scholarly journals Differential impacts of alternate primary producers on carbon cycling

Ecology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khashiff K. Miranda ◽  
Brooke L. Weigel ◽  
Sophie J. McCoy ◽  
Catherine A. Pfister
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycling ◽  
Primary Producers

scholarly journals Genome-informed microscopy reveals infections of uncultivated carbon-fixing archaea by lytic viruses in Earth’s crust

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janina Rahlff ◽  
Victoria Turzynski ◽  
Sarah P. Esser ◽  
Indra Monsees ◽  
Till L.V. Bornemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Carbon Cycling ◽  
Viral Genome ◽  
Cell Lysis ◽  
Major Portion ◽  
Primary Producers ◽  
Deep Subsurface ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Genomic Relatedness ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACTThe continental subsurface houses a major portion of life’s abundance and diversity, yet little is known about viruses infecting microbes that reside there. Here, we used a combination of metagenomics and genome-informed microscopy to show that highly abundant carbon-fixing organisms of the uncultivated genus Candidatus Altiarchaeum are frequent targets of previously unrecognized viruses in the deep subsurface. Analysis of CRISPR spacer matches displayed resistances of Ca. Altiarchaea against eight predicted viral clades, which showed genomic relatedness across continents but little similarity to previously identified viruses. Based on metagenomic information, we tagged and imaged a putatively viral genome rich in protospacers using fluorescence microscopy. Virus-targeted genomeFISH revealed a lytic lifestyle of the respective virus and challenges previous predictions that lysogeny prevails as the dominant viral lifestyle in the subsurface. CRISPR development over time and imaging of 18 samples from one subsurface ecosystem suggest a sophisticated interplay of viral diversification and adapting CRISPR-mediated resistances of Ca. Altiarchaeum. We conclude that infections of primary producers with lytic viruses followed by cell lysis potentially jump-start heterotrophic carbon cycling in these subsurface ecosystems.

scholarly journals Lytic archaeal viruses infect abundant primary producers in Earth’s crust

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janina Rahlff ◽  
Victoria Turzynski ◽  
Sarah P. Esser ◽  
Indra Monsees ◽  
Till L. V. Bornemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Carbon Cycling ◽  
Viral Genome ◽  
Major Portion ◽  
Primary Producers ◽  
Deep Subsurface ◽  
Archaeal Viruses ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Genomic Relatedness ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThe continental subsurface houses a major portion of life’s abundance and diversity, yet little is known about viruses infecting microbes that reside there. Here, we use a combination of metagenomics and virus-targeted direct-geneFISH (virusFISH) to show that highly abundant carbon-fixing organisms of the uncultivated genus Candidatus Altiarchaeum are frequent targets of previously unrecognized viruses in the deep subsurface. Analysis of CRISPR spacer matches display resistances of Ca. Altiarchaea against eight predicted viral clades, which show genomic relatedness across continents but little similarity to previously identified viruses. Based on metagenomic information, we tag and image a putatively viral genome rich in protospacers using fluorescence microscopy. VirusFISH reveals a lytic lifestyle of the respective virus and challenges previous predictions that lysogeny prevails as the dominant viral lifestyle in the subsurface. CRISPR development over time and imaging of 18 samples from one subsurface ecosystem suggest a sophisticated interplay of viral diversification and adapting CRISPR-mediated resistances of Ca. Altiarchaeum. We conclude that infections of primary producers with lytic viruses followed by cell lysis potentially jump-start heterotrophic carbon cycling in these subsurface ecosystems.

TRANSFER EFFICIENCY FROM PRIMARY PRODUCERS TO RUDITAPES PHILIPPINARUM ON AN INTERTIDAL FLAT IN HIROSHIMA BAY, JAPAN

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sosuke Otani ◽  
Sosuke Otani ◽  
Akira Umehara ◽  
Akira Umehara ◽  
Haruka Miyagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Secondary Production ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
Ruditapes Philippinarum ◽  
Transfer Efficiency ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Stable Isotope Ratios ◽  
Primary Producers ◽  
Nitrogen Stable Isotope ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen

Fish yields of Ruditapes philippinarum have been decreased and the resources have not yet recovered. It needs to clarify food sources of R. philippinarum, and relationship between primary and secondary production of it. The purpose on this study is to reveal transfer efficiency from primary producers to R. philippinarum and food sources of R. philippinarum. The field investigation was carried out to quantify biomass of R. philippinarum and primary producers on intertidal sand flat at Zigozen beach in Hiroshima Bay, Japan. In particular, photosynthetic rates of primary producers such as Zostera marina, Ulva sp. and microphytobenthos were determined in laboratory experiments. The carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios for R. philippinarum and 8 potential food sources (microphytobenthos, MPOM etc) growing in the tidal flat were also measured. In summer 2015, the primary productions of Z. marina, Ulva sp. and microphytobenthos were estimated to be 70.4 kgC/day, 43.4 kgC/day and 2.2 kgC/day, respectively. Secondary production of R. philippinarum was 0.4 kgC/day. Contribution of microphytobenthos to R. philippinarum as food source was 56-76% on the basis of those carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios. Transfer efficiency from microphytobenthos to R. philippinarum was estimated to be 10-14%. It was suggested that microphytobenthos might sustain the high secondary production of R. philippinarum, though the primary production of microphytobenthos was about 1/10 compared to other algae.

Advance in Research of Forest Carbon Cycling Under Climate Warming*

2010 ◽  
Vol 2009 (6) ◽  
pp. 888-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunyan WEI ◽  
Huajun YIN ◽  
Qing LIU ◽  
Yunxiang LI
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycling ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Forest Carbon
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