scholarly journals Climate change influences mycorrhizal fungal–plant interactions, but conclusions are limited by geographical study bias

Ecology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison E. Bennett ◽  
Aimée T. Classen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Geographical Study ◽  
Study Bias

Averting robo-bees: why free-flying robotic bees are a bad idea

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 723-729
Author(s):  
Roslyn Gleadow ◽  
Jim Hanan ◽  
Alan Dorin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Food Security ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Plant Insect Interactions ◽  
Native Habitat ◽  
Insect Pollinators ◽  
Insect Interactions

Food security and the sustainability of native ecosystems depends on plant-insect interactions in countless ways. Recently reported rapid and immense declines in insect numbers due to climate change, the use of pesticides and herbicides, the introduction of agricultural monocultures, and the destruction of insect native habitat, are all potential contributors to this grave situation. Some researchers are working towards a future where natural insect pollinators might be replaced with free-flying robotic bees, an ecologically problematic proposal. We argue instead that creating environments that are friendly to bees and exploring the use of other species for pollination and bio-control, particularly in non-European countries, are more ecologically sound approaches. The computer simulation of insect-plant interactions is a far more measured application of technology that may assist in managing, or averting, ‘Insect Armageddon' from both practical and ethical viewpoints.

Soil-plant interactions for agricultural sustainability under challenging climate change

2022 ◽  
pp. 123-134
Author(s):  
Abdur Rehim ◽  
Muhammad Amjad Bashir ◽  
Sami Ul-Allah ◽  
Muhammad Ijaz ◽  
Ahmad Sher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Agricultural Sustainability ◽  
Plant Interactions

scholarly journals Biotic rescaling reveals importance of species interactions for variation in biodiversity responses to climate change

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (37) ◽  
pp. 22858-22865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vigdis Vandvik ◽  
Olav Skarpaas ◽  
Kari Klanderud ◽  
Richard J. Telford ◽  
Aud H. Halbritter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Climate Gradients ◽  
Climate Change Responses ◽  
Local Extinctions ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Underlying Processes

Generality in understanding biodiversity responses to climate change has been hampered by substantial variation in the rates and even directions of response to a given change in climate. We propose that such context dependencies can be clarified by rescaling climate gradients in terms of the underlying biological processes, with biotic interactions as a particularly important process. We tested this rescaling approach in a replicated field experiment where entire montane grassland communities were transplanted in the direction of expected temperature and/or precipitation change. In line with earlier work, we found considerable variation across sites in community dynamics in response to climate change. However, these complex context dependencies could be substantially reduced or eliminated by rescaling climate drivers in terms of proxies of plant−plant interactions. Specifically, bryophytes limited colonization by new species into local communities, whereas the cover of those colonists, along with bryophytes, were the primary drivers of local extinctions. These specific interactions are relatively understudied, suggesting important directions for future work in similar systems. More generally, the success of our approach in explaining and simplifying landscape-level variation in climate change responses suggests that developing and testing proxies for relevant underlying processes could be a fruitful direction for building more general models of biodiversity response to climate change.

Teaching Authentic Soil & Plant Science in Middle School Classrooms with a Biochar Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 256-268
Author(s):  
Yamina Pressler ◽  
Mary Hunter-Laszlo ◽  
Sarah Bucko ◽  
Beth A. Covitt ◽  
Sarah Urban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Middle School ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
Promote Plant Growth ◽  
Rich Material ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change

We designed two NGSS-aligned middle school classroom experiments to investigate the effects of biochar on plant growth and soil respiration. Biochar is a carbon-rich material, produced by heating organic matter under limited oxygen, that is added to soils to improve fertility, to promote plant growth, and as one possible strategy to help mitigate climate change. The experiments offer an ideal case study for students learning fundamentals of soil and plant interactions. Soils and biochar are accessible, are connected to global issues such as agriculture and climate change, and are the focus of ongoing research in soil science. These classroom experiments promote authentic science because students design replicated experiments, collect and analyze data, discuss variability in the data, and interpret their results in the context of recent research.

scholarly journals Direct and indirect effects of climate change on soil microbial and soil microbial-plant interactions: What lies ahead?

Ecosphere ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. art130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aimée T. Classen ◽  
Maja K. Sundqvist ◽  
Jeremiah A. Henning ◽  
Gregory S. Newman ◽  
Jessica A. M. Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Soil Microbial

scholarly journals Phenological asynchrony between herbivorous insects and their hosts: signal of climate change or pre-existing adaptive strategy?

2010 ◽  
Vol 365 (1555) ◽  
pp. 3161-3176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Singer ◽  
Camille Parmesan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Adaptive Strategy ◽  
Range Shift ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Operophtera Brumata ◽  
Winter Moth ◽  
Phenological Mismatch ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Evolution Of Life

Climate change alters phenological relations between interacting species. We might expect the historical baseline, or starting-point, for such effects to be precise synchrony between the season at which a consumer most requires food and the time when its resources are most available. We synthesize evidence that synchrony was not the historical condition in two insect–plant interactions involving Edith's checkerspot butterfly ( Euphydryas editha ), the winter moth ( Operophtera brumata ) and their host plants. Initial observations of phenological mismatch in both systems were made prior to the onset of anthropogenically driven climate change. Neither species can detect the phenology of its host plants with precision. In both species, evolution of life history has involved compromise between maximizing fecundity and minimizing mortality, with the outcome being superficially maladaptive strategies in which many, or even most, individuals die of starvation through poor synchrony with their host plants. Where phenological asynchrony or mismatch with resources forms the starting point for effects of anthropogenic global warming, consumers are particularly vulnerable to impacts that exacerbate the mismatch. This vulnerability likely contributed to extinction of a well-studied metapopulation of Edith's checkerspot, and to the skewed geographical pattern of population extinctions underlying a northward and upward range shift in this species.

scholarly journals İklim Değişikliğinin Bitki-Faydalı Mikroorganizma Etkileşimleri Üzerindeki Etkileri

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (sp) ◽  
pp. 2594-2603
Author(s):  
Kubilay Kurtulus Bastas
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Beneficial Microorganisms ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Global climate is estimated to change drastically over the next century and the ecosystems will be affected in this changing environment. Plant-associated beneficial microorganisms can stimulate plant growth and increase resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Nowadays, the effects of climate change factors such as increased carbon dioxide (CO2), drought and warming on plant-beneficial microorganism interactions are increasingly being investigated in the scope of plant growth and health. Recent studies have shown that high CO2 level has a positive effect on the abundance of mycorrhizal fungi, whereas the effects on plant growth promoting bacteria and endophytic fungi are more variable. Elevated CO2 conditions lead to increased colonization of beneficial fungi. Additionally, the results of increasing CO2 levels, warming and drought, depend upon the plant and the microbial genotype. Also, plant growth promoting microorganisms, especially bacteria, positively affect plants exposed to drought stress. Altered communities of beneficial microorganisms depending on climate changes, might have to compete with different microbial communities and, therefore microbial activities may also get affected. This work presents that climate change is an important factor affecting microorganism and plant interactions, needs to take into consideration the adaptation processes in plants and microorganisms and might require the selection of adapted plant cultivars.

scholarly journals Changes in species composition in alpine snowbeds with climate change inferred from small-scale spatial patterns

Web Ecology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Schöb ◽  
P. M. Kammer ◽  
Z. Kikvidze ◽  
P. Choler ◽  
H. Veit
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Swiss Alps ◽  
Alpine Grassland ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Grassland Species ◽  
Invading Species ◽  
Salix Herbacea ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Microhabitat Preferences

Abstract. Alpine snowbeds are characterised by a very short growing season. However, the length of the snow-free period is increasingly prolonged due to climate change, so that snowbeds become susceptible to invasions from neighbouring alpine meadow communities. We hypothesised that spatial distribution of species generated by plant interactions may indicate whether snowbed species will coexist with or will be out-competed by invading alpine species – spatial aggregation or segregation will point to coexistence or competitive exclusion, respectively. We tested this hypothesis in snowbeds of the Swiss Alps using the variance ratio statistics. We focused on the relationships between dominant snowbed species, subordinate snowbed species, and potentially invading alpine grassland species. Subordinate snowbed species were generally spatially aggregated with each other, but were segregated from alpine grassland species. Competition between alpine grassland and subordinate snowbed species may have caused this segregation. Segregation between these species groups increased with earlier snowmelt, suggesting an increasing importance of competition with climate change. Further, a dominant snowbed species (Alchemilla pentaphyllea) was spatially aggregated with subordinate snowbed species, while two other dominants (Gnaphalium supinum and Salix herbacea) showed aggregated patterns with alpine grassland species. These dominant species are known to show distinct microhabitat preferences suggesting the existence of hidden microhabitats with different susceptibility to invaders. These results allow us to suggest that alpine snowbed areas are likely to be reduced as a consequence of climate change and that invading species from nearby alpine grasslands could outcompete subordinate snowbed species. On the other hand, microhabitats dominated by Gnaphalium or Salix seem to be particularly prone to invasions by non-snowbed species.

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