scholarly journals Infection with a Brazilian isolate of Zika virus generates RIG‐I stimulatory RNA and the viral NS5 protein blocks type I IFN induction and signaling

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 1120-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonny Hertzog ◽  
Antonio Gregorio Dias Junior ◽  
Rachel E. Rigby ◽  
Claire L. Donald ◽  
Alice Mayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type I Ifn ◽  
Brazilian Isolate ◽  
Protein Blocks

scholarly journals Autophagy Contributes to Host Immunity and Protection against Zika Virus Infection via Type I IFN Signaling

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuyi Huang ◽  
Yujie Wang ◽  
Shuhui Meng ◽  
Zhuohang Chen ◽  
Haifan Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Host Immunity ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type I Ifn ◽  
Zikv Infection

Recent studies have indicated that the Zika virus (ZIKV) has a significant impact on the fetal brain, and autophagy is contributing to host immune response and defense against virus infection. Here, we demonstrate that ZIKV infection triggered increased LC3 punctuation in mouse monocyte-macrophage cell line (RAW264.7), mouse microglial cell line (BV2), and hindbrain tissues, proving the occurrence of autophagy both in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, manual intervention of autophagy, like deficiency inhibited by 3-MA, can reduce viral clearance in RAW264.7 cells upon ZIKV infection. Besides, specific siRNA strategy confirmed that autophagy can be activated through Atg7-Atg5 and type I IFN signaling pathway upon ZIKV infection, while knocking down of Atg7 and Atg5 effectively decreased the ZIKV clearance in phagocytes. Furthermore, we analyzed that type I IFN signaling could contribute to autophagic clearance of invaded ZIKV in phagocytes. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that ZIKV-induced autophagy is favorable to activate host immunity, particularly through type I IFN signaling, which participates in host protection and defense against ZIKV infection.

scholarly journals RIG-I Plays a Dominant Role in the Induction of Transcriptional Changes in Zika Virus-Infected Cells, which Protect from Virus-Induced Cell Death

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjam Schilling ◽  
Anne Bridgeman ◽  
Nicki Gray ◽  
Jonny Hertzog ◽  
Philip Hublitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type I Ifn ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Induced Apoptosis ◽  
The Individual

The Zika virus (ZIKV) has received much attention due to an alarming increase in cases of neurological disorders including congenital Zika syndrome associated with infection. To date, there is no effective treatment available. An immediate response by the innate immune system is crucial for effective control of the virus. Using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockouts in A549 cells, we investigated the individual contributions of the RIG-I-like receptors MDA5 and RIG-I to ZIKV sensing and control of this virus by using a Brazilian ZIKV strain. We show that RIG-I is the main sensor for ZIKV in A549 cells. Surprisingly, we observed that loss of RIG-I and consecutive type I interferon (IFN) production led to virus-induced apoptosis. ZIKV non-structural protein NS5 was reported to interfere with type I IFN receptor signaling. Additionally, we show that ZIKV NS5 inhibits type I IFN induction. Overall, our study highlights the importance of RIG-I-dependent ZIKV sensing for the prevention of virus-induced cell death and shows that NS5 inhibits the production of type I IFN.

scholarly journals Deconvolution of pro- and antiviral genomic responses in Zika virus-infected and bystander macrophages

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (39) ◽  
pp. E9172-E9181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron F. Carlin ◽  
Edward A. Vizcarra ◽  
Emilie Branche ◽  
Karla M. Viramontes ◽  
Lester Suarez-Amaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Late Time ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type I Ifn ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Preferential Expression ◽  
Genome Wide

Genome-wide investigations of host–pathogen interactions are often limited by analyses of mixed populations of infected and uninfected cells, which lower sensitivity and accuracy. To overcome these obstacles and identify key mechanisms by which Zika virus (ZIKV) manipulates host responses, we developed a system that enables simultaneous characterization of genome-wide transcriptional and epigenetic changes in ZIKV-infected and neighboring uninfected primary human macrophages. We demonstrate that transcriptional responses in ZIKV-infected macrophages differed radically from those in uninfected neighbors and that studying the cell population as a whole produces misleading results. Notably, the uninfected population of macrophages exhibits the most rapid and extensive changes in gene expression, related to type I IFN signaling. In contrast, infected macrophages exhibit a delayed and attenuated transcriptional response distinguished by preferential expression of IFNB1 at late time points. Biochemical and genomic studies of infected macrophages indicate that ZIKV infection causes both a targeted defect in the type I IFN response due to degradation of STAT2 and reduces RNA polymerase II protein levels and DNA occupancy, particularly at genes required for macrophage identity. Simultaneous evaluation of transcriptomic and epigenetic features of infected and uninfected macrophages thereby reveals the coincident evolution of dominant proviral or antiviral mechanisms, respectively, that determine the outcome of ZIKV exposure.

Myxovirus resistance protein A activates type I IFN signaling pathway to inhibit Zika virus replication

2021 ◽  
Vol 306 ◽  
pp. 198534
Author(s):  
Kai Ren ◽  
Honggang Sun ◽  
Limin Chen ◽  
Ningning Chen ◽  
Lu Yu
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Virus Replication ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type I Ifn ◽  
Resistance Protein

PLASMACYTOID DENDRITIC CELLS FUNCTION IN HIV INFECTION

2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Martin Hyrcza ◽  
Mario Ostrowski ◽  
Sandy Der
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Gene Transcription ◽  
Sendai Virus ◽  
Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells ◽  
Type I Interferons ◽  
Interferon Response ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type I Ifn

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are innate immune cells able to produce large quantities of type I interferons (IFN) when activated. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients show generalized immune dysfunction characterized in part by chronic interferon response. In this study we investigated the role of dendritic cells inactivating and maintaining this response. Specifically we compared the IFN geneactivity in pDCs in response to several viruses and TLR agonists. We hypothesized that 1) the pattern of IFN gene transcription would differ in pDCs treated with HIV than with other agents, and 2) that pDCs from patients from different stages of disease would respond differently to the stimulations. To test these hypotheses, we obtained pDCs from 15 HIV-infected and uninfected individuals and treated freshly isolated pDCs with either HIV (BAL strain), influenza virus (A/PR/8/34), Sendai virus (Cantell strain), TLR7 agonist(imiquimod), or TLR9 agonist (CpG-ODN) for 6h. Type I IFN gene transcription was monitored by real time qPCRfor IFNA1, A2, A5, A6, A8,A17, B1, and E1, and cytokine levels were assayed by Cytometric Bead Arrays forTNF?, IL6, IL8, IL10, IL1?, and IL12p70. pDC function as determined by these two assays showed no difference between HIV-infected and uninfected patients or between patients with early or chronic infection. Specifically, HIV did notinduce type I IFN gene expression, whereas influenza virus, Sendai virus and imiquimod did. Similarly, HIV failed to induce any cytokine release from pDCs in contrast to influenza virus, Sendai virus and imiquimod, which stimulatedrelease of TNF?, IL6, or IL8. Together these results suggest that the reaction of pDCs to HIV virus is quantitatively different from the response to agents such as virus, Sendai virus, and imiquimod. In addition, pDCs from HIV-infected persons have responses similar to pDCs from uninfected donors, suggesting, that the DC function may not be affected by HIV infection.

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