scholarly journals Eco‐evolutionary dynamics of range expansion

Ecology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom E. X. Miller ◽  
Amy L. Angert ◽  
Carissa D. Brown ◽  
Julie A. Lee‐Yaw ◽  
Mark Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Range Expansion ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics

Demography-Dispersal Trait Correlations Modify the Eco-Evolutionary Dynamics of Range Expansion

2020 ◽  
Vol 195 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad M. Ochocki ◽  
Julia B. Saltz ◽  
Tom E. X. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Range Expansion ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Trait Correlations

scholarly journals Evolution of populations expanding on curved surfaces

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Beller ◽  
Kim M. J. Alards ◽  
Francesca Tesser ◽  
Ricardo A. Mosna ◽  
Federico Toschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Range Expansion ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Flat Surface ◽  
Analytical Description ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Curved Surfaces ◽  
Complex Environments ◽  
Neutral Genetic Diversity ◽  
Expanding Population ◽  
Dynamics Of Populations

AbstractThe expansion of a population into new habitat is a transient process that leaves its footprints in the genetic composition of the expanding population. How the structure: of the environment shapes the population front and the evolutionary dynamics during such a range expansion is little understood. Here, we investigate the evolutionary dynamics of populations consisting of many selectively neutral genotypes expanding on curved surfaces. Using a combination of individual-based off-lattice simulations, geometrical arguments, and lattice-based stepping-stone simulations, we characterise the effect of individual bumps on an otherwise flat surface. Compared to the case of a range expansion on a flat surface:, we observe a transient relative increase, followed by a decrease, in neutral genetic diversity at the population front. Ill addition, we find that individuals at the sides of the bump have a dramatically increased expected number of descendants, while their neighbours closer to the bump’s centre are far less lucky. Both observations can be explained using an analytical description of straight paths (geodesics) on the curved surface, Complementing previous studies of heterogeneous flat environments, the findings here build our understanding of how complex environments shape the evolutionary dynamics of expanding populations.

Population Dynamics

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Hendry
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Range Expansion ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Contemporary Evolution ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Individual Fitness ◽  
The Difference

This chapter evaluates various methods for inferring how phenotypes/genotypes influence population dynamics, including extensions of the year-by-year tracking approach used in analyzing the eco-to-evo side of eco-evolutionary dynamics. It provides a detailed outline of the various possibilities, including complexities that move beyond population dynamics. The chapter examines how maladaptation resulting from environmental change might decrease individual fitness and contribute to population declines, range contractions, and extirpations. It considers the extent to which contemporary evolution helps to recover individual fitness and population size, which might then make the difference between persistence versus extirpation and range expansion versus contraction. A final analysis asks how phenotypic variation within populations and species influences population dynamics.

scholarly journals Spatial selection and local adaptation jointly shape life-history evolution during range expansion

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrien Van Petegem ◽  
Jeroen Boeye ◽  
Robby Stoks ◽  
Dries Bonte
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Range Expansion ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Life History Evolution ◽  
Range Shifts ◽  
Evolutionary Processes ◽  
Spatial Selection ◽  
History Evolution

In the context of climate change and species invasions, range shifts increasingly gain attention because the rates at which they occur in the Anthropocene induce fast shifts in biological assemblages. During such range shifts, species experience multiple selection pressures. Especially for poleward expansions, a straightforward interpretation of the observed evolutionary dynamics is hampered because of the joint action of evolutionary processes related to spatial selection and to adaptation towards local climatic conditions. To disentangle the effects of these two processes, we integrated stochastic modeling and empirical approaches, using the spider mite Tetranychus urticae as a model species. We demonstrate considerable latitudinal quantitative genetic divergence in life-history traits in T. urticae, that was shaped by both spatial selection and local adaptation. The former mainly affected dispersal behavior, while development was mainly shaped by adaptation to the local climate. Divergence in life-history traits in species shifting their range poleward can consequently be jointly determined by fast local adaptation to the environmental gradient and contemporary evolutionary dynamics resulting from spatial selection. The integration of modeling with common garden experiments provides a powerful tool to study the contribution of these two evolutionary processes on life-history evolution during range expansion.

scholarly journals Range expansion shifts clonal interference patterns in evolving populations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikhil Krishnan ◽  
Jacob G. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Range Expansion ◽  
Drug Response ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Structured Populations ◽  
Population Heterogeneity ◽  
Length Scales ◽  
Spatially Structured Populations

ABSTRACTIncreasingly, predicting and even controlling evolutionary processes is a sought after goal in fields ranging from agriculture, artificial intelligence, astrobiology, oncology, and infectious diseases. However, our ability to predict evolution and plan such interventions in real populations is limited in part by our understanding of how spatial structure modulates evolutionary dynamics. Among current clinical assays applied to predict drug response in infectious diseases, for instance, many do not explicitly consider spatial structure and its influence on phenotypic heterogeneity, despite it being an inextricable characteristic of real populations. As spatially structured populations are subject to increased interference of beneficial mutants compared to their well-mixed counter-parts, among other effects, this population heterogeneity and structure may non-trivially impact drug response. In spatially-structured populations, the extent of this mutant interference is density dependent and thus varies with relative position within a meta-population in a manner modulated by mutant frequency, selection strength, migration speed, and habitat length, among other factors. In this study, we examine beneficial mutant fixation dynamics along the front of an asexual population expanding its range. We observe that multiple distinct evolutionary regimes of beneficial mutant origin-fixation dynamics are maintained at characteristic length scales along the front of the population expansion. Using an agent-based simulation of range expansion with mutation and selection in one dimension, we measure these length scales across a range of population sizes, selection strengths, and mutation rates. Furthermore, using simple scaling arguments to adapt theory from well-mixed populations, we find that the length scale at the tip of the front within which ‘local’ mutant fixation occurs in a successive mode decreases with increasing mutation rate, as well as population size in a manner predicted by our derived analytic expression. Finally, we discuss the relevance of our findings to real cellular populations, arguing that this conserved region of successive mutant fixation dynamics at the wave tip can be exploited by emerging evolutionary control strategies.

scholarly journals Species’ range dynamics affect the evolution of spatial variation in plasticity under environmental change

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Schmid ◽  
Ramon Dallo ◽  
Frédéric Guillaume
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Range Expansion ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Species Range ◽  
Range Shifts ◽  
Environmental Tolerance ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
Range Dynamics

AbstractWhile clines in environmental tolerance and phenotypic plasticity along a single species’ range are widespread and of special interest in the context of adaptation to environmental changes, we know little about their evolution. Recent empirical findings in ectotherms suggest that processes underlying dynamic species’ ranges can give rise to spatial differences in environmental tolerance and phenotypic plasticity within species. We used individual-based simulations to investigate how plasticity and tolerance evolve in the course of three scenarios of species’ range shifts and range expansions on environmental gradients. We found that regions of a species’ range which experienced a longer history or larger extent of environmental change generally exhibited increased plasticity or tolerance. Such regions may be at the trailing edge when a species is tracking its ecological niche in space (e.g., in a climate change scenario) or at the front edge when a species expands into a new habitat (e.g., in an expansion/invasion scenario). Elevated tolerance and plasticity in the distribution center was detected when asymmetric environmental change (e.g., polar amplification) led to a range expansion. Greater gene flow across the range had a dual effect on plasticity and tolerance clines, with an amplifying effect in niche expansion scenarios (allowing for faster colonization into novel environments), but with a dampening effect in range shift scenarios (favoring spatial translocation of adapted genotypes). However, tolerance and plasticity clines were transient and slowly flattened out after range dynamics because of genetic assimilation. In general, our approach allowed us to investigate the evolution of environmental tolerance and phenotypic plasticity under transient evolutionary dynamics in non-equilibrium situations, which contributes to a better understanding of observed patterns and of how species may respond to future environmental changes.Impact SummaryIn a variable and changing environment, the ability of a species to cope with a range of selection pressures and a multitude of environmental conditions is critical, both for its’ spatial distribution and its’ long-term persistence. Striking examples of spatial differences in environmental tolerance have been found within species, when single populations differed from each other in their environmental optimum and tolerance breadth, a characteristic that might strongly modify a species’ response to future environmental change. However, we still know little about the evolutionary processes causing these tolerance differences between populations, especially when the differences result from transient evolutionary dynamics in non-equilibrium situations. We demonstrate with individual-based simulations, how spatial differences in environmental tolerance and phenotypic plasticity evolved across a species’ range during three scenarios of range shifts and range expansion. Range dynamics were either driven by environmental change or by the expansion of the ecological niche. The outcome strongly differed between scenarios as tolerance and plasticity were maximized either at the leading edge, at the trailing edge, or in the middle of the species’ range. Spatial tolerance variation resulted from colonization chronologies and histories of environmental change that varied along the range. Subsequent to the range dynamics, the tolerance and plasticity clines slowly leveled out again as result of genetic assimilation such that the described responses are long-lasting, but in the end temporary. These findings help us better understand species’ evolutionary responses during range shifts and range expansion, especially when facing environmental change.

scholarly journals RangeShifter 2.0: An extended and enhanced platform for modelling spatial eco-evolutionary dynamics and species’ responses to environmental changes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greta Bocedi ◽  
Stephen C. F. Palmer ◽  
Anne-Kathleen Malchow ◽  
Damaris Zurell ◽  
Kevin Watts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Range Expansion ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
List Type ◽  
Computationally Efficient ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Genetic Modelling ◽  
Movement Rules ◽  
Process Based Models

AbstractProcess-based models are becoming increasingly used tools for understanding how species are likely to respond to environmental changes and to potential management options. RangeShifter is one such modelling platform, which has been used to address a range of questions including identifying effective reintroduction strategies, understanding patterns of range expansion and assessing population viability of species across complex landscapes.Here we introduce a new version, RangeShifter 2.0, which incorporates important new functionality. It is now possible to simulate dynamics over user-specified, temporally changing landscapes. Additionally, the genetic and evolutionary capabilities have been strengthened, notably by introducing an explicit genetic modelling architecture, which allows for simulation of neutral and adaptive genetic processes. Furthermore, emigration, transfer and settlement rules can now all evolve, allowing for sophisticated simulation of the evolution of dispersal. We illustrate the potential application of RangeShifter 2.0’s new functionality by two examples. The first illustrates the range expansion of a virtual species across a dynamically changing UK landscape. The second demonstrates how the software can be used to explore the concept of evolving connectivity in response to land-use modification, by examining how movement rules come under selection over landscapes of different structure and composition.RangeShifter 2.0 is built using object-oriented C++ providing computationally efficient simulation of complex individual-based, eco-evolutionary models. The code has been redeveloped to enable use across operating systems, including on high performance computing clusters, and the Windows GUI has been enhanced. Furthermore, the recoding of the package has supported the development of a new version running under the R platform, RangeShiftR.RangeShifter 2.0 will facilitate the development of in-silico assessments of how species will respond to environmental changes and to potential management options for conserving or controlling them. By making the code available open source, we hope to inspire further collaborations and extensions by the ecological community.

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