scholarly journals Ecological versatility and the assembly of multiple competitors: cautionary notes for assembly inferences

Ecology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 1173-1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor S. Saito ◽  
Fabien Laroche ◽  
Tadeu Siqueira ◽  
Sandrine Pavoine
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Versatility

High genetic diversity and low differentiation reflect the ecological versatility of the African leopard

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Pečnerová ◽  
Genís Garcia-Erill ◽  
Xiaodong Liu ◽  
Casia Nursyifa ◽  
Ryan K. Waples ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ecological Versatility

scholarly journals The MAD1 Adhesin of Metarhizium anisopliae Links Adhesion with Blastospore Production and Virulence to Insects, and the MAD2 Adhesin Enables Attachment to Plants

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 808-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengshu Wang ◽  
Raymond J. St Leger
Keyword(s):  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Insect Cuticle ◽  
Plant Surface ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Regional Localization ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Ecological Versatility

ABSTRACT Metarhizium anisopliae is a fungus of considerable metabolic and ecological versatility, being a potent insect pathogen that can also colonize plant roots. The mechanistic details of these interactions are unresolved. We provide evidence that M. anisopliae adheres to insects and plants using two different proteins, MAD1 and MAD2, that are differentially induced in insect hemolymph and plant root exudates, respectively, and produce regional localization of adhesive conidial surfaces. Expression of Mad1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae allowed this yeast to adhere to insect cuticle. Expression of Mad2 caused yeast cells to adhere to a plant surface. Our study demonstrated that as well as allowing adhesion to insects, MAD1 at the surface of M. anisopliae conidia or blastospores is required to orientate the cytoskeleton and stimulate the expression of genes involved in the cell cycle. Consequently, the disruption of Mad1 in M. anisopliae delayed germination, suppressed blastospore formation, and greatly reduced virulence to caterpillars. The disruption of Mad2 blocked the adhesion of M. anisopliae to plant epidermis but had no effects on fungal differentiation and entomopathogenicity. Thus, regulation, localization, and specificity control the functional distinction between Mad1 and Mad2 and enable M. anisopliae cells to adapt their adhesive properties to different habitats.

Ecological Versatility and Community Ecology.

Ecology ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 77 (7) ◽  
pp. 2264
Author(s):  
Mathew A. Leibold ◽  
Ralph C. Mac Nally
Keyword(s):  
Community Ecology ◽  
Ecological Versatility

scholarly journals A closer look at pupil diversity and evolution in frogs and toads

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1957) ◽  
pp. 20211402
Author(s):  
Nadia G. Cervino ◽  
Agustín J. Elias-Costa ◽  
Martín O. Pereyra ◽  
Julián Faivovich
Keyword(s):  
Life Histories ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Diel Activity ◽  
Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Evolutionary Patterns ◽  
Most Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Diel Activity Patterns ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ecological Versatility

The eyes of frogs and toads (Anura) are among their most fascinating features. Although several pupil shapes have been described, the diversity, evolution, and functional role of the pupil in anurans have received little attention. Studying photographs of more than 3200 species, we surveyed pupil diversity, described their morphological variation, tested correlation with adult habits and diel activity, and discuss major evolutionary patterns considering iris anatomy and visual ecology. Our results indicate that the pupil in anurans is a highly plastic structure, with seven main pupil shapes that evolved at least 116 times during the history of the group. We found no significant correlation between pupil shape, adult habits, and diel activity, with the exception of the circular pupil and aquatic habits. The vertical pupil arose at least in the most-recent common ancestor of Anura + Caudata, and this morphology is present in most early-diverging anuran clades. Subsequently, a horizontal pupil, a very uncommon shape in vertebrates, evolved in most neobatrachian frogs. This shape evolved into most other known pupil shapes, but it persisted in a large number of species with diverse life histories, habits, and diel activity patterns, demonstrating a remarkable functional and ecological versatility.

scholarly journals Ecological versatility and its importance for the distribution and abundance of coral reef wrasses

2012 ◽  
Vol 461 ◽  
pp. 151-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Berkström ◽  
GP Jones ◽  
MI McCormick ◽  
M Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Ecological Versatility

Ecological Versatility and Community Ecology

1997 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 571
Author(s):  
Fabian M. Jaksic ◽  
Ralph C. Mac Nally
Keyword(s):  
Community Ecology ◽  
Ecological Versatility

scholarly journals Hybrids show parental influence in the adaptation of wild house mice to cold

1987 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Barnett ◽  
R. G. Dickson
Keyword(s):  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Parental Influence ◽  
House Mice ◽  
Rapid Adaptation ◽  
Cold Adapted ◽  
Hybrid Classes ◽  
Ecological Versatility ◽  
Wild House Mice ◽  
Two Hybrid ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

SummaryWild house mice, Mus musculus, were bred (a) at 3 °C (‘Eskimo’) and (b) at 23 °C. Mice of the ninth generation bred at 23°C were transferred to the cold environment. Their young, and Eskimo of the same (tenth) generation, were mated to give the four possible types of pairs: controls; the two reciprocal hybrid pairings; and Eskimo. In the resulting (eleventh) generation there were therefore two hybrid classes, genetically identical but with different parentage. The growth and reproduction of the eleventh generation were studied. At all ages from birth, mice with Eskimo mothers were heavier than those with control mothers. They were also better breeders: (1) they matured earlier; (2) their litters were larger; (3) the mortality of their young in the nest was lower. In one feature there was heterosis: of the four classes, the hybrids with Eskimo mothers produced the largest litters. These and previous findings suggest rapid selection, in the cold, for changes in growth, reproductive physiology and other aspects of metabolism. The cold-adapted mice of a given generation differed from the controls partly as a result of favourable parental effects, which acted in conjunction with genetical differences. It is hypothesized that the ecological versatility of Mus musculus depends partly on the presence, in each population, of alternative genotypes which allow rapid adaptation to new conditions.

scholarly journals Major genetic discontinuity and novel toxigenic species in Clostridioides difficile taxonomy

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R Knight ◽  
Korakrit Imwattana ◽  
Brian Kullin ◽  
Enzo Guerrero-Araya ◽  
Daniel Paredes-Sabja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Toxin Gene ◽  
Bayesian Analyses ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Genetic Discontinuity ◽  
Ecological Versatility ◽  
Gene Architecture ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
Global Population

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) remains an urgent global One Health threat. The genetic heterogeneity seen across C. difficile underscores its wide ecological versatility and has driven the significant changes in CDI epidemiology seen in the last 20 years. We analysed an international collection of over 12,000 C. difficile genomes spanning the eight currently defined phylogenetic clades. Through whole-genome average nucleotide identity, and pangenomic and Bayesian analyses, we identified major taxonomic incoherence with clear species boundaries for each of the recently described cryptic clades CI-III. The emergence of these three novel genomospecies predates clades C1-5 by millions of years, rewriting the global population structure of C. difficile specifically and taxonomy of the Peptostreptococcaceae in general. These genomospecies all show unique and highly divergent toxin gene architecture, advancing our understanding of the evolution of C. difficile and close relatives. Beyond the taxonomic ramifications, this work may impact the diagnosis of CDI.

scholarly journals The Clostridioides difficile species problem: global phylogenomic analysis uncovers three ancient, toxigenic, genomospecies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Knight ◽  
Korakrit Imwattana ◽  
Brian Kullin ◽  
Enzo Guerrero-Araya ◽  
Daniel Paredes-Sabja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Toxin Gene ◽  
Phylogenomic Analysis ◽  
Species Problem ◽  
Bayesian Analyses ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Ecological Versatility ◽  
Gene Architecture ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
Global Population

AbstractClostridioides difficile infection (CDI) remains an urgent global One Health threat. The genetic heterogeneity seen across C. difficile underscores its wide ecological versatility and has driven the significant changes in CDI epidemiology seen in the last 20 years. We analysed an international collection of over 12,000 C. difficile genomes spanning the eight currently defined phylogenetic clades. Through whole-genome average nucleotide identity, pangenomic and Bayesian analyses, we identified major taxonomic incoherence with clear species boundaries for each of the recently described cryptic clades CI-III. The emergence of these three novel genomospecies predates clades C1-5 by millions of years, rewriting the global population structure of C. difficile specifically and taxonomy of the Peptostreptococcaceae in general. These genomospecies all show unique and highly divergent toxin gene architecture, advancing our understanding of the evolution of C. difficile and close relatives. Beyond the taxonomic ramifications, this work impacts the diagnosis of CDI worldwide.

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