Seeking life in sedimented waters: Environmental DNA from diverse habitat types reveals ecologically significant species in a tropical marine environment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin Cheong Aden Ip ◽  
Ywee Chieh Tay ◽  
Jia Jin Marc Chang ◽  
Hui Ping Ang ◽  
Karenne Phyu Phyu Tun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Diverse Habitat

scholarly journals Environmental DNA diffusion of reef fishes along a distance gradient from four isolated islands of the Western Indian Ocean

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mélissa Jaquier ◽  
Camille Albouy ◽  
Wilhelmine Bach ◽  
Conor Waldock ◽  
Viriginie Marques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distance Sampling ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Western Indian Ocean ◽  
Reef Fishes ◽  
Species Distribution Modelling ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Reference Database ◽  
Developmental Phase ◽  
Marine Environments ◽  
Habitat Types

Islands have traditionally served as model systems to study ecological and evolutionary processes (Warren et al. 2015) and could also represent a relevant system to study environmental DNA (eDNA). Isolated island reefs that are affected by climatic threats would particularly benefit from cost- and time-efficient biodiversity surveys to set priorities for their conservation. Among time efficiency methods, eDNA has emerged as a novel molecular metabarcoding technique to detect biodiversity from simple environmental samples even in remote marine environments. However, eDNA monitoring techniques for marine environments are at a developmental phase, with a few remaining unknowns related to DNA residence time and movement. In particular, the redistribution of eDNA, via ocean currents, could blur the composition signal and its association with local environmental conditions (Goldberg et al. 2016). Here, we investigated the detection variation of eDNA along a distance gradient across four islands in the French Scattered Islands. We collected 30 L of surface water per filter at an increasing distance from the islands reefs (0m, 250m, 500m, 750m). Using a metabarcoding protocol, we used the teleo primers to target a fraction of 12S mitochondrial DNA to detect Actinopterygii and Elasmobranchii. We then applied a sequence clustering approach to generate Molecular Taxonomic Units (MOTUs), which were assigned to a taxonomic group using a reference database. By assigning eDNA sequences to species using a public reference database, we classified species according to their preferred habitat types between benthic/demersal and pelagic. Our results show no significant relationship between distance and MOTUs richness for both habitat types. By using a Joint Species Distribution Modelling approach (JSDM, Hierarchical Modelling of Species Communities), we retained the multidimensional information captured by eDNA and detect species- and family-specific responses to distance (Fig. 1). We showed that benthic MOTUs were found in closer proximity to the reef, while typical pelagic MOTUs were found at greater distances from the reef. Hence, MOTU-level analyses coupled with JSDM were more informative that when aggregating it into coarser richness. Altogether, our eDNA distance sampling gradient detected an ecological signal of habitat selection by fish species, which suggest that eDNA could help understand the behavior of species and their distribution in marine environments at a fine spatial scale.

scholarly journals DIVERSITY OF SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES (BLATTODEA: TERMITOIDEA) ON VARIOUS TYPES HABITAT AROUND IPB UNIVERSITY CAMPUS, BOGOR, INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Nadzirum Mubin ◽  
Idham Sakti Harahap ◽  
Giyanto .,
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Subterranean Termites ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Multidimensional Scaling Analysis ◽  
Termite Species ◽  
Diverse Habitat

Termites are social insects that play an important role in ecosystem. Habitat is a crucial factors determining diversity of termites. IPB University campus has quite diverse habitat types. In this research, we study the diversity and abundance of termite species around IPB University campus. Two methods used for data collection, i.e. baiting system with pine wood and transect survey within 10 x 10 m area. Six species of termites found belongs to two families, Termitidae (Macrotermes gilvus, Odontotermes javanicus, Microtermes insperatus, and Capritermes mohri) and Rhinotermitidae (Schedorhinotermes javanicus and Coptotermes curvignathus). The most diverse with the high abundance of these termites are found in the  rubber trees area, Faculty of Fisheries (FPI) and the forest behind the main administration building, Rectorate (REK) because this area provides an abundant source of cellulose as a food source for termites. While the building areas tend to have a lower diversity and abundance index because food sources for termites are not always available due to human activities. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis shows that the termites species composition is different between study area.

scholarly journals Bat diversity in two lowland forests of Brunei Darussalam

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huwaida Hj Masmin ◽  
Kahtleen Collier ◽  
Pallavi Sirajuddin ◽  
Ulmar Grafe
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Brunei Darussalam ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Lowland Forests ◽  
Abundance And Distribution ◽  
Bat Diversity ◽  
Diverse Habitat

The forests of Brunei Darussalam harbour rich bat assemblages. In this study we update current knowledge of the abundance and distribution of bats in Brunei by comparing bat diversity between two lowland forest sites: Temburong and Tasek Merimbun. We recorded 27 bat species with three new locality records for each of the two sites surveyed. Temburong had higher bat diversity than Merimbun, suggesting that it has more diverse habitat types. This study highlights the need for further bat surveys as full inventories of bat communities have not yet been reached and little is known about the ecology and conservation status of bat populations.

Dispersion and degradation of environmental DNA from caged fish in a marine environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Murakami ◽  
Seokjin Yoon ◽  
Akihide Kasai ◽  
Toshifumi Minamoto ◽  
Satoshi Yamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Environmental Dna

scholarly journals Correction to: Dispersion and degradation of environmental DNA from caged fish in a marine environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 1109-1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Murakami ◽  
Seokjin Yoon ◽  
Akihide Kasai ◽  
Toshifumi Minamoto ◽  
Satoshi Yamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Environmental Dna

Disentangling the role of shared ancestry and the environment on leaf stable isotopes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko J. Spasojevic ◽  
Sören Weber1
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Δ13c And Δ15n ◽  
Environmental Controls ◽  
Shared Ancestry

Stable carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) isotopes in plants are important indicators of plant water use efficiency and N acquisition strategies. While often regarded as being under environmental control, there is growing evidence that evolutionary history may also shape variation in stable isotope ratios (δ13C and δ15N) among plant species. Here we examined patterns of foliar δ13C and δ15N in alpine tundra for 59 species in 20 plant families. To assess the importance of environmental controls and evolutionary history, we examined if average δ13C and δ15N predictably differed among habitat types, if individual species exhibited intraspecific trait variation (ITV) in δ13C and δ15N, and if there were a significant phylogenetic signal in δ13C and δ15N. We found that variation among habitat types in both δ13C and δ15N mirrored well-known patterns of water and nitrogen limitation. Conversely, we also found that 40% of species exhibited no ITV in δ13C and 35% of species exhibited no ITV in δ15N, suggesting that some species are under stronger evolutionary control. However, we only found a modest signal of phylogenetic conservatism in δ13C and no phylogenetic signal in δ15N suggesting that shared ancestry is a weaker driver of tundra wide variation in stable isotopes. Together, our results suggest that both evolutionary history and local environmental conditions play a role in determining variation in δ13C and δ15N and that considering both factors can help with interpreting isotope patterns in nature and with predicting which species may be able to respond to rapidly changing environmental conditions.

Spatial assemblage structure of shallow-water reef fish in Southwest Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 649 ◽  
pp. 125-140
Author(s):  
DS Goldsworthy ◽  
BJ Saunders ◽  
JRC Parker ◽  
ES Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Reef Fish ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Reef Fishes ◽  
Reef Fish Assemblage ◽  
Reef Type ◽  
Present Distribution ◽  
Southwest Australia

Bioregional categorisation of the Australian marine environment is essential to conserve and manage entire ecosystems, including the biota and associated habitats. It is important that these regions are optimally positioned to effectively plan for the protection of distinct assemblages. Recent climatic variation and changes to the marine environment in Southwest Australia (SWA) have resulted in shifts in species ranges and changes to the composition of marine assemblages. The goal of this study was to determine if the current bioregionalisation of SWA accurately represents the present distribution of shallow-water reef fishes across 2000 km of its subtropical and temperate coastline. Data was collected in 2015 using diver-operated underwater stereo-video surveys from 7 regions between Port Gregory (north of Geraldton) to the east of Esperance. This study indicated that (1) the shallow-water reef fish of SWA formed 4 distinct assemblages along the coast: one Midwestern, one Central and 2 Southern Assemblages; (2) differences between these fish assemblages were primarily driven by sea surface temperature, Ecklonia radiata cover, non-E. radiata (canopy) cover, understorey algae cover, reef type and reef height; and (3) each of the 4 assemblages were characterised by a high number of short-range Australian and Western Australian endemic species. The findings from this study suggest that 4, rather than the existing 3 bioregions would more effectively capture the shallow-water reef fish assemblage patterns, with boundaries having shifted southwards likely associated with ocean warming.

PERAN DESIGNATED PERSON ASHORE (DPA) DALAM PENGOPERASIAN KAPAL YANG AMAN SESUAI KETENTUAN NASIONAL DAN INTERNASIONAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suganjar Suganjar ◽  
Renny Hermawati
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
International Regulation ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
Shipping Company ◽  
Environmental Protection Policy ◽  
Human Injury

<p><em>Safety management in the shipping industry is based on an international regulation. It is International Safety Management Code (ISM-Code) which is a translation of SOLAS ‘74 Chapter IX. It stated that t</em><em>he objectives of the Code are to ensure safety at sea, prevention of human injury or loss of life, and avoidance of damage to the environment, in particular, to the marine environment, and to property.it is also</em><em> requires commitment from top management to implementation on both company and on board. The implementation of the ISM-Code is expected to make the ship’s safety is more secure. The ISM-Code fulfillment refers to 16 elements, there are; General; Safety and Environmental Protection Policy; Company Responsibility and Authority; Designated Person(s); Master Responsibility and Authority; Resources and Personnel; Shipboard Operation; Emergency Preparedness; Report and Analysis of Non-conformities, Accidents and Hazardous Occurrences; Maintenance of the Ship and Equipment; Documentation; Company Verification, Review, and Evaluation;  Certification and Periodical Verification; Interim Certification; Verification; Forms of Certificate. The responsibility and authority of Designated Person Ashore / DPA in a shipping company is regulated in the ISM-Code. So, it is expected that DPA can carry out its role well, than can minimize the level of accidents in each vessels owned/operated by each shipping company.</em></p><p><em></em><strong><em>Keywords :</em></strong><em> ISM Code,</em><em> </em><em>Safety management, </em><em>Designated Person Ashore</em></p><p> </p><p> </p><p>Manajemen keselamatan di bidang pelayaran saat ini diimplementasikan dalam suatu peraturan internasional yaitu <em>International Safety Management Code</em> (<em>ISM-Code</em>) yang merupakan penjabaran dari <em>SOLAS 74 Chapter IX</em>-<em>Management for the safe operation of ships</em>. Tujuan dari <em>ISM-Code</em> <em>“The objectives of the Code are to ensure safety at sea, prevention of human injury or loss of life, and avoidance of damage to the environment, in particular, to the marine environment, and to property”</em> dan  <em>ISM-Code</em> menghendaki adanya komitmen dari manajemen tingkat puncak sampai pelaksanaan, baik di darat maupun di kapal.  Pemberlakuan <em>ISM-Code</em> tersebut diharapkan akan membuat keselamatan kapal menjadi lebih terjamin. Pemenuhan <em>ISM-Code</em> mengacu kepada 16 elemen yang terdiri dari ; umum; kebijakan keselamatan  dan perlindungan lingkungan; tanggung jawab dan wewenang perusahaan; petugas yang ditunjuk didarat; tanggung jawab dan wewenang nahkoda; sumber daya dan personil; pengopersian kapal; kesiapan menghadapi keadaan darurat; pelaporan dan analisis ketidaksesuaian, kecelakaan dan kejadian berbahaya; pemeliharaan kapal dan perlengkapan;  Dokumentasi; verifikasi, tinjauan ulang, dan evaluasi oleh perusahaan; sertifikasi dan verifikasi berkala; sertifikasi sementara; verifikasi; bentuk sertifikat. Tugas dan tanggungjawab <em>Designated Person Ashore/DPA </em>didalam suatu perusahaan pelayaran<em>, </em>telah diatur di dalam <em>ISM-Code.</em>  Sehingga diharapkan agar DPA dapat melaksanakan peranannya dengan baik, sehingga dapat menekan tingkat kecelakaan di setiap armada kapal yang dimiliki oleh setiap perusahaan pelayaran.</p><p class="Style1"><strong>Kata kunci</strong> : <em>ISM Code</em>, Manajemen keselamatan, <em>Designated Person Ashore</em></p>

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