A Case Study of Mechanical Strain in Supramolecular Complexes to Manipulate the Spin State of Iron(II) Centres

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (33) ◽  
pp. 5503-5510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niklas Struch ◽  
Jan Gerit Brandenburg ◽  
Gregor Schnakenburg ◽  
Norbert Wagner ◽  
Johannes Beck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spin State ◽  
Mechanical Strain ◽  
Supramolecular Complexes

Tuning Spin-State Preference by Substituents:  A Case Study of Thianthrene Dication

2002 ◽  
Vol 106 (37) ◽  
pp. 8716-8720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiro Ito ◽  
Haruhiro Ino ◽  
Hidehisa Ichiki ◽  
Kazuyoshi Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Spin State ◽  
State Preference

scholarly journals Interpretable and tractable models of transcriptional noise for the rational design of single-molecule quantification experiments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gennady Gorin ◽  
John J. Vastola ◽  
Meichen Fang ◽  
Lior Pachter
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Mathematical Analysis ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Mechanical Strain ◽  
Discrete Models ◽  
Rate Variation ◽  
Transcription Rate ◽  
Competing Hypotheses ◽  
Compare And Contrast

To what extent do cell-to-cell differences in transcription rate affect RNA copy number distributions, and what can this variation tell us about biological processes underlying transcription? We argue that successfully answering such questions requires quantitative models that are both interpretable (describing concrete biophysical phenomena) and tractable (amenable to mathematical analysis); in particular, such models enable the identification of experiments which best discriminate between competing hypotheses. As a proof of principle, we introduce a simple but flexible class of models involving a stochastic transcription rate (governed by a stochastic differential equation) coupled to a discrete stochastic RNA transcription and splicing process, and compare and contrast two biologically plausible hypotheses about observed transcription rate variation. One hypothesis assumes transcription rate variation is due to DNA experiencing mechanical strain and relaxation, while the other assumes that variation is due to fluctuations in the number of an abundant regulator. Through a thorough mathematical analysis, we show that these two models are challenging to distinguish: properties like first- and second-order moments, autocorrelations, and several limiting distributions are shared. However, our analysis also points to the experiments which best discriminate between them. Our work illustrates the importance of theory-guided data collection in general, and multimodal single-molecule data in particular for distinguishing between competing hypotheses. We use this theoretical case study to introduce and motivate a general framework for constructing and solving such nontrivial continuous-discrete models.

The Genesis and Internal Dynamics of El Salvador's People's Revolutionary Army, 1970–1976

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 102-129
Author(s):  
ALBERTO MARTÍN ÁLVAREZ ◽  
EUDALD CORTINA ORERO
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
Internal Coherence ◽  
The 1960S

AbstractUsing interviews with former militants and previously unpublished documents, this article traces the genesis and internal dynamics of the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (People's Revolutionary Army, ERP) in El Salvador during the early years of its existence (1970–6). This period was marked by the inability of the ERP to maintain internal coherence or any consensus on revolutionary strategy, which led to a series of splits and internal fights over control of the organisation. The evidence marshalled in this case study sheds new light on the origins of the armed Salvadorean Left and thus contributes to a wider understanding of the processes of formation and internal dynamics of armed left-wing groups that emerged from the 1960s onwards in Latin America.

Culture and the plasticity of perception

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lifshitz ◽  
T. M. Luhrmann
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Sensory Experience ◽  
Cultural Learning ◽  
The World

Abstract Culture shapes our basic sensory experience of the world. This is particularly striking in the study of religion and psychosis, where we and others have shown that cultural context determines both the structure and content of hallucination-like events. The cultural shaping of hallucinations may provide a rich case-study for linking cultural learning with emerging prediction-based models of perception.

Dual systems for all: Higher-order, role-based relational reasoning as a uniquely derived feature of human cognition

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Povinelli ◽  
Gabrielle C. Glorioso ◽  
Shannon L. Kuznar ◽  
Mateja Pavlic
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Reasoning ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Important Case ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Relational Reasoning ◽  
Dual Systems ◽  
First Order ◽  
Reasoning System ◽  
Role Based

Abstract Hoerl and McCormack demonstrate that although animals possess a sophisticated temporal updating system, there is no evidence that they also possess a temporal reasoning system. This important case study is directly related to the broader claim that although animals are manifestly capable of first-order (perceptually-based) relational reasoning, they lack the capacity for higher-order, role-based relational reasoning. We argue this distinction applies to all domains of cognition.

Sociocultural memory development research drives new directions in gadgetry science

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penny Van Bergen ◽  
John Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Memory Development ◽  
Development Research ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Cross Cultural Research

Abstract Sociocultural developmental psychology can drive new directions in gadgetry science. We use autobiographical memory, a compound capacity incorporating episodic memory, as a case study. Autobiographical memory emerges late in development, supported by interactions with parents. Intervention research highlights the causal influence of these interactions, whereas cross-cultural research demonstrates culturally determined diversity. Different patterns of inheritance are discussed.

Construction of plastic contact deformation maps on ceramics: a case study on aluminum nitride

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 636-637
Author(s):  
D. L. Callahan
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Aluminum Nitride ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Bright Field Image ◽  
Perfectly Plastic ◽  
Contrast Analysis ◽  
Deformation Patterns

Modern polishing, precision machining and microindentation techniques allow the processing and mechanical characterization of ceramics at nanometric scales and within entirely plastic deformation regimes. The mechanical response of most ceramics to such highly constrained contact is not predictable from macroscopic properties and the microstructural deformation patterns have proven difficult to characterize by the application of any individual technique. In this study, TEM techniques of contrast analysis and CBED are combined with stereographic analysis to construct a three-dimensional microstructure deformation map of the surface of a perfectly plastic microindentation on macroscopically brittle aluminum nitride.The bright field image in Figure 1 shows a lg Vickers microindentation contained within a single AlN grain far from any boundaries. High densities of dislocations are evident, particularly near facet edges but are not individually resolvable. The prominent bend contours also indicate the severity of plastic deformation. Figure 2 is a selected area diffraction pattern covering the entire indentation area.

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