Soil and stand structure explain shrub mortality patterns following global change–type drought and extreme precipitation

Ecology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel R. Renne ◽  
Daniel R. Schlaepfer ◽  
Kyle A. Palmquist ◽  
John B. Bradford ◽  
Ingrid C. Burke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Change Type

scholarly journals Phenotypic plasticity mediates climate change responses among invasive and indigenous arthropods

2007 ◽  
Vol 274 (1625) ◽  
pp. 2531-2537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven L Chown ◽  
Sarette Slabber ◽  
Melodie A McGeoch ◽  
Charlene Janion ◽  
Hans Petter Leinaas
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Global Change ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Human Welfare ◽  
Change Type ◽  
Climate Change Responses

Synergies between global change and biological invasion have been identified as a major potential threat to global biodiversity and human welfare. The global change-type drought characteristic of many temperate terrestrial ecosystems is especially significant because it will apparently favour invasive over indigenous species, adding to the burden of conservation and compromising ecosystem service delivery. However, the nature of and mechanisms underlying this synergy remain poorly explored. Here we show that in a temperate terrestrial ecosystem, invasive and indigenous springtail species differ in the form of their phenotypic plasticity such that warmer conditions promote survival of desiccation in the invasive species and reduce it in the indigenous ones. These differences are consistent with significant declines in the densities of indigenous species and little change in those of invasive species in a manipulative field experiment that mimicked climate change trends. We suggest that it is not so much the extent of phenotypic plasticity that distinguishes climate change responses among these invasive and indigenous species, as the form that this plasticity takes. Nonetheless, this differential physiological response provides support for the idea that in temperate terrestrial systems experiencing global change-type drought, invasive species may well be at an advantage relative to their indigenous counterparts.

scholarly journals Forest die-off following global-change-type drought alters rhizosphere fungal communities

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 095006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna J M Hopkins ◽  
Katinka X Ruthrof ◽  
Joseph B Fontaine ◽  
George Matusick ◽  
Shannon J Dundas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Change Type

scholarly journals Regional vegetation die-off in response to global-change-type drought

2005 ◽  
Vol 102 (42) ◽  
pp. 15144-15148 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. D. Breshears ◽  
N. S. Cobb ◽  
P. M. Rich ◽  
K. P. Price ◽  
C. D. Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Change Type

scholarly journals Potential of ecological modelling and smart-drainage development for mitigating adverse effects of future global change-type droughts for the Estonian forest sector

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-106
Author(s):  
Jan-Peter George ◽  
Mait Lang ◽  
Maris Hordo ◽  
Sandra Metslaid ◽  
Piia Post ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Ecological Modelling ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Short Article ◽  
Current Frame ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Research Perspective ◽  
Change Type ◽  
The Future

Abstract Global change-type droughts will become more frequent in the future and threaten forest ecosystems around the globe. A large proportion of the Estonian forest sector is currently subject to artificial drainage, which could probably lead to negative feedbacks when water supply falls short because of high temperatures and low precipitation during future drought periods. In this short article, we propose a novel research perspective that could make use of already gathered data resources, such as remote sensing, climate data, tree-ring research, soil information and hydrological modelling. We conclude that, when applied in concert, such an assembled dataset has the potential to contribute to mitigation of negative climate change consequences for the Estonian forest sector. In particular, smart-drainage systems are currently a rare phenomenon in forestry, although their implementation into existing drainage systems could help maintain the critical soil water content during periods of drought, while properly fulfilling their main task of removing excess water during wet phases. We discuss this new research perspective in light of the current frame conditions of the Estonian forest sector and resolve some current lacks in knowledge and data resources which could help improve the concept in the future.

Oracle: Global-Change-Type Drought

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
William deBuys
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Global Change ◽  
Graduate Student ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Controlled Experiments ◽  
Henry Adams ◽  
Solar Systems ◽  
Change Type ◽  
Arizona Desert ◽  
Guggenheim Museum

In the sprawling, climate-controlled, glass- and steel-ribbed tent of Biosphere II, Dave Breshears is killing trees. Together with Henry Adams, his graduate student accomplice, he arranged to have piñon pines dug up and hauled in from northern New Mexico. Next he saw to their replanting and watering, got them rooted, growing, and happy, and then—for some, but not for all—shut off the water. Breshears wants to find out what makes them die. Biosphere II is an unlikely setting for controlled experiments in tree murder—or for anything else. Rising from the Arizona desert like the main terminal of a misplaced airport, its design sexy and futuristic, it is full of the pride of technology and the promise of discovery. In its integration of multiple volumetric forms and vast banks of windows, it might be the architectural love child of the Bilbao Guggenheim Museum and a backyard greenhouse. A scanty procession of tourists detours from the beaten path to pay twenty dollars a head to enter the structure, which was meant to be an indoor replication of everything outdoors. It is a proto–space station: Biosphere II was conceived as a living and breathing microcosm of Biosphere I, the planet Earth. Bankrolled by the Texas oilman and investor Edward P. Bass, the creators of Biosphere II hoped that it would serve as a laboratory where earthlings might learn to package (and eventually export) their bubble of life to distant planets and solar systems. Toward that end, in September 1991, with much fanfare and not a little criticism, eight so-called biospherians, four men and four women, were sealed inside the three-acre complex for a two-year stay. Socially and biologically, the expectations were utopian: they were to grow their own food, maintain a life-supporting atmosphere, and get along as a team. Functionally the results were quite different. After thirteen months, said one, “We were starving, suffocating and going quite mad.”

scholarly journals On the ratio of wind- to water-driven sediment transport: Conserving soil under global-change-type extreme events

2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 51A-56A ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Field ◽  
D. D. Breshears ◽  
J. J. Whicker ◽  
C. B. Zou
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Global Change ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Change Type
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