Evaluating adaptive, carry‐over, and plastic antipredator responses across a temporal gradient in Pacific chorus frogs

Ecology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany S. Garcia ◽  
Evan M. Bredeweg ◽  
Jenny Urbina ◽  
Maud C. O. Ferrari
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Gradient ◽  
Chorus Frogs ◽  
Antipredator Responses ◽  
Carry Over

Minimizing Carry-Over Effects After Treatment Failure and Maximizing Therapeutic Outcome

2014 ◽  
Vol 222 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mareile Hofmann ◽  
Nathalie Wrobel ◽  
Simon Kessner ◽  
Ulrike Bingel
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Administration Route ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Analgesic Treatment ◽  
Balanced Design ◽  
Carry Over

According to experimental and clinical evidence, the experiences of previous treatments are carried over to different therapeutic approaches and impair the outcome of subsequent treatments. In this behavioral pilot study we used a change in administration route to investigate whether the effect of prior treatment experience on a subsequent treatment depends on the similarity of both treatments. We experimentally induced positive or negative experiences with a topical analgesic treatment in two groups of healthy human subjects. Subsequently, we compared responses to a second, unrelated and systemic analgesic treatment between both the positive and negative group. We found that there was no difference in the analgesic response to the second treatment between the two groups. Our data indicate that a change in administration route might reduce the influence of treatment history and therefore be a way to reduce negative carry-over effects after treatment failure. Future studies will have to validate these findings in a fully balanced design including larger, clinical samples.

Does CBT for Psychosis Have an Impact on Delusions by Improving Reasoning Biases and Negative Self-Schemas?

2018 ◽  
Vol 226 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Mehl ◽  
Björn Schlier ◽  
Tania M. Lincoln
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Intervention Effect ◽  
Produce Change ◽  
Attribution Biases ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Reasoning Biases

Abstract. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for psychosis (CBTp) builds on theoretical models that postulate reasoning biases and negative self-schemas to be involved in the formation and maintenance of delusions. However, it is unclear whether CBTp induces change in delusions by improving these proposed causal mechanisms. This study reports on a mediation analysis of a CBTp effectiveness trial in which delusions were a secondary outcome. Patients with psychosis were randomized to individualized CBTp (n = 36) or a waiting list condition (WL; n = 34). Reasoning biases (jumping to conclusions, theory of mind, attribution biases) and self-schemas (implicit and explicit self-esteem; self-schemas related to different domains) were assessed pre- and post-therapy/WL. The results reveal an intervention effect on two of four measures of delusions and on implicit self-esteem. Nevertheless, the intervention effect on delusions was not mediated by implicit self-esteem. Changes in explicit self-schemas and reasoning biases did also not mediate the intervention effects on delusions. More focused interventions may be required to produce change in reasoning and self-schemas that have the potential to carry over to delusions.

Investigation on the control of multiphase flow behavior in a continuous casting tundish during ladle change

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (6) ◽  
pp. 619
Author(s):  
Rui Xu ◽  
Haitao Ling ◽  
Haijun Wang ◽  
Lizhong Chang ◽  
Shengtao Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Multiphase Flow ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Rolled Strip ◽  
Impact Zone ◽  
Steel Cleanliness ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Slag Carry Over ◽  
Hot Rolled ◽  
Turbulence Inhibitor ◽  
The Impact

The transient multiphase flow behavior in a single-strand tundish during ladle change was studied using physical modeling. The water and silicon oil were employed to simulate the liquid steel and slag. The effect of the turbulence inhibitor on the slag entrainment and the steel exposure during ladle change were evaluated and discussed. The effect of the slag carry-over on the water-oil-air flow was also analyzed. For the original tundish, the top oil phase in the impact zone was continuously dragged into the tundish bath and opened during ladle change, forming an emulsification phenomenon. By decreasing the liquid velocities in the upper part of the impact zone, the turbulence inhibitor decreased considerably the amount of entrained slag and the steel exposure during ladle change, thereby eliminating the emulsification phenomenon. Furthermore, the use of the TI-2 effectively lowered the effect of the slag carry-over on the steel cleanliness by controlling the movement of slag droplets. The results from industrial trials indicated that the application of the TI-2 reduced considerably the number of linear inclusions caused by ladle change in hot-rolled strip coils.

Use of activated carbon to remove undesirable residual amylase from refinery streams

2017 ◽  
pp. 96-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian Eggleston ◽  
Isabel Lima ◽  
Emmanuel Sarir ◽  
Jack Thompson ◽  
John Zatlokovicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
End User ◽  
Customer Complaints ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Very High

In recent years, there has been increased world-wide concern over residual (carry-over) activity of mostly high temperature (HT) and very high temperature (VHT) stable amylases in white, refined sugars from refineries to various food and end-user industries. HT and VHT stable amylases were developed for much larger markets than the sugar industry with harsher processing conditions. There is an urgent need in the sugar industry to be able to remove or inactivate residual, active amylases either in factory or refinery streams or both. A survey of refineries that used amylase and had activated carbon systems for decolorizing, revealed they did not have any customer complaints for residual amylase. The use of high performance activated carbons to remove residual amylase activity was investigated using a Phadebas® method created for the sugar industry to measure residual amylase in syrups. Ability to remove residual amylase protein was dependent on the surface area of the powdered activated carbons as well as mixing (retention) time. The activated carbon also had the additional benefit of removing color and insoluble starch.

Vedic Prose

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Verbal System ◽  
Carry Over

This chapter provides a detailed account of the transitive noun and adjective categories attested in Vedic Prose. Although the Vedic Prose corpus is larger than that of the Rigveda, there are considerably fewer transitive noun/adjective categories, and relatively few transitive forms. The most commonly transitive adjective category may show some degree of integration into the verbal system as a modal formation. Statistical analysis shows that the patterns found in Rigvedic Sanskrit largely carry over into Vedic Prose. Again, there is a clear correlation between transitivity and predication. As before, different formations and types, occurring with varying frequency as transitive, are carefully examined and exemplified, including again situation-oriented nouns.

Divisibility Properties of Graded Domains

1982 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 196-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. D. Anderson ◽  
David F. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Integral Domain ◽  
Homogeneous Element ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Divisibility Properties ◽  
Krull Domains

Let R = ⊕α∊гRα be an integral domain graded by an arbitrary torsionless grading monoid Γ. In this paper we consider to what extent conditions on the homogeneous elements or ideals of R carry over to all elements or ideals of R. For example, in Section 3 we show that if each pair of nonzero homogeneous elements of R has a GCD, then R is a GCD-domain. This paper originated with the question of when a graded UFD (every homogeneous element is a product of principal primes) is a UFD. If R is Z+ or Z-graded, it is known that a graded UFD is actually a UFD, while in general this is not the case. In Section 3 we consider graded GCD-domains, in Section 4 graded UFD's, in Section 5 graded Krull domains, and in Section 6 graded π-domains.

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