scholarly journals Analyzing snapshot diversity patterns with the Neutral Theory can show functional groups’ effects on community assembly

Ecology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabien Laroche ◽  
Cyrille Violle ◽  
Adrien Taudière ◽  
François Munoz
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Community Assembly ◽  
Neutral Theory ◽  
Diversity Patterns

An Entangled Bank

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc W. Cadotte ◽  
T. Jonathan Davies
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Community Assembly ◽  
Charles Darwin ◽  
Neutral Theory ◽  
Species Distributions ◽  
Ecological Interactions ◽  
Carl Linnaeus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Neutral Theory Of Biodiversity ◽  
Diversity Of Life

This chapter reviews the history of the use of phylogenetics in ecology, beginning with a discussion of early attempts to classify the diversity of life and the development of evolutionary theory. In particular, it examines how early taxonomists, starting with Carl Linnaeus, have grouped species by similarity in their traits and how early ecologists and biologists such as Charles Darwin recognized the importance of relatedness in influencing ecological interactions and species distributions. The chapter proceeds by focusing on the introduction of the neutral theory of biodiversity into mainstream ecology and the development of the niche-based model of community assembly. It also considers how some ecologists questioned the relevance of phylogenetic corrections for ecology and concludes by analyzing the emergence of ecological phylogenetics or ecophylogenetics.

scholarly journals Global gradients in intertidal species richness and functional groups

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob Thyrring ◽  
Lloyd S Peck
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Rocky Intertidal ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Diversity Patterns ◽  
The North ◽  
Discernible Effect ◽  
Diversity Gradients ◽  
Α Diversity

Whether global latitudinal diversity gradients exist in rocky intertidal a-diversity and across functional groups remains unknown. Using literature data from 433 intertidal sites, we investigated α-diversity patterns across 155° of latitude, and whether local-scale or global-scale structuring processes control α-diversity. We, furthermore, investigated how the relative composition of functional groups changes with latitude. α-diversity differed among hemispheres with a mid-latitudinal peak in the north, and a non-significant unimodal pattern in the south, but there was no support for a tropical-to-polar decrease in α-diversity. Although global-scale drivers had no discernible effect, the local-scale drivers significantly affected α-diversity, and our results reveal that latitudinal diversity gradients are outweighed by local-processes. In contrast to α-diversity patterns, three functional groups: predators, grazers and suspension-feeders diversity declined with latitude, coinciding with an inverse gradient in algae. Polar and tropical intertidal data were sparse, and more sampling is required to improve knowledge of marine biodiversity.

scholarly journals Community assembly, diversity patterns and distributions of broad-leaved forests in North China

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 732-741
Author(s):  
XU Jin-Shi ◽  
CHAI Yong-Fu ◽  
LIU Xiao ◽  
YUE Ming ◽  
GUO Yao-Xin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Assembly ◽  
North China ◽  
Diversity Patterns

Fine-scale diversity patterns in belowground microbial communities are consistent across kingdoms

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Bjørnsgaard Aas ◽  
Carrie J Andrew ◽  
Rakel Blaalid ◽  
Unni Vik ◽  
Håvard Kauserud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Community Assembly ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Diversity Patterns ◽  
Bistorta Vivipara ◽  
Adjacent Soil ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

ABSTRACT The belowground environment is heterogeneous and complex at fine spatial scales. Physical structures, biotic components and abiotic conditions create a patchwork mosaic of potential niches for microbes. Questions remain about mechanisms and patterns of community assembly belowground, including: Do fungal and bacterial communities assemble differently? How do microbes reach the roots of host plants? Within a 4 m2 plot in alpine vegetation, high throughput sequencing of the 16S (bacteria) and ITS1 (fungal) ribosomal RNA genes was used to characterise microbial community composition in roots and adjacent soil of a viviparous host plant (Bistorta vivipara). At fine spatial scales, beta-diversity patterns in belowground bacterial and fungal communities were consistent, although compositional change was greater in bacteria than fungi. Spatial structure and distance-decay relationships were also similar for bacteria and fungi, with significant spatial structure detected at <50 cm among root- but not soil-associated microbes. Recruitment of root microbes from the soil community appeared limited at this sampling and sequencing depth. Possible explanations for this include recruitment from low-abundance populations of soil microbes, active recruitment from neighbouring plants and/or vertical transmission of symbionts to new clones, suggesting varied methods of microbial community assembly for viviparous plants. Our results suggest that even at relatively small spatial scales, deterministic processes play a significant role in belowground microbial community structure and assembly.

scholarly journals Identifying Sustainable Grassland Management Approaches in Response to the Invasive Legume Lespedeza cuneata: A Functional Group Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 5951
Author(s):  
Erin M. Garrett ◽  
David J. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Community Assembly ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Greenhouse Experiment ◽  
Driver Model ◽  
Lespedeza Cuneata ◽  
The Impact

We propose combining the filter framework model of community assembly with the passenger-driver model of non-native species behavior to help clarify the impacts of invasive species in the communities they invade and to guide sustainable management protocols. Observational field surveys and a greenhouse experiment explored the role of the invasive legume Lespedeza cuneata in the communities it invades and how natives in three functional groups—grasses, forbs, and legumes—respond to its presence. Within-site analyses from the field survey revealed differences in invaded and uninvaded areas in half of the sites, suggesting that site-specific characteristics influences whether L. cuneata’s presence corresponds to local differences in species composition. The greenhouse experiment found higher levels of saprophytic and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soil conditioned by L. cuneata than in unconditioned soil. However, competition between L. cuneata or the native congener L. capitata and nine native species illustrated stronger aboveground competitive effects than belowground soil effects due to soil conditioning, with impacts differing among functional groups. The response of L. cuneata was reduced in the presence of grasses and other legumes but not forbs. Assessing the impact of L. cuneata with the combined community assembly model revealed this invasive plant acts as a driver because it alters abiotic and biotic filters to impact species composition. Managing for high grass abundance and planting native legumes will help sustain grasslands from L. cuneata invasion.

The ecology of plants: from seed to seed

2019 ◽  
pp. 88-132
Author(s):  
Richard T. Corlett
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Community Assembly ◽  
Forest Succession ◽  
Neutral Theory ◽  
Niche Differentiation ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Reproductive Phenology ◽  
Plant Community Ecology ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Ground Herbs

This chapter deals with the ecology of Tropical East Asia from a plant perspective. The life cycle of forest trees is covered in detail, including their vegetative and reproductive phenology, pollination, seed dispersal, seed predation, and the seedling, sapling, and adult stages. Other life forms, including lianas, ground herbs, epiphytes, hemi-epiphytes, and parasites are considered in less detail. Recent advances in plant community ecology are discussed, including the mechanisms responsible for the maintenance of species diversity in tropical forests (niche differentiation, growth–survival trade-offs, conspecific negative density-dependent mortality, neutral theory), and the influence of functional traits and phylogeny on community assembly. Forest succession is discussed in a regional context.

scholarly journals Local community assembly mechanisms shape soil bacterial β diversity patterns along a latitudinal gradient

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Zhang ◽  
Shirong Liu ◽  
Jingxin Wang ◽  
Yongtao Huang ◽  
Zachary Freedman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Assembly ◽  
Latitudinal Gradient ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Diversity Patterns ◽  
Geographical Patterns ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Species Pools ◽  
Regional Species Pool ◽  
Soil Bacterial

Abstract Biodiversity patterns across geographical gradients could result from regional species pool and local community assembly mechanisms. However, little has been done to separate the effects of local ecological mechanisms from variation in the regional species pools on bacterial diversity patterns. In this study, we compare assembly mechanisms of soil bacterial communities in 660 plots from 11 regions along a latitudinal gradient in eastern China with highly divergent species pools. Our results show that β diversity does not co-vary with γ diversity, and local community assembly mechanisms appear to explain variation in β diversity patterns after correcting for variation in regional species pools. The variation in environmental conditions along the latitudinal gradient accounts for the variation in β diversity through mediating the strength of heterogeneous selection. In conclusion, our study clearly illustrates the importance of local community assembly processes in shaping geographical patterns of soil bacterial β diversity.

Human disturbance rather than habitat factors drives plant community assembly and diversity patterns in a semiarid region

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (14) ◽  
pp. 1803-1811
Author(s):  
Jinshi Xu ◽  
Han Dang ◽  
Tingting Tian ◽  
Shiqiang Liu ◽  
Yongfu Chai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Community ◽  
Community Assembly ◽  
Human Disturbance ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Diversity Patterns ◽  
Habitat Factors ◽  
Plant Community Assembly
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