensitivity Effect

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 680-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Moscatelli ◽  
Francesca Prati ◽  
Monica Rubini
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Group Communication ◽  
Effect Study ◽  
Communicative Strategies ◽  
Linguistic Abstraction ◽  
Effective Group ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Group Member

This research examined whether linguistic abstraction in group-directed criticisms moderates the intergroup sensitivity effect. Study 1 ( N = 76) showed that criticisms coming from an out-group member and formulated in concrete terms—which imply lower generalizability and stability of the information transmitted—provoked less negative reactions compared with out-group criticisms formulated in abstract terms. Linguistic abstraction did not affect reactions to in-group criticism. In Study 2 ( N = 77), receivers of concrete criticism from an out-group representative attributed less hostile intentions and prejudice to the critic, and this mediated the impact of critic group membership and linguistic abstraction on negativity toward criticism. Participants also reported more favorable attitudes toward the out-group as a whole when out-group criticism was formulated in concrete terms. This research underlines that linguistic abstraction can facilitate or obstruct effective group communication, and has important implications for the development of communicative strategies aiming to promote social change.

Social categorization in interpersonal negotiation: How social structural factors shape negotiations

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 765-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Demoulin ◽  
Cátia P. Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Group Membership ◽  
Social Categorization ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Distributive Negotiation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Structural ◽  
Group Identities ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The Impact

Social categorization is a powerful determinant of social behavior. As group membership becomes salient, individuals come to behave as group members and, consequently, appraise interactions according to these salient group identities (Turner, 1987). The aim of the present article is to investigate the impact of social categorization on perceptions and appraisals of a distributive negotiation situation. An experiment is presented in which social categorization of the negotiation partner is manipulated. Results revealed that the social structural factors associated with the partner’s group (i.e. social status and group’s competition) influence fixed-pie perceptions as well as participants’ inferences about their counterpart’s target and resistance points. In addition, these effects are mediated by stereotypical evaluations of the counterpart in terms of warmth and competence, respectively.

A-180 Predictors of Performance on the ImPACT Validity Indices at Baseline

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1235-1235
Author(s):  
Liora Greenberg ◽  
Victoria Merritt ◽  
Peter Arnett
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disability ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Validity Indices ◽  
Concussion History ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective To circumvent “sandbagging”, the ImPACT, a widely used computerized program in sports-related concussion evaluations, contains five embedded validity indices (VIs). This study aimed to identify variables associated with invalid performance (i.e., scoring beyond the trigger-warning threshold) on at least one VI. Method Analysis derived from 1287 college students was conducted utilizing a binary logistic regression. The dependent variable (the five VIs) was dichotomized into “Fail” (n = 71; 76.1% male, 66.2% Caucasian) and “Pass” (n = 1216; 69.8% male, 78.4% Caucasian) groups. Any athlete with invalid performance on one or more VIs was classified into the “Fail” group; athletes with valid performance across all five VIs were classified into the “Pass” group. Independent variables included age, sex, concussion history, depression, estimated FSIQ, learning disability, ADHD, and “post-concussion” symptoms. A SMOTE was applied to balance the dataset and 1000 iterations of the regression were applied. Results Significant associations across 1000 iterations of logistic regressions were found: Concussion history (p < 0.05, 992/1000), estimated FSIQ (p < 0.05; 997/1000), and depressive symptomatology (p < 0.05; 1000/1000) were negatively associated with “Fail” group membership. Learning disability (p < 0.05; 1000/1000) and post-concussion symptoms (p < 0.05; 1000/1000) were positively associated with “Fail” group membership. No associations were identified with sex or ADHD and group membership. Conclusion Results suggest that those with fewer concussions, lower estimated FSIQ, fewer depressive symptoms, learning disability, and more severe post-concussion symptoms may be more likely to show invalid test performance (or trend toward sandbagging) at baseline. Results have important clinical implications for identifying premorbid characteristics that may be indicative of sandbagging.

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