Effect of Conjugated Linoleic Acids on Nutritional Status and Lipid Metabolism in Rats Fed Linoleic‐Acid‐Deprived Diets

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (10) ◽  
pp. 1800362
Author(s):  
Ana Clara Fariña ◽  
Jimena Lavandera ◽  
Marcela Aída González ◽  
Claudio Adrián Bernal
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acids

scholarly journals THU0358 NEGATIVE CHANGES OF BODY COMPOSITION IN MYOSITIS PATIENTS AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH DISEASE SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS.

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 410.3-410
Author(s):  
S. Oreska ◽  
M. Špiritović ◽  
P. Česák ◽  
O. Marecek ◽  
H. Štorkánová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Muscle Involvement

Background:Skeletal muscle, pulmonary and articular involvement in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) limit the mobility/self-sufficiency of patients, and can have a negative impact on body composition.Objectives:The aim was to assess body composition and physical activity of IIM patients and healthy controls (HC) and the association with selected inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and laboratory markers of nutrition and lipid metabolism.Methods:54 patients with IIM (45 females; mean age 57.7; disease duration 5.8 years; polymyositis (PM, 22) / dermatomyositis (DM, 25) / necrotizing myopathy (IMNM, 7)) and 54 age-/sex-matched HC (45 females, mean age 57.7) without rheumatic/tumor diseases were included. PM/DM patients fulfilled Bohan/Peter criteria for PM/DM. We assessed body composition (densitometry: iDXA Lunar, bioelectric impedance: BIA2000-M), physical activity (Human Activity Profile, HAP questionnaire), serum levels of 27 cytokines/chemokines (commercial multiplex ELISA kit, Bio-Rad Laboratories) and serum levels of selected parameters of nutrition and lipidogram. Disease activity (MITAX and MYOACT activity score) and muscle involvement (manual muscle testing, MMT-8, and functional index 2, FI2) were evaluated. Data are presented as mean±SD.Results:Compared to HC, patients with IIM had a trend towards significantly increased body fat % (BF%; iDXA: 39.9±7.1 vs. 42.4±7.1 %, p=0.077), but significantly decreased lean body mass (LBM; iDXA: 45.6±8.1 vs. 40.6±7.2 kg, p=0.001; BIA: 52.6±8.8 vs. 48.7±9.0 kg, p=0.023), increased extracellular mass/body cell mass (ECM/BCM) ratio (1.06±0.15 vs. 1.44±0.42, p<0.001), reflecting deteriorated nutritional status and predisposition for physical activity, and significantly lower bone mineral density (BMD: 1.2±0.1 vs. 1.1±0.1 g/cm2, p<0.001). Disease duration negatively correlated with BMD and LBM-BIA. Disease activity (MITAX, MYOACT) positively correlated with LBM (by BIA and DXA), similarly as with basal metabolic rate (BMR), and fat free mass (FFM). CRP was positively associated with BF% (BIA and DXA). Higher BF%-DEXA was associated with worse physical endurance (FI2) and worse ability to perform physical activity (HAP). MMT-8 score negatively correlated with ECM/BCM ratio. Serum levels of several inflammatory cytokines/chemokines (specifically IL-1ra, MCP, IL-10) and markers of nutrition (specifically albumin, C3-, C4-complement, cholinesterase, amylase, insulin and C-peptide, vitamin-D, orosomucoid), and lipid metabolism (specifically triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, apolipoprotein A and B, atherogenic index of plasma) were significantly associated with alterations of body composition in IIM patients. (p<0.05 for all correlations)Conclusion:Compared to healthy age-/sex-matched individuals we found significant negative changes in body composition of our IIM patients associated with their disease activity and duration, inflammatory status, skeletal muscle involvement, and physical activity. These data could reflect their impaired nutritional status and predispositions for physical exercise, aerobic fitness and performance.Serum levels of certain inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and markers of nutrition and lipid metabolism were associated with alterations of body composition in IIM patients. This might further support the role of systemic inflammation and nutritional status on the negative changes in body composition of IIM patients.Acknowledgments:Supported by AZV NV18-01-00161A, MHCR 023728, SVV 260373 and GAUK 312218Disclosure of Interests:Sabina Oreska: None declared, Maja Špiritović: None declared, Petr Česák: None declared, Ondrej Marecek: None declared, Hana Štorkánová: None declared, Barbora Heřmánková: None declared, Kateřina Kubinova: None declared, Martin Klein: None declared, Lucia Vernerová: None declared, Olga Růžičková: None declared, Karel Pavelka Consultant of: Abbvie, MSD, BMS, Egis, Roche, UCB, Medac, Pfizer, Biogen, Speakers bureau: Abbvie, MSD, BMS, Egis, Roche, UCB, Medac, Pfizer, Biogen, Ladislav Šenolt: None declared, Heřman Mann: None declared, Jiří Vencovský: None declared, Michal Tomčík: None declared

Effects of feeding ryegrass of varying maturity on the metabolism and composition of lipids in the rumen of sheep

1986 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Gerson ◽  
A. John ◽  
A. S. D. King
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Triacyl Glycerol

SummaryTwo experiments were carried out to test the effects of ryegrass maturity on rumen lipid metabolism. In the first experiment the effect of stage of maturity of perennial ryegrass on lipid metabolism in the rumen was studied with grazing sheep fitted with rumen cannulae. The pasture was either immature (13·8% crude protein), mature (8·1% crude protein) or senescent (5·5% crude protein).The ratesin vitroof triacyl glycerol lipolysis and linoleic acid (18: 2w6) hydrogenation were found to decrease with increasing age of the ryegrass.In the second experiment the sheep were dosed with emulsified linseed oil (30 g) via rumen cannulae while grazing immature or senescent ryegrass and the rumen digesta and blood plasma sampled at 0, 4 and 8 h after dosing.The proportions of linseed oil retained in the rumen were greater and blood plasma linoleic (18:2w6) and linolenic (18:3w3) acid concentrations higher when senescent ryegrass was fed.It was concluded that the rates of rumen lipolysis and hydrogenation decreased with the age of pasture and that after dosing with linseed oil the polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations in blood plasma increased.

scholarly journals Maternal conjugated linoleic acid alters hepatic lipid metabolism via the AMPK signaling pathway in chick embryos

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 224-234
Author(s):  
Chunyan Fu ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Qimeng Yao ◽  
Xiangfa Wei ◽  
Tianhong Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Hepatic Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Hepatic Lipid ◽  
Ampk Signaling

53 EFFECT OF ADDITION OF L-CARNITINE AND CONJUGATED LINOLEIC ACID DURING BOVINE EMBRYO CULTURE ON CRYOSURVIVAL, LIPID CONTENT, AND GENE EXPRESSION

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
A. Ruiz ◽  
P. J. Hansen ◽  
J. Block
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Embryo Culture ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Bovine Embryo

The objective was to determine the effects of addition of l-carnitine (LC) and trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) during bovine embryo culture on cryosurvival, lipid content, and gene expression. For all experiments, embryos were produced in vitro using abattoir-derived oocytes. Following insemination, presumptive zygotes were randomly assigned in a 2 × 2 factorial to be cultured in SOF-BE1 supplemented with or without 3.03 mM LC and 100 μM CLA until Day 7. For Exp. 1, blastocyst- and expanded-blastocyst-stage embryos (n = 777) were slow-frozen in 1.5 M ethylene glycol. Embryos were thawed and then cultured for 72 h. Re-expansion and hatching rates were recorded at 24, 48, and 72 h. There was no effect of LC on post-thaw re-expansion rates, but CLA reduced (P < 0.05) and tended (P < 0.08) to reduce re-expansion rate at 24 and 48 h, respectively (76.5 ± 2.5 v. 70.4 ± 2.5 and 79.5 ± 2.2 v. 76.0 ± 2.2, respectively). Whereas hatching rate at 72 h tended (P < 0.08) to be higher for embryos cultured with LC (67.8 ± 2.5 v. 74.4 ± 2.5), treatment with CLA reduced (P < 0.05) hatching rate at 48 h (62.3 ± 2.6 v. 54.9 ± 2.6). In Exp. 2, to determine lipid content, expanded blastocyst-stage embryos (n = 263) were harvested and stained using Nile Red. Embryos were examined for fluorescence using an epifluorescence microscope, and intensity of fluorescence per unit area was quantified using ImageJ software (NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA). There was a significant interaction (P < 0.01) between LC and CLA affecting embryo lipid content. Whereas addition of CLA during culture increased lipid, treatment with LC and the combination of LC and CLA reduced lipid (22.8 ± 1.1 v. 19.1 ± 1.1 v. 28.4 ± 1.1 v. 19.2 ± 1.2 for no additive, +LC, +CLA, and +LC and CLA, respectively). For Exp. 3, the effect of LC and CLA on the relative abundance of genes involved in lipid metabolism (ELOVL6, SCD1, SQLE, HMGCS1, CYP51A1, FDPS, FDFT1, LDLR, and SC4MOL) was determined. Pools of 5 expanded blastocyst-stage embryos from each treatment were collected across 5 replicates. The RNA was purified and synthesised into cDNA for RT-qPCR analysis. The SDHA, GAPDH, and YWAZ were used as housekeeping genes. Addition of LC during culture reduced (P < 0.05) the abundance of 4 of the 9 genes analysed (SQLE, HMGCS1, CYP51A1, and FDPS) and tended (P < 0.08) to reduce a fifth (FDFT1). In addition, there was a tendency (P < 0.08) for LC to increase the abundance of SCD1. Addition of CLA during culture had minimal effects on transcript abundance. In particular, CLA treatment reduced (P < 0.01) ELOVL6 and tended (P < 0.08) to increase SCD1. In contrast to previous studies, post-thaw cryosurvival was not significantly improved by treatment with LC or CLA. Results indicate that reduced embryo lipid content caused by LC treatment is due, in part, to an alteration in the abundance of genes involved in lipid metabolism. Further research is still necessary to determine whether in vivo survival following transfer of cryopreserved embryos can be enhanced by treatment with LC or CLA.Support was provided by USDA AFRI Grant 2010–85122–20623.

High fat diet incorporated with meat proteins changes biomarkers of lipid metabolism, antioxidant activities, and the serum metabolomic profile in Glrx1−/− mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 236-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ijaz Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Umair Ijaz ◽  
Muzahir Hussain ◽  
Iftikhar Ali Khan ◽  
Noreen Mehmood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Glutathione Metabolism ◽  
Metabolomic Profile ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Meat Proteins

High-fat mutton protein diet may alter lipid-, linoleic acid-, amino acid-, bile acid-, sphingolipid-, glycine-, serine- and glutathione-metabolism pathways in Glrx−/− mice whereas HFF diet ameliorated NAFLD by modifying these pathways.

scholarly journals Layered Double Hydroxides for the Catalytic Isomerization of Linoleic Acid to Conjugated Linoleic Acids (CLAs)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Xavier Cardó ◽  
Pilar Salagre ◽  
Yolanda Cesteros
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Layered Double Hydroxides ◽  
Isomerization Reaction ◽  
Complex Reaction ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acids ◽  
Nutritional Properties ◽  
Condensation Products ◽  
Catalytic Isomerization ◽  
Double Hydroxides ◽  
Very High

Several hydrotalcite-type compounds with different divalent (Mg2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+) and trivalent (Al3+, Cr3+) cations and different ratio compositions were tested for the isomerization of linoleic acid in order to study their role on the obtention of specific conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) with anticarcinogenic and nutritional properties. This is a complex reaction due to the high number of possible isomers of linoleic acid together with the significant competition of the isomerization reaction with other secondary undesired reactions. All catalysts showed very high conversions of linoleic acid, but condensation products were mainly obtained, especially for the hydrotalcite-type compounds with higher Mg/Al ratios due to their higher Brønsted basicity and for the catalysts with higher Ni2+ content or with the presence of Cu2+, Zn2+ in the layers because of the influence of the higher acidity of these cations on the Brønsted basicity of the hydroxides. The best results were achieved for the catalysts with Mg/Al ratio around 2.5–3, resulting in 29–38% of selectivity to the identified CLAs.

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