Water pricing and irrigation water demand: economic efficiency versus environmental sustainability

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Massarutto
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Water Pricing ◽  
Irrigation Water Demand

Irrigation water pricing policy for water demand and environmental management: a case study in the Weihe River basin

Water Policy ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 816-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanus Asefaw Aregay ◽  
Zhao Minjuan ◽  
Zahra Masood Bhutta
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Water Pricing ◽  
Pricing Policy ◽  
Weihe River ◽  
Weihe River Basin ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Irrigation Water Pricing

Irrigated agricultural production is the backbone of the Chinese agricultural sector, but the increasing demand for irrigation water, its inefficient utilization and overuse of chemical inputs, accompanied by the short supply of water resources have endangered the nation's agricultural and environmental sustainability. The Chinese government has proposed a water pricing policy with the expectation of improving the efficiency of utilizing irrigation water and fertilizer, to mitigate these problems. With the main objective of this paper being to assess the impact of this policy on water demand and environmental sustainability, a positive mathematical programming model was adopted to simulate different irrigation water pricing scenarios based on farm-level primary data from three irrigation districts along the Weihe River basin. The main parameter for assessing water demand was the change in total water consumption relative to the base year, while change in fertilizer consumption and water demand was determined to evaluate the impact of pricing policy on environment sustainability. According to the results, irrigation water demand and fertilizer consumption were mostly price inelastic to water pricing. This implies that water pricing policy can have only a minor role in regulating the water demand and environment in the region even when the base-year water price is doubled.

Derivation of irrigation water demand functions through linear and non-linear optimisation models: application to an intensively irrigated area in northern Greece

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 75-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Latinopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Pricing ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Irrigation Water Demand ◽  
Non Linear

The growing need for sustainable management of water resources has introduced the implementation of water pricing as an indirect method for efficient and sustainable water use. Agriculture is the main consumer of water worldwide but in many countries it is also a very fragile socioeconomic sector. Within this sense, the paper examines the effect of irrigation water pricing on water demand and on farmers' income. The derivation of a demand function through a linear programming model is the most common approach as it is relatively easy to be implemented and has limited data requirements. However, this method does not allow for a possible reduction of water consumption from the maximum level of water productivity in order to attain the maximum economic outcome. Thus, a non-linear model was formulated in order to estimate the best allocation of water and land resources for each crop. The results show significant differences between the two models (the linear and the non-linear), especially at high water prices.

scholarly journals An Innovative Fog Catcher System Applied in the Andean Communities of Ecuador

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1917-1923
Author(s):  
David V. Carrera-Villacrés ◽  
Iveth Carolina Robalino ◽  
Fabian F. Rodríguez ◽  
Washington R. Sandoval ◽  
Deysi L. Hidalgo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Water Deficits ◽  
Irrigation Water Demand ◽  
The World ◽  
Precipitation Water ◽  
Local Water

Abstract. Fog catchers have been successfully applied in several countries around the world. In Ecuador, the Galte communities in the Andean region suffer from water deficits because they are located at an altitude higher than 3500 m above sea level. Rainfall in the area is relatively low, about 600 mm per year, with high evapotranspiration of approximately 615.74 mm per year. This study aimed to install fog catchers in Galte in 2014 and 2015 to help meet the communities’ water needs. The fog catcher system was designed to satisfy the irrigation water demand for local agricultural production, mainly maize, based on estimates using the Blaney-Criddle method. Every day throughout the year, each fog catcher collected 5 to 20 L of water per m2 of catcher area. The results indicate that the fog catcher system can meet about 5% of the local water demand for agricultural production. Keywords: Ecuador, Evaporation, Evapotranspiration, Precipitation, Water deficit.

scholarly journals Quantifying the Impacts of Compound Extremes on Agriculture and Irrigation Water Demand

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iman Haqiqi ◽  
Danielle S. Grogan ◽  
Thomas W. Hertel ◽  
Wolfram Schlenker
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
The United States ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Irrigation Water Demand

Abstract. Agricultural production and food prices are affected by hydroclimatic extremes. There has been a large literature measuring the impacts of individual extreme events (heat stress or water stress) on agricultural and human systems. Yet, we lack a comprehensive understanding of the significance and the magnitude of the impacts of compound extremes. Here, we combine a high-resolution weather product with fine-scale outputs of a hydrological model to construct functional indicators of compound hydroclimatic extremes for agriculture. Then, we measure the impacts of individual and compound extremes on crop yields focusing on the United States during the 1981–2015 period. Supported by statistical evidence, we confirm that wet heat is more damaging than dry heat for crops. We show that the average damage from heat stress has been up to four times more severe when combined with water stress; and the value of water experiences a four-fold increase on hot days. In a robust framework with only a few parameters of compound extremes, this paper also improves our understanding of the conditional marginal value (or damage) of water in crop production. This value is critically important for irrigation water demand and farmer decision-making – particularly in the context of supplemental irrigation and sub-surface drainage.

scholarly journals Potential for sustainable irrigation expansion in a 3 °C warmer climate

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (47) ◽  
pp. 29526-29534
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Rosa ◽  
Davide Danilo Chiarelli ◽  
Matteo Sangiorgio ◽  
Areidy Aracely Beltran-Peña ◽  
Maria Cristina Rulli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Irrigation Water Demand ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Sustainable Irrigation

Climate change is expected to affect crop production worldwide, particularly in rain-fed agricultural regions. It is still unknown how irrigation water needs will change in a warmer planet and where freshwater will be locally available to expand irrigation without depleting freshwater resources. Here, we identify the rain-fed cropping systems that hold the greatest potential for investment in irrigation expansion because water will likely be available to suffice irrigation water demand. Using projections of renewable water availability and irrigation water demand under warming scenarios, we identify target regions where irrigation expansion may sustain crop production under climate change. Our results also show that global rain-fed croplands hold significant potential for sustainable irrigation expansion and that different irrigation strategies have different irrigation expansion potentials. Under a 3 °C warming, we find that a soft-path irrigation expansion with small monthly water storage and deficit irrigation has the potential to expand irrigated land by 70 million hectares and feed 300 million more people globally. We also find that a hard-path irrigation expansion with large annual water storage can sustainably expand irrigation up to 350 million hectares, while producing food for 1.4 billion more people globally. By identifying where irrigation can be expanded under a warmer climate, this work may serve as a starting point for investigating socioeconomic factors of irrigation expansion and may guide future research and resources toward those agricultural communities and water management institutions that will most need to adapt to climate change.

scholarly journals Estimation of Irrigation Water Demand for Barley in Iran: The panel Data Evidence

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Sadeghi ◽  
Mohd Ghazali B Mohayidin ◽  
Md. Ariff Bin Hussein ◽  
Jalal Attari
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Irrigation Water Demand

Irrigation water demand sensitivity to climate variability across the Contiguous United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanshu Nie ◽  
Benjamin F. Zaitchik ◽  
Matthew Rodell ◽  
Sujay V. Kumar ◽  
Kristi R. Arsenault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Irrigation Water Demand ◽  
Demand Sensitivity

scholarly journals Crop-specific seasonal estimates of irrigation-water demand in South Asia

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1971-1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hester Biemans ◽  
Christian Siderius ◽  
Ashok Mishra ◽  
Bashir Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
State Level ◽  
Multiple Cropping ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Irrigation Water Demand ◽  
Regional Estimates

Abstract. Especially in the Himalayan headwaters of the main rivers in South Asia, shifts in runoff are expected as a result of a rapidly changing climate. In recent years, our insight into these shifts and their impact on water availability has increased. However, a similar detailed understanding of the seasonal pattern in water demand is surprisingly absent. This hampers a proper assessment of water stress and ways to cope and adapt. In this study, the seasonal pattern of irrigation-water demand resulting from the typical practice of multiple cropping in South Asia was accounted for by introducing double cropping with monsoon-dependent planting dates in a hydrology and vegetation model. Crop yields were calibrated to the latest state-level statistics of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal. The improvements in seasonal land use and cropping periods lead to lower estimates of irrigation-water demand compared to previous model-based studies, despite the net irrigated area being higher. Crop irrigation-water demand differs sharply between seasons and regions; in Pakistan, winter (rabi) and monsoon summer (kharif) irrigation demands are almost equal, whereas in Bangladesh the rabi demand is  ∼  100 times higher. Moreover, the relative importance of irrigation supply versus rain decreases sharply from west to east. Given the size and importance of South Asia improved regional estimates of food production and its irrigation-water demand will also affect global estimates. In models used for global water resources and food-security assessments, processes like multiple cropping and monsoon-dependent planting dates should not be ignored.

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