scholarly journals Role of explicit verbal information in conditioned analgesia

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 546-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Carlino ◽  
D.M.E. Torta ◽  
A. Piedimonte ◽  
E. Frisaldi ◽  
S. Vighetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Information ◽  
Conditioned Analgesia

The role of verbal ability in the processing of complex verbal information

1994 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Martin ◽  
Otto Ewert ◽  
Paula J. Schwanenflugel
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Ability ◽  
Verbal Information

scholarly journals Maintenance Mechanisms in Children’s Verbal Working Memory

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Laure Oftinger ◽  
Valerie Camos
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Recall Performance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Concurrent Task ◽  
Verbal Information ◽  
Complex Span ◽  
Span Tasks ◽  
Joint Contribution

<p>Previous research in adults has indicated two maintenance mechanisms of verbal information in working memory, i.e., articulatory rehearsal and attentional refreshing. However, only three studies have examined their joint contribution to children’s verbal working memory. The present study aimed at extending this line of research by investigating the developmental changes occurring from 6 to 9 years old. In two experiments using complex span tasks, children of three different age groups maintained letters or words while performing a concurrent task. The opportunity for attentional refreshing was manipulated by varying the attentional demand of the concurrent task. Moreover, this task was performed either silently by pressing keys or aloud, the latter inducing a concurrent articulation. As expected, recall performance increased strongly with age. More interestingly, concurrent articulation had a detrimental effect on recall even in 6-year-old children. Similarly, introducing a concurrent attention-demanding task impaired recall performance at all ages. Finally, the effect of the availability of rehearsal and of attentional refreshing never interacted at any age. This suggested an independence of the two mechanisms in the maintenance of verbal information in children’s working memory. Implications for the development of rehearsal use and for the role of attention in working memory are discussed.</p>

The Effect of Spatial Elevation on Respect Depends on Merit and Medium

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Schubert ◽  
Thomas W. Schubert ◽  
Sascha Topolinski
Keyword(s):  
Person Perception ◽  
Verbal Information ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Moderating Role

Five experiments investigated the effects of spatial elevation on person perception in both a computer setup and actual encounters, determining the moderating role of additional verbal information about the target. In accordance with prior findings, spatial elevation increased respect in a computer setting, especially when the target was described as nonachieving. Liking toward the target was not affected. In an actual encounter the results were reversed: When actually facing the target, spatial elevation decreased respect when it was not legitimized by achievements of the target. We discuss the implications of our findings for the elicitation of respect and experimental approaches to investigate it.

Visual Similarity Effects in Immediate Verbal Serial Recall

2000 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 626-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Logie ◽  
Sergiola Del Sala ◽  
Val Wynn ◽  
Alan D. Baddeley
Keyword(s):  
Serial Recall ◽  
Articulatory Suppression ◽  
Visual Similarity ◽  
Verbal Information ◽  
Immediate Serial Recall ◽  
Lower Case ◽  
Letter Case ◽  
Similarity Effect ◽  
Temporary Memory

The role of visual working memory in temporary serial retention of verbal information was examined in four experiments on immediate serial recall of words that varied in visual similarity and letters that varied in the visual consistency between upper and lower case. Experiments 1 and 2 involved words that were either visually similar (e.g. fly, cry, dry; hew, new, few) or were visually distinct (e.g. guy, sigh, lie; who, blue, ewe). Experiments 3 and 4 involved serial recall of both letter and case from sequences of letters chosen such that the upper- and lower-case versions were visually similar, for example Kk, Cc, Zz, Ww, or were visually dissimilar, for example Dd, Hh, Rr, Qq. Hence in the latter set, case information was encoded in terms of both the shape and the size of the letters. With both words and letters, the visually similar items resulted in poorer recall both with and without concurrent articulatory suppression. This visual similarity effect was robust and was replicated across the four experiments. The effect was not restricted to any particular serial position and was particularly salient in the recall of letter case. These data suggest the presence of a visual code for retention of visually presented verbal sequences in addition to a phonological code, and they are consistent with the use of a visual temporary memory, or visual “cache”, in verbal serial recall tasks.

Evidence for a role of GABAergic and glutamatergic signalling in the basolateral amygdala in endocannabinoid-mediated fear-conditioned analgesia in rats

Pain ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (4) ◽  
pp. 576-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kieran Rea ◽  
Weredeselam M. Olango ◽  
Brendan Harhen ◽  
Daniel M. Kerr ◽  
Rachel Galligan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basolateral Amygdala ◽  
Conditioned Analgesia

scholarly journals Facial Mimicry and Social Context Affect Smile Interpretation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Orlowska ◽  
Magdalena Rychlowska ◽  
Piotr Szarota ◽  
Eva Krumhuber
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Context Information ◽  
Verbal Information ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Emotional Displays ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

Theoretical accounts and empirical research suggest that people use various sources of information, including sensorimotor simulation and social context, while judging emotional displays. However, the evidence on how those factors can interplay is limited. The present research tested whether social context information has a greater impact on perceivers’ smile judgments when mimicry is experimentally restricted. In Study 1, participants watched images of affiliative smiles presented with verbal descriptions of situations associated with happiness or politeness. Half the participants could freely move their faces while rating the extent to which the smiles communicated affiliation, whereas for the other half mimicry was restricted via a pen-in-mouth procedure. As predicted, smiles were perceived as more affiliative when the social context was polite than when it was happy. Importantly, the effect of context information was significantly larger among participants who could not freely mimic the facial expressions. Study 2 replicated these findings, thereby controlling for empathy and mood, and showed that social context also influences smile discrimination. Together, the findings extend the evidence on the role of verbal information in the interpretation of facial expressions and suggest that mimicry importantly modulates the impact of social context information on smile perception.

Role of Stimulus Modality in Rating Ordinary and Derived Word Strings

1975 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 495-501
Author(s):  
Deana Finkler
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Linguistic Competence ◽  
Verbal Information ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Stimulus Modality ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Visual Mode ◽  
Auditory Mode

Four types of word strings were presented either visually or auditorily and rated for grammaticality and meaningfulness. The string types were normal sentences, syntactically deviant strings, semantically deviant strings, and strings both syntactically and semantically deviant. Results for the auditory mode conform to expectations based upon the linguistic competence of the native speaker but results for the visual mode do not. The results are discussed in terms of the inferiority of visual over auditory short-term memory for verbal information and attentional strategies.

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