The Role of N -Substituents in Radiationless Deactivation of Aminated Derivatives of a Locked GFP Chromophore

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (35) ◽  
pp. 5219-5224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadezhda S. Baleeva ◽  
Snezhana O. Zaitseva ◽  
Dmitriy A. Gorbachev ◽  
Alexander Yu. Smirnov ◽  
Marina B. Zagudaylova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gfp Chromophore ◽  
Derivatives Of

The role of secondary alcoholic groups of D-galacturonan in its degradation with exo-D-galacturonanase

1980 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kveta Heinrichová ◽  
Rudolf Kohn
Keyword(s):  
Acetyl Derivative ◽  
Competitive Inhibitor ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Pectic Acid ◽  
Substrate Complex ◽  
Enzyme Substrate ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Degradation Degree ◽  
Derivatives Of

The effect of exo-D-galacturonanase from carrot on O-acetyl derivatives of pectic acid of variousacetylation degree was studied. Substitution of hydroxyl groups at C(2) and C(3) of D-galactopyranuronic acid units influences the initial rate of degradation, degree of degradation and its maximum rate, the differences being found also in the time of limit degradations of the individual O-acetyl derivatives. Value of the apparent Michaelis constant increases with increase of substitution and value of Vmax changes. O-Acetyl derivatives act as a competitive inhibitor of degradation of D-galacturonan. The extent of the inhibition effect depends on the degree of substitution. The only product of enzymic reaction is D-galactopyranuronic acid, what indicates that no degradation of the terminal substituted unit of O-acetyl derivative of pectic acid takes place. Substitution of hydroxyl groups influences the affinity of the enzyme towards the modified substrate. The results let us presume that hydroxyl groups at C(2) and C(3) of galacturonic unit of pectic acid are essential for formation of the enzyme-substrate complex.

Anomalous narrowing of the shape of the structural process in derivatives of trehalose at high pressure. The role of the internal structure

2021 ◽  
pp. 116321
Author(s):  
Dawid Heczko ◽  
Joanna Grelska ◽  
Karolina Jurkiewicz ◽  
Patrycja Spychalska ◽  
Anna Kasprzycka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Structural Process ◽  
Derivatives Of

scholarly journals Enzymatic synthesis and phosphorolysis of 4(2)-thioxo- and 6(5)-azapyrimidine nucleosides by E. coli nucleoside phosphorylases

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 2588-2601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir A Stepchenko ◽  
Anatoly I Miroshnikov ◽  
Frank Seela ◽  
Igor A Mikhailopulo
Keyword(s):  
Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
E Coli ◽  
No Formation ◽  
Structural Peculiarities ◽  
Substrate Properties ◽  
Nucleoside Phosphorylases ◽  
Derivatives Of

The trans-2-deoxyribosylation of 4-thiouracil (4SUra) and 2-thiouracil (2SUra), as well as 6-azauracil, 6-azathymine and 6-aza-2-thiothymine was studied using dG and E. coli purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) for the in situ generation of 2-deoxy-α-D-ribofuranose-1-phosphate (dRib-1P) followed by its coupling with the bases catalyzed by either E. coli thymidine (TP) or uridine (UP) phosphorylases. 4SUra revealed satisfactory substrate activity for UP and, unexpectedly, complete inertness for TP; no formation of 2’-deoxy-2-thiouridine (2SUd) was observed under analogous reaction conditions in the presence of UP and TP. On the contrary, 2SU, 2SUd, 4STd and 2STd are good substrates for both UP and TP; moreover, 2SU, 4STd and 2’-deoxy-5-azacytidine (Decitabine) are substrates for PNP and the phosphorolysis of the latter is reversible. Condensation of 2SUra and 5-azacytosine with dRib-1P (Ba salt) catalyzed by the accordant UP and PNP in Tris∙HCl buffer gave 2SUd and 2’-deoxy-5-azacytidine in 27% and 15% yields, respectively. 6-Azauracil and 6-azathymine showed good substrate properties for both TP and UP, whereas only TP recognizes 2-thio-6-azathymine as a substrate. 5-Phenyl and 5-tert-butyl derivatives of 6-azauracil and its 2-thioxo derivative were tested as substrates for UP and TP, and only 5-phenyl- and 5-tert-butyl-6-azauracils displayed very low substrate activity. The role of structural peculiarities and electronic properties in the substrate recognition by E. coli nucleoside phosphorylases is discussed.

scholarly journals Red-Shifted Aminated Derivatives of GFP Chromophore for Live-Cell Protein Labeling with Lipocalins

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 3778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Bozhanova ◽  
Mikhail Baranov ◽  
Nadezhda Baleeva ◽  
Alexey Gavrikov ◽  
Alexander Mishin
Keyword(s):  
Green Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Live Cell Imaging ◽  
Cell Imaging ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Live Cell ◽  
Protein Labeling ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
Gfp Chromophore ◽  
Green Fluorescent ◽  
Derivatives Of

Fluorogens are an attractive type of dye for imaging applications, eliminating time-consuming washout steps from staining protocols. With just a handful of reported fluorogen-protein pairs, mostly in the green region of spectra, there is a need for the expansion of their spectral range. Still, the origins of solvatochromic and fluorogenic properties of the chromophores suitable for live-cell imaging are poorly understood. Here we report on the synthesis and labeling applications of novel red-shifted fluorogenic cell-permeable green fluorescent protein (GFP) chromophore analogs.

Selective retention of essential fatty acids: the role of hepatic monoacylglycerol acyltransferase

1993 ◽  
Vol 265 (2) ◽  
pp. R414-R419 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Xia ◽  
N. Mostafa ◽  
B. G. Bhat ◽  
G. L. Florant ◽  
R. A. Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Neonatal Rats ◽  
Beta Oxidation ◽  
Selective Retention ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Assay Conditions ◽  
Monoacylglycerol Acyltransferase

In the suckling rat, chick embryo, and hibernating marmot, fatty acids provide the major source of energy, and despite the high rate of hepatic beta-oxidation, these animals selectively retain long-chain polyunsaturated derivatives of C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3. To determine whether the hepatic microsomal activity monoacylglycerol acyltransferase (MGAT) (EC 2.3.1.22) could provide a mechanism to selectively acylate monoacylglycerols that contain essential fatty acids, we tested the ability of MGAT activity from each of the three species to acylate sn-2-monoC18:1-, sn-2-monoC18:2-, sn-2-monoC18:3-, and sn-2-monoC20:4-glycerols. Hepatic MGAT activity acylated sn-2-monoC18:3-glycerol and sn-2-monoC18:2-glycerol in preference to sn-2-monoC18:1-glycerol in each of the three different lipolytic animals. MGAT's acyl group specificity could not be explained by invoking differences in membrane fluidity because the apparent affinity for sn-2-monoC20:4-glycerol was not increased. Further, sn-2-monoC18:3-glycerol remained a preferred substrate under assay conditions when both the C18:3 and C18:1 species were present in equal amounts. As would be predicted in the presence of high activity of a selective MGAT, the hepatic glycerolipids from neonatal rats showed increases in dienoic, trienoic, and C22:6 fatty acids and relative decreases in monoenoic, saturated, and C20:4 fatty acids. We hypothesize that, during lipolysis, the reacylation of sn-2-monoacylglycerols by MGAT may provide a mechanism by which essential fatty acids are retained within specific tissues.

scholarly journals On metaphorical designation of humans, animals, plants and things in Serbian and English language

2004 ◽  
pp. 147-176
Author(s):  
Stanimir Rakic
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
The Body ◽  
Symbolic Meaning ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Compound Nouns ◽  
Derivatives Of

In this paper I examine compound names of plants, animals, human beings and other things in which at least one nominal component designates a part of the body or clothes, or some basic elements of houshold in Serbian and English. The object of my analysis are complex derivatives of the type (adjective noun) + suffix in Serbian and componds of the type noun's + noun, noun + noun and adjective + noun in English. I try to show that there is a difference in metaphorical designation of human beings and other living creatures and things by such compound nouns. My thesis is that the metathorical designation of human beings by such compounds is based on the symbolic meaning of some words and expressions while the designation of other things and beings relies on noticed similarity. In Serbian language such designation is provided by comples derivatives praznoglavac 'empty-headed person', tupoglavac 'dullard' debolokoiac 'callos person', golobradac 'young, inexperienced person' zutokljunac 'tledling' (fig), in English chicken liver, beetle brain birdbrain, bonehead, butterfingers, bigwig, blackleg, blue blood bluestocking, eat's paw, deadhead,fat-guts,fathead, goldbrick (kol) hardhat, hardhead, greenhorn, redcoat (ist), redneck (sl), thickhead, etc. Polisemous compounds like eat's paw lend support for this thesis because their designation of human beings is based on symbolic meaning of some words or expressions. I hypothesize that the direction and extend of the possible metaphorization of names may be accounted for by the following hierarchy (11) people - animals - plants - meterial things. Such hierarchy is well supported by the observations of Lakoff (1987) and Taylor (1995) about the role of human body in early experience and perception ofthe reality. Different restrictions which may be imposed in the hierarchy (11) should be the matter of further study, some of which have been noted on this paper. The compounds of this type denoting people have metaphorically meaning conected with some pejorative uses. These compounds refer to some psychological or characteral features, and show that for the classification of people such features are much more important than physical properties. While the animals and plants are classified according to some charecteristics of their body parts, people are usually classified according to psychollogical characteristics or their social functions. I have also noted a difference in structure between compounds designation animals and those designating plants and other things. The designation of animals relies more on metonymy, and that of plants and other things on metaphor based on comparision of noticed similarities. In the compounds designating animals, the nominal component relatively seldom refers to the parts of plants or other things. I guess that the cause may be the fact that the anatomy of plants is very different from the anatomy of animals. As a consequence the structure adjective + noun is much more characteristic of the compounds designating animals in English than the structure noun's + noun, and the same holds, although in a lesser degree for the compounds designating humans. It is also noticeable that in English compounds whose second component a part of body or clothes the first component rarely designates animals. On the other hand the compounds (9), in which the nominal head refers to some superordinate species, the first component often designates animal species, but usually of a very different kind. These data seem to lend support for Goldvarg & Gluksberg's thesis (1998) that metaforical interpretation is favoured if the nominal constituents denote quite different entities.

scholarly journals The Iroquois homeobox genes function as dorsal selectors in the Drosophila head

Development ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 127 (9) ◽  
pp. 1921-1929 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Cavodeassi ◽  
J. Modolell ◽  
S. Campuzano
Keyword(s):  
Imaginal Disc ◽  
Eye Development ◽  
Homeobox Genes ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Maxillary Palpus ◽  
C Cells ◽  
C Cell ◽  
Organizing Center ◽  
Derivatives Of

The Iroquois complex (Iro-C) genes are expressed in the dorsal compartment of the Drosophila eye/antenna imaginal disc. Previous work has shown that the Iro-C homeoproteins are essential for establishing a dorsoventral pattern organizing center necessary for eye development. Here we show that, in addition, the Iro-C products are required for the specification of dorsal head structures. In mosaic animals, the removal of the Iro-C transforms the dorsal head capsule into ventral structures, namely, ptilinum, prefrons and suborbital bristles. Moreover, the Iro-C(−) cells can give rise to an ectopic antenna and maxillary palpus, the main derivatives of the antenna part of the imaginal disc. These transformations are cell-autonomous, which indicates that the descendants of a dorsal Iro-C(−) cell can give rise to essentially all the ventral derivatives of the eye/antenna disc. These results support a role of the Iro-C as a dorsal selector in the eye and head capsule. Moreover, they reinforce the idea that developmental cues inherited from the distinct embryonic segments from which the eye/antenna disc originates play a minimal role in the patterning of this disc.

scholarly journals DFT Studies of Graphene-Functionalised Derivatives of Capecitabine

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 1131-1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Aramideh ◽  
Mahmoud Mirzaei ◽  
Ghadamali Khodarahmi ◽  
Oğuz Gülseren
Keyword(s):  
Density Functional ◽  
Density Functional Theory Calculations ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Molecular Models ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Atomic Properties ◽  
Scale Properties ◽  
Derivatives Of

AbstractCancer is one of the major problems for so many people around the world; therefore, dedicating efforts to explore efficient therapeutic methodologies is very important for researchers of life sciences. In this case, nanostructures are expected to be carriers of medicinal compounds for targeted drug design and delivery purposes. Within this work, the graphene (Gr)-functionalised derivatives of capecitabine (CAP), as a representative anticancer, have been studied based on density functional theory calculations. Two different sizes of Gr molecular models have been used for the functionalisation of CAP counterparts, CAP-Gr3 and CAP-Gr5, to explore the effects of Gr-functionalisation on the original properties of CAP. All singular and functionalised molecular models have been optimised and the molecular and atomic scale properties have been evaluated for the optimised structures. Higher formation favourability has been obtained for CAP-Gr5 in comparison with CAP-Gr3 and better structural stability has been obtained in the water-solvated system than the isolated gas-phase system for all models. The CAP-Gr5 model could play a better role of electron transferring in comparison with the CAP-Gr3 model. As a concluding remark, the molecular properties of CAP changed from singular to functionalised models whereas the atomic properties remained almost unchanged, which is expected for a carrier not to use significant perturbations to the original properties of the carried counterpart.

Fluoro Derivatives of Retinal Illuminate the Decisive Role of the C12-H Element in Photoisomerization and Rhodopsin Activation

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (49) ◽  
pp. 17933-17942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra H. M. Bovee-Geurts ◽  
Isabelle Fernández Fernández ◽  
Robert S. H. Liu ◽  
Richard A. Mathies ◽  
Johan Lugtenburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decisive Role ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Fluoro Derivatives
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